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chore(quest): no Rust TLA+ checker agrees with TLC on the route model - #8600

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Result: no Rust TLA+ checker qualifies, so the tla recipes stay on TLC alone. Of the four candidates (tlx, tla-mc, tla-rs, tlaplusplus), none can check the route model with TLC's verdict at fewer core-seconds. Anything that waits on a faster model checker, such as moq-dev/moq#8564, should plan on TLC.

This finishes quest/m1/tla-native-checker.md without adopting a checker, an outcome its Goal provides for: the PR records what each checker failed on. The quest file is deleted. A follow-up reruns the comparison once TLC runs cost fewer core-seconds replaces SumOver in the route model. Every candidate failed on that construct: tla-mc can't parse it, and it is the likely cause of tlx's and tla-rs's memory use.

Result

checker revision verdict
tlx 93dca5c9c29a708a92a6a82efa1ab85e8e6d32fb Agrees on every config it finishes, and is 3x to 12x cheaper than TLC on resume, reconnect, and subscribe. On every route config it exceeds a 16 GB cap at 9.4 to 10 GB RSS after 3,000 to 4,400 CPU-s, having found 5% to 50% of TLC's states. On EndedRelay.cfg it costs 1.6x TLC's CPU.
tla-mc c8fce23493bb78fcd5405faf7b0653855db620ee Agrees on every config it runs, and costs about a third of TLC's CPU on resume. It rejects RouteHandoff.tla (tla-mc: unknown operator f), so it runs no route config. Its counterexample omits the action that led to each state.
tla-rs c9b885abb93aa5e84d0e7134d79b9b8f12a62fd7 Agrees on the small configs. It exceeds the 16 GB cap within 65 to 127 CPU-s on every resume and route config. Uncapped, ThreeRoutes.cfg reached 52.7 GB RSS in 110 s and was OOM-killed. EndedRelay.cfg reached 8.2M of TLC's 49.9M states in the 60-minute limit, at 22 GB.
tlaplusplus 865cf7a250284de00d8c7d5609ea1daf08aab07c Exits 1 on a broken invariant (TLC exits 12, which sh/tla.sh reads), prints states as Rust debug values rather than TLC's trace, and took 907 CPU-s on Handover.cfg (TLC: 76). Dropped after three configs.

Each cell below is distinct states / CPU-seconds (user+sys) / peak RSS in GB, at 8 workers. "breaks rule" is exit 12. In every case it is the same invariant as TLC's: RedialsALiveRelay, KeepsReconnecting, NoSkipWhileHeld, OfflineMeansNothingServes, RedirectFollowed, RequestsLoopFree, StreamWins. A violating run's state count is order-dependent, so it is left out. TLC's peak RSS is bounded by its 4 GB heap. The three Simulate: configs (Blind, Dead, Twice) stay on TLC by the Plan and were not run.

