articles.tsv

pmid	pmcid	doi	title	authors	year	month	day	journal	volume	issue	pages	abstract
21305667	PMC4791073	10.1002/hbm.21186	Minimizing within-experiment and within-group effects in Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analyses	['Turkeltaub PE', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Fox M', 'Wiener M', 'Fox P']	2012	1	3	Hum Brain Mapp	33	1	1-13	Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) is an objective, quantitative technique for coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) of neuroimaging results that has been validated for a variety of uses. Stepwise modifications have improved ALE's theoretical and statistical rigor since its introduction. Here, we evaluate two avenues to further optimize ALE. First, we demonstrate that the maximum contribution of an experiment makes to an ALE map is related to the number of foci it reports and their proximity. We present a modified ALE algorithm that eliminates these within-experiment effects. However, we show that these effects only account for 2-3% of cumulative ALE values, and removing them has little impact on thresholded ALE maps. Next, we present an alternate organizational approach to datasets that prevents subject groups with multiple experiments in a dataset from influencing ALE values more than others. This modification decreases cumulative ALE values by 7-9%, changes the relative magnitude of some clusters, and reduces cluster extents. Overall, differences between results of the standard approach and these new methods were small. This finding validates previous ALE reports against concerns that they were driven by within-experiment or within-group effects. We suggest that the modified ALE algorithm is theoretically advantageous compared with the current algorithm, and that the alternate organization of datasets is the most conservative approach for typical ALE analyses and other CBMA methods. Combining the two modifications minimizes both within-experiment and within-group effects, optimizing the degree to which ALE values represent concordance of findings across independent reports.
21643732	PMC3682219	10.1007/s12021-011-9126-x	The cognitive paradigm ontology: design and application	['Turner JA', 'Laird AR']	2012	1	3	Neuroinformatics	10	1	57-66	We present the basic structure of the Cognitive Paradigm Ontology (CogPO) for human behavioral experiments. While the experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience literature may refer to certain behavioral tasks by name (e.g., the Stroop paradigm or the Sternberg paradigm) or by function (a working memory task, a visual attention task), these paradigms can vary tremendously in the stimuli that are presented to the subject, the response expected from the subject, and the instructions given to the subject. Drawing from the taxonomy developed and used by the BrainMap project ( www.brainmap.org ) for almost two decades to describe key components of published functional imaging results, we have developed an ontology capable of representing certain characteristics of the cognitive paradigms used in the fMRI and PET literature. The Cognitive Paradigm Ontology is being developed to be compliant with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), and to harmonize where possible with larger ontologies such as RadLex, NeuroLex, or the Ontology of Biomedical Investigations (OBI). The key components of CogPO include the representation of experimental conditions focused on the stimuli presented, the instructions given, and the responses requested. The use of alternate and even competitive terminologies can often impede scientific discoveries. Categorization of paradigms according to stimulus, response, and instruction has been shown to allow advanced data retrieval techniques by searching for similarities and contrasts across multiple paradigm levels. The goal of CogPO is to develop, evaluate, and distribute a domain ontology of cognitive paradigms for application and use in the functional neuroimaging community.
21667303	PMC4791066	10.1007/s00429-011-0333-x	Neuroanatomic changes and their association with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis	['Nickl-Jockschat T', 'Kleiman A', 'Schulz JB', 'Schneider F', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Reetz K']	2012	1	3	Brain Struct Funct	217	1	115-25	Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an acquired syndrome characterised by cognitive decline not affecting activities of daily living. Using a quantitative meta-analytic approach, we aimed to identify consistent neuroanatomic correlates of MCI and how they are related to cognitive dysfunction. The meta-analysis enrols 22 studies, involving 917 MCI (848 amnestic MCI) patients and 809 healthy controls. Only studies investigating local changes in grey matter and reporting whole-brain results in stereotactic coordinates were included and analysed using the activation likelihood estimation approach. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps were used to compare the localization of the obtained significant effects to histological areas. A correlation between the probability of grey matter changes and cognitive performance of MCI patients was performed. In MCI patients, the meta-analysis revealed three significant clusters of convergent grey matter atrophy, which were mainly situated in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, extending to the left medial temporal pole and thalamus, as well as in the bilateral precuneus. A sub-analysis in only amnestic MCI revealed a similar pattern. A voxel-wise analysis revealed a correlation between grey matter reduction and cognitive decline in the right hippocampus and amygdala as well as in the left thalamus. This study provides convergent evidence of a distinct neuroanatomical pattern in MCI. The correlation analysis with cognitive-mnestic decline further highlights the impact of limbic structures and the linkage with data from a functional neuroimaging database provides additional insight into underlying functions. Although different pathologies are underlying MCI, the observed neuroanatomical pattern of structural changes may reflect the common clinical denominator of cognitive impairment.
