sqlite: retry busy or locked backup steps

[lazerg]

Fixes: #66760

When the first sqlite3_backup_step() call returns SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_LOCKED (for example because the source connection is inside a write transaction), sqlite3_backup_remaining() is still 0, so the job was not rescheduled. It then fell through to the SQLITE_DONE check and rejected with an error read from the destination connection: errcode 0, "not an error".

Both codes are retryable per the SQLite docs, so the job now reschedules the step whenever it gets one of them, whatever the remaining page count.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.49%. Comparing base (1c90519) to head (9aa10b5).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #66769      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.49%   90.49%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         797      797              
  Lines      277598   277601       +3     
  Branches    53336    53332       -4     
==========================================
  Hits       251220   251220              
+ Misses      16790    16789       -1     
- Partials     9588     9592       +4     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.cc	82.30% <66.66%> (-0.05%)	⬇️

... and 27 files with indirect coverage changes

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