config TLC tlx tla-mc tla-rs
Publish.cfg 18 / 1 / 0.1 18 / 0 / 0.0 18 / 0 / 0.0 18 / 0 / 0.0
Room.cfg 24 / 1 / 0.1 24 / 0 / 0.0 24 / 0 / 0.0 24 / 0 / 0.0
Failover.cfg 56 / 2 / 0.1 56 / 0 / 0.0 56 / 0 / 0.0 56 / 0 / 0.0
FailoverRedirect.cfg breaks rule / 2 / 0.1 breaks rule / 1 / 0.0 breaks rule / 1 / 0.0 breaks rule / 0 / 0.0
FailoverRedirectRefused.cfg breaks rule / 1 / 0.1 breaks rule / 3 / 0.0 breaks rule / 1 / 0.0 breaks rule / 0 / 0.0
Watch.cfg 26 / 1 / 0.1 26 / 3 / 0.0 26 / 0 / 0.0 26 / 0 / 0.0
failover/EndedRelay.cfg breaks rule / 7,265 / 4.3 breaks rule / 11,414 / 3.6 breaks rule / 6,925 / 9.6 60 min limit: 8,184,584 states, 18,186 CPU-s, 22.1 GB
failover/FailoverChain.cfg 1,961,020 / 253 / 2.0 1,961,020 / 459 / 0.3 1,961,020 / 245 / 0.3 1,961,020 / 489 / 0.4
failover/Leave.cfg 2,162,238 / 278 / 2.0 2,162,238 / 506 / 0.3 2,162,238 / 321 / 0.3 2,162,238 / 816 / 0.4
reconnect/Handover.cfg 1,240,975 / 76 / 1.6 1,240,975 / 10 / 0.2 1,240,975 / 48 / 0.2 1,240,975 / 153 / 0.3
reconnect/OfflineWhileServing.cfg breaks rule / 3 / 0.2 breaks rule / 0 / 0.1 breaks rule / 3 / 0.0 breaks rule / 0 / 0.0
reconnect/RedirectLost.cfg breaks rule / 6 / 0.3 breaks rule / 24 / 0.0 breaks rule / 0 / 0.1 breaks rule / 1 / 0.0
reconnect/RestartWait.cfg 236,751 / 19 / 1.5 236,751 / 4 / 0.1 236,751 / 9 / 0.1 236,751 / 25 / 0.1
resume/ResumeReader.cfg 14,334,670 / 2,074 / 4.3 14,334,670 / 397 / 1.2 14,334,670 / 731 / 2.1 over 16 GB cap in 127 CPU-s
resume/ThreeRoutes.cfg 7,053,230 / 623 / 2.9 7,053,230 / 221 / 0.8 7,053,230 / 385 / 1.1 over 16 GB cap in 93 CPU-s
route/Early.cfg 4,178,590 / 7,584 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (2,999 CPU-s, 225,669 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 67 CPU-s
route/Lag.cfg 1,299,405 / 3,004 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (3,354 CPU-s, 312,456 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 73 CPU-s
route/LagWide.cfg 4,194,747 / 12,313 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (4,405 CPU-s, 337,682 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 69 CPU-s
route/Loop.cfg breaks rule / 1,874 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (4,018 CPU-s, 247,713 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 74 CPU-s
route/Ring.cfg 426,409 / 1,027 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (4,361 CPU-s, 313,051 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 89 CPU-s
route/RouteHandoff.cfg 407,240 / 912 / 4.3 over 16 GB cap (3,003 CPU-s, 194,308 states) rejects the spec over 16 GB cap in 65 CPU-s
subscribe/StreamWins.cfg breaks rule / 5 / 0.3 breaks rule / 0 / 0.1 breaks rule / 0 / 0.1 breaks rule / 0 / 0.0
subscribe/SubscribeAccounting.cfg 13,321,765 / 675 / 2.2 13,321,765 / 54 / 1.0 13,321,765 / 284 / 1.1 13,321,765 / 1,125 / 3.4

Is it worth adopting?

Only the route and resume models cost real time, and the Goal asks for fewer core-seconds on both. On route, every candidate either rejects the spec or exceeds 16 GB, where TLC finishes in a 4 GB heap. On resume, tlx (397 and 221 CPU-s against TLC's 2,074 and 623) and tla-mc (731 and 385) would both qualify. Taking either for every model except route would leave the costliest configs on TLC and add a second engine to Nightly, so I adopted neither.

Why no more runs are needed

The Goal asks for TLC's verdict on every config a checker can run, fewer core-seconds than TLC on both the route and resume models, and traces as readable as TLC's. Each candidate fails at least one of these on the runs already made, so finishing the capped route runs would not change the outcome:

  • tla-mc cannot parse the route spec, and its traces do not name actions.
  • tlx found 65 to 93 distinct route states per CPU-second, against TLC's 341 to 551 on the same configs: 4.4x to 7.3x slower on every route config. tlx's rate covers only the start of its run, and the rate usually falls as the queue grows, so a full run would be slower still, even with unlimited memory.
  • tla-rs exceeds 16 GB within 127 CPU-s on every route and resume config. It ran 1.9x to 2x TLC's CPU on every large config it finished (FailoverChain, Handover, SubscribeAccounting), and 1/15 of TLC's rate on EndedRelay.
  • tlaplusplus prints traces as Rust Debug values, and used 12x TLC's CPU on Handover.cfg.

Traces

A broken rule must print a trace as readable as TLC's. tlx and tla-rs print TLC's format, including each step's <Action(args) line L, col C ... of module M> header that the verify skills' replay steps read (for example Lift(n, x) in verify-route). tla-mc prints the states alone, with no action. tlaplusplus prints Rust Debug values.