21692142	PMC4801488	10.1002/hbm.21299	Brain structure anomalies in autism spectrum disorder--a meta-analysis of VBM studies using anatomic likelihood estimation	['Nickl-Jockschat T', 'Habel U', 'Michel TM', 'Manning J', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Schneider F', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	33	6	1470-89	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive developmental disorders with characteristic core symptoms such as impairments in social interaction, deviance in communication, repetitive and stereotyped behavior, and impaired motor skills. Anomalies of brain structure have repeatedly been hypothesized to play a major role in the etiopathogenesis of the disorder. Our objective was to perform unbiased meta-analysis on brain structure changes as reported in the current ASD literature. We thus conducted a comprehensive search for morphometric studies by Pubmed query and literature review. We used a revised version of the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging results. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps were applied to compare the localization of the obtained significant effects to histological areas. Each of the significant ALE clusters was analyzed separately for age effects on gray and white matter density changes. We found six significant clusters of convergence indicating disturbances in the brain structure of ASD patients, including the lateral occipital lobe, the pericentral region, the medial temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, and proximate to the right parietal operculum. Our study provides the first quantitative summary of brain structure changes reported in literature on autism spectrum disorders. In contrast to the rather small sample sizes of the original studies, our meta-analysis encompasses data of 277 ASD patients and 303 healthy controls. This unbiased summary provided evidence for consistent structural abnormalities in spite of heterogeneous diagnostic criteria and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methodology, but also hinted at a dependency of VBM findings on the age of the patients.
21949904	PMC3178148	10.1155/2012/907409	Multimodal MRI neuroimaging biomarkers for cognitive normal adults, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease	['Lin AL', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Gao JH']	2012	7	3	Neurol Res Int	2012		907409	Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed to noninvasively measure structural, metabolic, hemodynamic and functional changes of the brain. These advantages have made MRI an important tool to investigate neurodegenerative disorders, including diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and treatment efficacy evaluation. This paper discusses recent findings of the multimodal MRI in the context of surrogate biomarkers for identifying the risk for AD in normal cognitive (NC) adults, brain anatomical and functional alterations in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Further developments of these techniques and the establishment of promising neuroimaging biomarkers will enhance our ability to diagnose aMCI and AD in their early stages and improve the assessment of therapeutic efficacy in these diseases in future clinical trials.
21963913	PMC3254820	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.017	Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited	['Eickhoff SB', 'Bzdok D', 'Laird AR', 'Kurth F', 'Fox PT']	2012	2	1	Neuroimage	59	3	2349-61	A widely used technique for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging data is activation likelihood estimation (ALE), which determines the convergence of foci reported from different experiments. ALE analysis involves modelling these foci as probability distributions whose width is based on empirical estimates of the spatial uncertainty due to the between-subject and between-template variability of neuroimaging data. ALE results are assessed against a null-distribution of random spatial association between experiments, resulting in random-effects inference. In the present revision of this algorithm, we address two remaining drawbacks of the previous algorithm. First, the assessment of spatial association between experiments was based on a highly time-consuming permutation test, which nevertheless entailed the danger of underestimating the right tail of the null-distribution. In this report, we outline how this previous approach may be replaced by a faster and more precise analytical method. Second, the previously applied correction procedure, i.e. controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), is supplemented by new approaches for correcting the family-wise error rate and the cluster-level significance. The different alternatives for drawing inference on meta-analytic results are evaluated on an exemplary dataset on face perception as well as discussed with respect to their methodological limitations and advantages. In summary, we thus replaced the previous permutation algorithm with a faster and more rigorous analytical solution for the null-distribution and comprehensively address the issue of multiple-comparison corrections. The proposed revision of the ALE-algorithm should provide an improved tool for conducting coordinate-based meta-analyses on functional imaging data.
