feat!: bump Firebase iOS SDK to 13.0.0

[SelaseKay]

Description

Bumps the Firebase Apple SDK pin for Swift Package Manager from 12.19.0 to 13.0.0. This pull request only changes the version pin. CocoaPods stays on 12.19.0.

It is expected to fail CI until #18783 merges into this branch. That pull request holds the Firestore pipeline and ML Model Downloader build fixes and the macOS 11 floor that SDK 13 needs, and it only compiles against this pin. Merge order:

1. fix(apple): build on Firebase Apple SDK 13 and require macOS 11 for Swift packages #18783 into feat/bump-ios-sdk-13.0.0.
2. This pull request into main, once CI is green.

The auth iOS end-to-end job runs on CocoaPods for now; see the Google Sign-In note under Breaking Change.

Related Issues

• Closes 🚀 [firebase_core] Bump Firebase iOS SDK (12.19.0 → 13.0.0) #18769

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Breaking Change

Does your PR require plugin users to manually update their apps to accommodate your change?

• Yes, this is a breaking change.
• No, this is not a breaking change.

Swift Package Manager builds now use Firebase Apple SDK 13 and require macOS 11. firebase_ml_model_downloader is unavailable with Swift Package Manager because Firebase Apple SDK 13 no longer ships FirebaseMLModelDownloader; its method calls return an unimplemented error. CocoaPods builds stay on Firebase Apple SDK 12.19.0 and macOS 10.15, and are unaffected.

Apps that build with Swift Package Manager and also depend on google_sign_in cannot resolve packages yet. Firebase Apple SDK 13 requires App Check 12, and every GoogleSignIn-iOS release up to 10.0.0 requires App Check 11. Those apps need CocoaPods until google/GoogleSignIn-iOS#626 ships and google_sign_in_ios accepts that release.

Keep the feat!: title when squash-merging so the release marks this as breaking.

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[SelaseKay]

Firebase iOS SDK 13 requires App Check 12. The auth example depends on google_sign_in: ^6.1.0, which resolves to Google Sign-In 8, and that pod requires App Check 11. Those ranges do not resolve together.

The example constraint stays at google_sign_in: ^6.1.0. Auth end-to-end stays red until a Google Sign-In release accepts App Check 12. The other iOS jobs are not blocked on that.

CocoaPods remains on Firebase Apple SDK 12.19.0. Swift Package Manager moves to 13.0.0, and ML Model Downloader calls on that path return unimplemented because SDK 13 no longer ships FirebaseMLModelDownloader.