Validation

  • Each candidate is built with crane from its pinned revision inside the Nix sandbox (sandbox = true). Each check runs as a sandboxed runCommand derivation over a copy of the spec's directory: GNU time -v → prlimit --as=16G → timeout → the checker. Nothing of theirs ran outside the sandbox. The harness was scratch (a flake plus run.sh, sweep.sh) and is not committed. The follow-up describes how to rebuild it.
  • Every engine used -workers 8, TLC with the tla recipes' flags and -Xmx4g, and ran one at a time through quest gate. The host is shared with CI runners and was busy, so wall times are noisy and the comparison uses CPU-seconds.
  • TLC's verdicts and distinct-state counts agree with Nightly run 43250182795 (main at 997ae11, with the same specs as the base) on every config Nightly finished: the JS configs, ResumeReader, ThreeRoutes, Ring, RouteHandoff, and the open findings it reached. By Nightly's wall time on 4 ARM workers, ResumeReader takes 653 s and ThreeRoutes 229 s (about 2,600 and 900 core-seconds), and Ring and RouteHandoff take 323 and 333 s. Nightly did not finish EndedRelay, Early, Lag, LagWide, or Loop: its rest job failed and its route job was cancelled. Those TLC numbers come only from the local run.
  • After the sweep, main reworked SubscribeAccounting.tla and added subscribe/Continuation.cfg. The route, resume, failover, and reconnect specs are unchanged, so the result stands; the subscribe rows describe the spec as it was at the base.
  • The local TLC sweep ran to completion although a maintainer note (2026-11-12, 21:17) called it off. The note emptied the config list, but the sweep had already started and read that list. It ran under the same cap, one config at a time.
  • An uncapped tla-rs run of ThreeRoutes.cfg grew to 52.7 GB and set off the host's OOM killer, which also killed other agents' processes. Every run after it is capped. The cap's 16 GB is address space, a stricter bound than RSS, and is set inside the sandbox because nix-daemon builds don't run in user cgroups here (use-cgroups = false). With a 1 GB cap TLC fails to reserve its heap, and with 16 GB it passes, so the cap is in force.

Upstream bugs, for the maintainer to report

None were filed. The quest asks for them to be reported to the maintainer instead.

  • tla-mc: unknown operator f for an operator argument passed on to another operator (Sum(f(_)) == SumOver(ns, f), rs/moq-net/verify/route/RouteHandoff.tla:389), and counterexamples that name no actions.
  • tla-rs: memory grows past 7 GB within seconds on ResumeReader.tla and RouteHandoff.tla (52.7 GB uncapped on ThreeRoutes.cfg), against TLC's 3 to 4.5 GB. EndedRelay.cfg runs at about a twentieth of TLC's rate.
  • tlx: on RouteHandoff.tla it holds about 30 KB of RSS per distinct state and runs at about a tenth of TLC's rate.
  • tlaplusplus: exit code 1, not 12, on an invariant violation.

Choices made without asking

  • Each candidate ran in its default mode. tlx's -tlc mode and tla-mc's -compile were not tried. -compile invokes cargo at run time, which the sandbox cannot do offline, and it shares the front end that rejects the route spec.
  • After the OOM, tlaplusplus was left out of the full sweep, and runs were not retried at larger caps. A checker that needs over 16 GB where TLC needs 4 GB fails the "worth adopting" bar regardless.
  • The follow-up goes in m2 and is Required on tlc-cost.md, rather than waiting on upstream tla-mc fixes, because that quest removes the construct every candidate failed on.
  • Merging main brought TLC runs cost fewer core-seconds, which linked the deleted quest. Its links now cite this PR and the follow-up, and the follow-up requires it, since its SumOver rewrite removes what every candidate failed on. Upstream bugs are still listed for the maintainer, but the follow-up no longer waits on tla-mc fixing them.

Follow-ups

Models

Size: M
Implementer: Claude, claude-opus-5-5, unknown effort
Implementer: Claude Code, claude-opus-5-5, unknown effort (iterate, M)

(Written by Claude Opus 5.5)

Review

Rewritten by quest review after each round.

  • Head: 2122acd

  • Base: origin/main at 1af7f01

  • Reviewer: Codex, gpt-6.1-sol, high effort

  • Session: 01a1d3b8-6882-75d1-8b2b-a4189b221aa0, round 2

  • Score: 10/10, The incremental branch changes update quest plans and references coherently, with no findings; builds, tests, and quest commands were not run.

  • Rounds: 2; findings 0: fixed 0, refuted 0, open 0

  • Findings: none

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Maintainer decision (2026-11-12): no local TLC sweep for this comparison. TLC on the JVM is too expensive to run here.