22178808	PMC3288533	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050	Modelling neural correlates of working memory: a coordinate-based meta-analysis	['Rottschy C', 'Langner R', 'Dogan I', 'Reetz K', 'Laird AR', 'Schulz JB', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	3	3	Neuroimage	60	1	830-46	"Working memory subsumes the capability to memorize, retrieve and utilize information for a limited period of time which is essential to many human behaviours. Moreover, impairments of working memory functions may be found in nearly all neurological and psychiatric diseases. To examine what brain regions are commonly and differently active during various working memory tasks, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis over 189 fMRI experiments on healthy subjects. The main effect yielded a widespread bilateral fronto-parietal network. Further meta-analyses revealed that several regions were sensitive to specific task components, e.g. Broca's region was selectively active during verbal tasks or ventral and dorsal premotor cortex were preferentially involved in memory for object identity and location, respectively. Moreover, the lateral prefrontal cortex showed a division in a rostral and a caudal part based on differential involvement in task set and load effects. Nevertheless, a consistent but more restricted ""core"" network emerged from conjunctions across analyses of specific task designs and contrasts. This ""core"" network appears to comprise the quintessence of regions, which are necessary during working memory tasks. It may be argued that the core regions form a distributed executive network with potentially generalized functions for focussing on competing representations in the brain. The present study demonstrates that meta-analyses are a powerful tool to integrate the data of functional imaging studies on a (broader) psychological construct, probing the consistency across various paradigms as well as the differential effects of different experimental implementations."
22197743	PMC3288226	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.010	The functional connectivity of the human caudate: an application of meta-analytic connectivity modeling with behavioral filtering	['Robinson JL', 'Laird AR', 'Glahn DC', 'Blangero J', 'Sanghera MK', 'Pessoa L', 'Fox PM', 'Uecker A', 'Friehs G', 'Young KA', 'Griffin JL', 'Lovallo WR', 'Fox PT']	2012	3	3	Neuroimage	60	1	117-29	Meta-analysis based techniques are emerging as powerful, robust tools for developing models of connectivity in functional neuroimaging. Here, we apply meta-analytic connectivity modeling to the human caudate to 1) develop a model of functional connectivity, 2) determine if meta-analytic methods are sufficiently sensitive to detect behavioral domain specificity within region-specific functional connectivity networks, and 3) compare meta-analytic driven segmentation to structural connectivity parcellation using diffusion tensor imaging. Results demonstrate strong coherence between meta-analytic and data-driven methods. Specifically, we found that behavioral filtering resulted in cognition and emotion related structures and networks primarily localized to the head of the caudate nucleus, while perceptual and action specific regions localized to the body of the caudate, consistent with early models of nonhuman primate histological studies and postmortem studies in humans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed support for meta-analytic connectivity modeling's (MACM) utility in identifying both direct and indirect connectivity. Our results provide further validation of meta-analytic connectivity modeling, while also highlighting an additional potential, namely the extraction of behavioral domain specific functional connectivity.
22270812	PMC3445793	10.1007/s00429-012-0380-y	Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy	['Bzdok D', 'Schilbach L', 'Vogeley K', 'Schneider K', 'Laird AR', 'Langner R', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	10	3	Brain Struct Funct	217	4	783-96	Morally judicious behavior forms the fabric of human sociality. Here, we sought to investigate neural activity associated with different facets of moral thought. Previous research suggests that the cognitive and emotional sources of moral decisions might be closely related to theory of mind, an abstract-cognitive skill, and empathy, a rapid-emotional skill. That is, moral decisions are thought to crucially refer to other persons' representation of intentions and behavioral outcomes as well as (vicariously experienced) emotional states. We thus hypothesized that moral decisions might be implemented in brain areas engaged in 'theory of mind' and empathy. This assumption was tested by conducting a large-scale activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, which assessed 2,607 peak coordinates from 247 experiments in 1,790 participants. The brain areas that were consistently involved in moral decisions showed more convergence with the ALE analysis targeting theory of mind versus empathy. More specifically, the neurotopographical overlap between morality and empathy disfavors a role of affective sharing during moral decisions. Ultimately, our results provide evidence that the neural network underlying moral decisions is probably domain-global and might be dissociable into cognitive and affective sub-systems.
22282036	PMC3660731	10.3758/s13415-011-0083-5	Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions	['Niendam TA', 'Laird AR', 'Ray KL', 'Dean YM', 'Glahn DC', 'Carter CS']	2012	6	3	Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci	12	2	241-68	Classic cognitive theory conceptualizes executive functions as involving multiple specific domains, including initiation, inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and vigilance. Lesion and neuroimaging experiments over the past two decades have suggested that both common and unique processes contribute to executive functions during higher cognition. It has been suggested that a superordinate fronto-cingulo-parietal network supporting cognitive control may also underlie a range of distinct executive functions. To test this hypothesis in the largest sample to date, we used quantitative meta-analytic methods to analyze 193 functional neuroimaging studies of 2,832 healthy individuals, ages 18-60, in which performance on executive function measures was contrasted with an active control condition. A common pattern of activation was observed in the prefrontal, dorsal anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices across executive function domains, supporting the idea that executive functions are supported by a superordinate cognitive control network. However, domain-specific analyses showed some variation in the recruitment of anterior prefrontal cortex, anterior and midcingulate regions, and unique subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. These results are consistent with the existence of a superordinate cognitive control network in the brain, involving dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices, that supports a broad range of executive functions.
22319593	PMC3272038	10.1371/journal.pone.0030920	Introspective minds: using ALE meta-analyses to study commonalities in the neural correlates of emotional processing, social & unconstrained cognition	['Schilbach L', 'Bzdok D', 'Timmermans B', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Vogeley K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	7	3	PLoS One	7	2	e30920	Previous research suggests overlap between brain regions that show task-induced deactivations and those activated during the performance of social-cognitive tasks. Here, we present results of quantitative meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies, which confirm a statistical convergence in the neural correlates of social and resting state cognition. Based on the idea that both social and unconstrained cognition might be characterized by introspective processes, which are also thought to be highly relevant for emotional experiences, a third meta-analysis was performed investigating studies on emotional processing. By using conjunction analyses across all three sets of studies, we can demonstrate significant overlap of task-related signal change in dorso-medial prefrontal and medial parietal cortex, brain regions that have, indeed, recently been linked to introspective abilities. Our findings, therefore, provide evidence for the existence of a core neural network, which shows task-related signal change during socio-emotional tasks and during resting states.
22326834	PMC3401637	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.117	Resting state functional connectivity in addiction: Lessons learned and a road ahead	['Sutherland MT', 'McHugh MJ', 'Pariyadath V', 'Stein EA']	2012	10	1	Neuroimage	62	4	2281-95	Despite intensive scientific investigation and public health imperatives, drug addiction treatment outcomes have not significantly improved in more than 50 years. Non-invasive brain imaging has, over the past several decades, contributed important new insights into the neuroplastic adaptations that result from chronic drug intake, but additional experimental approaches and neurobiological hypotheses are needed to better capture the totality of the motivational, affective, cognitive, genetic and pharmacological complexities of the disease. Recent advances in assessing network dynamics through resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) may allow for such systems-level assessments. In this review, we first summarize the nascent addiction-related rsFC literature and suggest that in using this tool, circuit connectivity may inform specific neurobiological substrates underlying psychological dysfunctions associated with reward, affective and cognitive processing often observed in drug addicts. Using nicotine addiction as an exemplar, we subsequently provide a heuristic framework to guide future research by linking recent findings from intrinsic network connectivity studies with those interrogating nicotine's neuropharmacological actions. Emerging evidence supports a critical role for the insula in nicotine addiction. Likewise, the anterior insula, potentially together with the anterior cingulate cortex, appears to pivotally influence the dynamics between large-scale brain networks subserving internal (default-mode network) and external (executive control network) information processing. We suggest that a better understanding of how the insula modulates the interaction between these networks is critical for elucidating both the cognitive impairments often associated with withdrawal and the performance-enhancing effects of nicotine administration. Such an understanding may be usefully applied in the design and development of novel smoking cessation treatments.