  • The queued sweep.sh 8 tlc -- $(cat exhaustive.txt) step on nixos was disabled by emptying .tmp/bench/exhaustive.txt (the original list is in exhaustive.tlc-skipped.txt, next to MAINTAINER-NOTE.md). The running tla-rs / tla-mc / tlx sweep is untouched.
  • TLC's reference verdict and distinct-state count for each config come from the latest Nightly TLA+ (...) job logs, such as run 43250182795. The CPU-seconds comparison uses Nightly's times, noting its runner and worker count.
  • Run TLC locally only for a config Nightly didn't finish (its route job was cancelled; route behind and rest failed), capped at 4 workers, 1 hour, and a bounded JVM heap (-Xmx).

(Written by Claude Opus 5.5)

tla-rs, tla-mc, tlx, and tlaplusplus were each run against TLC on every
exhaustive config (#8600). None checks the route model within
TLC's cost and memory, so nothing is adopted. A follow-up rechecks tla-mc,
the closest, once it parses the route spec and names actions in traces.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@kixelated kixelated changed the title A Rust TLA+ checker runs the models locally if it agrees with TLC chore(quest): no Rust TLA+ checker agrees with TLC on the route model Nov 13, 2026
@kixelated
kixelated marked this pull request as ready for review November 13, 2026 06:55
kixelated and others added 2 commits November 12, 2026 22:56
…hecker

# Conflicts:
#	quest/m1/tla-native-checker.md
…mOver

TLC's cost quest, new on main, replaces SumOver, the construct tla-mc
rejects and the likely cost behind tlx's and tla-rs's route blowups, so the
follow-up waits on it rather than on tla-mc alone.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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✅ No new issues found.

Reviewed changes: the full diff at the latest head, which touches only quest documents.

  • Quest closed: quest/m1/tla-native-checker.md is deleted, with the result recorded in the PR body.
  • Follow-up added: quest/m2/tla-native-recheck.md is Required on tlc-cost.md, which replaces SumOver.
  • Links updated: tlc-cost.md and route-exhaustive-sim.md no longer point at the deleted quest.

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  • quest/m2/tla-native-recheck.md

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Walkthrough

The changes add a quest document for rechecking native Rust TLA+ checkers after the FoldSet rewrite. It specifies comparison criteria, sandbox and memory limits, trace requirements, and conditions for adoption. Related quest references now point to PR #8600 or the new recheck quest. The earlier checker spike document and a route-simulation reference to it are removed.

Merge Risk: Low · previous review e6a13

This change only updates planning documents, so it has no runtime impact. Before merging, check that the adoption criteria in the new recheck quest cover every exhaustive config, not only the route and resume configs.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4

Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title states the main outcome of the changeset: no Rust TLA+ checker matched TLC on the route model, so the quest records that result and the deleted or updated quest docs reflect it. It is specif…
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check Passed The description is specific and related to the changeset. It states that no Rust TLA+ checker qualified, so the tla recipes stay on TLC. It explains that the quest file quest/m1/tla-native-checker.md …
Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title states the main outcome of the changeset: no Rust TLA+ checker matched TLC on the route model, so the quest records that result and the deleted or updated quest docs reflect it. It is specific and accurate. Its scope is limited to the quest documentation, which matches the changes in the raw summary.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description is specific and related to the changeset. It states that no Rust TLA+ checker qualified, so the tla recipes stay on TLC. It explains that the quest file quest/m1/tla-native-checker.md is deleted, and it gives a per-config comparison table of tlx, tla-mc, tla-rs, and tlaplusplus against TLC. It also covers validation steps, upstream bugs, and follow-up quests. This matches the summary of the raw changes, which delete the m1 quest and add the m2 recheck quest with updated links in tlc-cost.md and route-exhaustive-sim.md.

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @quest/m2/tla-native-recheck.md:
- Around line 27-28: Expand the #8600 sweep gate beyond the route and resume
configs: include every exhaustive config in the agreement verdict and
distinct-state comparison before adoption, while preserving the existing
adoption criteria.

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Comment thread quest/m2/tla-native-recheck.md Resolved
…esume first

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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✅ No new issues found.

Reviewed changes

Since the prior review, one docs-only commit landed.

  • Widened the recheck scope — quest/m2/tla-native-recheck.md now says the rerun covers every other exhaustive config after route and resume, since adoption needs agreement on all of them.

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@kixelated
kixelated added this pull request to the merge queue Nov 13, 2026
Merged via the queue into main with commit 6aa4f9c Nov 13, 2026
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@kixelated
kixelated deleted the quest/m1/tla-native-checker branch November 13, 2026 07:37
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