22387170	PMC3321133	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.037	Across-study and within-subject functional connectivity of a right temporo-parietal junction subregion involved in stimulus-context integration	['Jakobs O', 'Langner R', 'Caspers S', 'Roski C', 'Cieslik EC', 'Zilles K', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	5	1	Neuroimage	60	4	2389-98	Bidirectional integration between sensory stimuli and contextual framing is fundamental to action control. Stimuli may entail context-dependent actions, while temporal or spatial characteristics of a stimulus train may establish a contextual framework for upcoming stimuli. Here we aimed at identifying core areas for stimulus-context integration and delineated their functional connectivity (FC) using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and analysis of resting-state networks. In a multi-study conjunction, consistently increased activity under higher demands on stimulus-context integration was predominantly found in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), which represented the largest cluster of overlap and was thus used as the seed for the FC analyses. The conjunction between task-dependent (MACM) and task-free (resting state) FC of the right TPJ revealed a shared network comprising bilaterally inferior parietal and frontal cortices, anterior insula, premotor cortex, putamen and cerebellum, i.e., a 'ventral' action/attention network. Stronger task-dependent (vs. task-free) connectivity was observed with the pre-SMA, dorsal premotor cortex, intraparietal sulcus, basal ganglia and primary sensori motor cortex, while stronger resting-state (vs. task-dependent) connectivity was found with the dorsolateral prefrontal and medial parietal cortex. Our data provide strong evidence that the right TPJ may represent a key region for the integration of sensory stimuli and contextual frames in action control. Task-dependent associations with regions related to stimulus processing and motor responses indicate that the right TPJ may integrate 'collaterals' of sensory processing and apply (ensuing) contextual frames, most likely via modulation of preparatory loops. Given the pattern of resting-state connectivity, internal states and goal representations may provide the substrates for the contextual integration within the TPJ in the absence of a specific task.
22569543	PMC3381058	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.060	Electrophysiological and functional connectivity of the human supplementary motor area	['Narayana S', 'Laird AR', 'Tandon N', 'Franklin C', 'Lancaster JL', 'Fox PT']	2012	8	1	Neuroimage	62	1	250-65	Neuro-imaging methods for detecting functional and structural inter-regional connectivity are in a rapid phase of development. While reports of regional connectivity patterns based on individual methods are becoming common, studies comparing the results of two or more connectivity-mapping methods remain rare. In this study, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation during PET imaging (TMS/PET), a stimulation-based method, and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), a task-based method to map the connectivity patterns of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Further, we drew upon the behavioral domain meta-data of the BrainMap(R) database to characterize the behavioral domain specificity of two maps. Both MACM and TMS/PET detected multi-synaptic connectivity patterns, with the MACM-detected connections being more extensive. Both MACM and TMS/PET detected connections belonging to multiple behavioral domains, including action, cognition and perception. Finally, we show that the two connectivity-mapping methods are complementary in that, the MACM informed on the functional nature of SMA connections, while TMS/PET identified brain areas electrophysiologically connected with the SMA. Thus, we demonstrate that integrating multimodal database and imaging techniques can derive comprehensive connectivity maps of brain areas.
22659444	PMC4801477	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.058	Investigating function and connectivity of morphometric findings--exemplified on cerebellar atrophy in spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17)	['Reetz K', 'Dogan I', 'Rolfs A', 'Binkofski F', 'Schulz JB', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2012	9	3	Neuroimage	62	3	1354-66	Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia but also a broad spectrum of other neuropsychiatric signs. As anatomical and structural studies have shown severe cerebellar atrophy in SCA17 and a differentiation of the human cerebellum into an anterior sensorimotor and posterior cognitive/emotional partition has been implicated, we aimed at investigating functional connectivity patterns of two cerebellar clusters of atrophy revealed by a morphometric analysis in SCA17 patients. In particular, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed a large cluster of atrophy in SCA17 in the bilateral anterior cerebellum (lobule V) and another one in the left posterior cerebellum (lobules IX, VIIb, VIIIA, VIIIB). These two cerebellar clusters were used as seeds for functional connectivity analyses using task-based meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and task-free resting state connectivity analysis. Results demonstrated first consistent functional connectivity throughout the cerebellum itself; the anterior cerebellar seed showed stronger connectivity to lobules V, VI and to some extent I-IV, and the posterior cerebellar seed to the posterior lobules VI-IX. Importantly, the cerebellar anterior seed also showed consistently stronger functional connectivity than the posterior one with pre- and motor areas as well as the primary somatosensory cortex. In turn, task-based task-independent functional connectivity analyses revealed that the cerebellar posterior seed was linked with fronto-temporo-parietal areas as well as partly the insula and the thalamus, i.e., brain regions implicated in cognitive and affective processes. Functional characterization of experiments activating either cerebellar seed further corroborated this notion, revealing mainly motor-related functions for the anterior cluster and predominantly cognitive functions were associated for the posterior one. The differential functional connectivity of the cerebellar anterior and posterior cluster highlights the manifold connections and dichotomy of the human cerebellum, providing additional valuable information about probably disrupted cerebellar-cerebral connections and reflecting the brunt of motor but also the broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric deficits in SCA17.
22806915	PMC4801486	10.1002/hbm.22138	An investigation of the structural, connectional, and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala	['Bzdok D', 'Laird AR', 'Zilles K', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	12	3	Hum Brain Mapp	34	12	3247-66	Although the amygdala complex is a brain area critical for human behavior, knowledge of its subspecialization is primarily derived from experiments in animals. We here employed methods for large-scale data mining to perform a connectivity-derived parcellation of the human amygdala based on whole-brain coactivation patterns computed for each seed voxel. Voxels within the histologically defined human amygdala were clustered into distinct groups based on their brain-wide coactivation maps. Using this approach, connectivity-based parcellation divided the amygdala into three distinct clusters that are highly consistent with earlier microstructural distinctions. Meta-analytic connectivity modelling then revealed the derived clusters' brain-wide connectivity patterns, while meta-data profiling allowed their functional characterization. These analyses revealed that the amygdala's laterobasal nuclei group was associated with coordinating high-level sensory input, whereas its centromedial nuclei group was linked to mediating attentional, vegetative, and motor responses. The often-neglected superficial nuclei group emerged as particularly sensitive to olfactory and probably social information processing. The results of this model-free approach support the concordance of structural, connectional, and functional organization in the human amygdala and point to the importance of acknowledging the heterogeneity of this region in neuroimaging research.
22918987	PMC3792742	10.1093/cercor/bhs256	"Is there ""one"" DLPFC in cognitive action control? Evidence for heterogeneity from co-activation-based parcellation"	['Cieslik EC', 'Zilles K', 'Caspers S', 'Roski C', 'Kellermann TS', 'Jakobs O', 'Langner R', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	11	3	Cereb Cortex	23	11	2677-89	The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has consistently been implicated in cognitive control of motor behavior. There is, however, considerable variability in the exact location and extension of these activations across functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. This poses the question of whether this variability reflects sampling error and spatial uncertainty in fMRI experiments or structural and functional heterogeneity of this region. This study shows that the right DLPFC as observed in 4 different experiments tapping executive action control may be subdivided into 2 distinct subregions-an anterior-ventral and a posterior-dorsal one -based on their whole-brain co-activation patterns across neuroimaging studies. Investigation of task-dependent and task-independent connectivity revealed both clusters to be involved in distinct neural networks. The posterior subregion showed increased connectivity with bilateral intraparietal sulci, whereas the anterior subregion showed increased connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. Functional characterization with quantitative forward and reverse inferences revealed the anterior network to be more strongly associated with attention and action inhibition processes, whereas the posterior network was more strongly related to action execution and working memory. The present data provide evidence that cognitive action control in the right DLPFC may rely on differentiable neural networks and cognitive functions.
22922585	PMC4801478	10.1159/000339528	Consistent neurodegeneration and its association with clinical progression in Huntington's disease: a coordinate-based meta-analysis	['Dogan I', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Schulz JB', 'Shah NJ', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Reetz K']	2013	7	3	Neurodegener Dis	12	1	23-35	BACKGROUND: The neuropathological hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD) is progressive striatal loss starting several years prior to clinical onset. In the past decade, whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have provided accumulating evidence for widely distributed cortical and subcortical atrophy in the early course of the disease. OBJECTIVE: In order to synthesize current morphometric MRI findings and to investigate the impact of clinical and genetic features on structural changes, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in HD. METHODS: Twenty HD samples derived from 17 studies were integrated in the analysis comparing a total of 685 HD mutation carriers [345 presymptomatic (pre-HD) and 340 symptomatic (symp-HD) subjects] and 507 controls. Convergent findings across studies were delineated using the anatomical likelihood estimation approach. Effects of genetic and clinical parameters on the likelihood of observing VBM findings were calculated by means of correlation analyses. RESULTS: Pre-HD studies featured convergent evidence for neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia, amygdala, thalamus, insula and occipital regions. In symp-HD, cerebral atrophy was more pronounced and spread to cortical regions (i.e., inferior frontal, premotor, sensorimotor, midcingulate, frontoparietal and temporoparietal cortices). Higher cytosine-adenosine-guanosine repeats were associated with striatal degeneration, while parameters of disease progression and motor impairment additionally correlated with cortical atrophy, especially in sensorimotor areas. CONCLUSION: This first quantitative meta-analysis in HD demonstrates the extent of striatal atrophy and further consistent extrastriatal degeneration before clinical conversion. Sensorimotor areas seem to be core regions affected in symp-HD and, along with widespread cortical atrophy, may account for the clinical heterogeneity in HD.
22936519	PMC3514575	10.1002/hbm.22155	A coordinate-based meta-analytic model of trauma processing in posttraumatic stress disorder	['Ramage AE', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Acheson A', 'Peterson AL', 'Williamson DE', 'Telch MJ', 'Fox PT']	2013	12	3	Hum Brain Mapp	34	12	3392-9	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a well-defined set of symptoms that can be elicited during traumatic imagery tasks. For this reason, trauma imagery tasks are often employed in functional neuroimaging studies. Here, coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBM) was used to pool eight studies applying traumatic imagery tasks to identify sites of task-induced activation in 170 PTSD patients and 104 healthy controls. In this way, right anterior cingulate (ACC), right posterior cingulate (PCC), and left precuneus (Pcun) were identified as regions uniquely active in PTSD patients relative to healthy controls. To further characterize these regions, their normal interactions, and their typical functional roles, meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) with behavioral filtering was applied. MACM indicated that the PCC and Pcun regions were frequently co-active and associated with processing of cognitive information, particularly in explicit memory tasks. Emotional processing was particularly associated with co-activity of the ACC and PCC, as mediated by the thalamus. By narrowing the regions of interest to those commonly active across multiple studies (using CBM) and developing a priori hypotheses about directed probabilistic dependencies amongst these regions, this proposed model-when applied in the context of graphical and causal modeling-should improve model fit and thereby increase statistical power for detecting differences between subject groups and between treatments in neuroimaging studies of PTSD.
22973224	PMC3428588	10.3389/fninf.2012.00023	Automated regional behavioral analysis for human brain images	['Lancaster JL', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Martinez MJ', 'Fox PM', 'Fox PT']	2012	7	3	Front Neuroinform	6		23	"Behavioral categories of functional imaging experiments along with standardized brain coordinates of associated activations were used to develop a method to automate regional behavioral analysis of human brain images. Behavioral and coordinate data were taken from the BrainMap database (http://www.brainmap.org/), which documents over 20 years of published functional brain imaging studies. A brain region of interest (ROI) for behavioral analysis can be defined in functional images, anatomical images or brain atlases, if images are spatially normalized to MNI or Talairach standards. Results of behavioral analysis are presented for each of BrainMap's 51 behavioral sub-domains spanning five behavioral domains (Action, Cognition, Emotion, Interoception, and Perception). For each behavioral sub-domain the fraction of coordinates falling within the ROI was computed and compared with the fraction expected if coordinates for the behavior were not clustered, i.e., uniformly distributed. When the difference between these fractions is large behavioral association is indicated. A z-score >/= 3.0 was used to designate statistically significant behavioral association. The left-right symmetry of ~100K activation foci was evaluated by hemisphere, lobe, and by behavioral sub-domain. Results highlighted the classic left-side dominance for language while asymmetry for most sub-domains (~75%) was not statistically significant. Use scenarios were presented for anatomical ROIs from the Harvard-Oxford cortical (HOC) brain atlas, functional ROIs from statistical parametric maps in a TMS-PET study, a task-based fMRI study, and ROIs from the ten ""major representative"" functional networks in a previously published resting state fMRI study. Statistically significant behavioral findings for these use scenarios were consistent with published behaviors for associated anatomical and functional regions."
23042731	PMC3862271	10.1093/cercor/bhs308	Meta-analytic connectivity modeling reveals differential functional connectivity of the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex	['Zald DH', 'McHugo M', 'Ray KL', 'Glahn DC', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR']	2014	1	3	Cereb Cortex	24	1	232-48	The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in a broad range of behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Anatomical tracing studies in nonhuman primates reveal differences in connectivity across subregions of the OFC, but data on the connectivity of the human OFC remain limited. We applied meta-analytic connectivity modeling in order to examine which brain regions are most frequently coactivated with the medial and lateral portions of the OFC in published functional neuroimaging studies. The analysis revealed a clear divergence in the pattern of connectivity for the medial OFC (mOFC) and lateral OFC (lOFC) regions. The lOFC showed coactivations with a network of prefrontal regions and areas involved in cognitive functions including language and memory. In contrast, the mOFC showed connectivity with default mode, autonomic, and limbic regions. Convergent patterns of coactivations were observed in the amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. A small number of regions showed connectivity specific to the anterior or posterior sectors of the OFC. Task domains involving memory, semantic processing, face processing, and reward were additionally analyzed in order to identify the different patterns of OFC functional connectivity associated with specific cognitive and affective processes. These data provide a framework for understanding the human OFC's position within widespread functional networks.
23110878	PMC3636184	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.043	Individual differences in amygdala reactivity following nicotinic receptor stimulation in abstinent smokers	['Sutherland MT', 'Carroll AJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Ross TJ', 'Hong LE', 'Stein EA']	2013	2	1	Neuroimage	66		585-93	Hyperactive amygdala functioning may underlie emotional dysregulation during smoking abstinence and represents one neurobiological target for pharmacological cessation aids. Available pharmacotherapies (e.g., nicotine replacement and varenicline) aid only a subset of individuals with smoking cessation and therefore elucidating the neurobiological impact of these medications is critical to expedite improved interventions. In a fMRI study employing a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, we assessed task performance and amygdala functioning during an emotional face matching paradigm following administration of nicotine and varenicline to 24 abstinent smokers and 20 nonsmokers. All participants underwent ~17days of varenicline and placebo pill administration and were scanned, on different days under each condition, wearing a transdermal nicotine or placebo patch. During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers. When considering all smokers as a single homogenous group, no drug-induced effects on amygdala reactivity were detected. However, in an exploratory analysis we parsed participants into subgroups according to individual differences in the propensity to demonstrate stable performance augmentation following nAChR stimulation (stable RT-improvers [SI] vs. variable RT-improvers [VI]). Using this exploratory approach, drugs appeared to modulate amygdala reactivity in only one smoker subgroup but not in either nonsmoker subgroup. Specifically, in the SI-smoker cohort abstinence-induced elevated amygdala reactivity was down-regulated by nAChR stimulation. In contrast, varenicline and nicotine did not modulate amygdala functioning in the VI-smoker cohort who displayed moderate levels of amygdala reactivity in the absence of drug administration. These results suggest that pharmacotherapies most robustly dampened amygdala functioning in smokers appearing susceptible to abstinence-induced effects. Such findings provide a step towards fractionating the smoker phenotype by discrete neurobiological characteristics.
23143344	PMC3825581	10.1007/s00429-012-0476-4	"Differentiated parietal connectivity of frontal regions for ""what"" and ""where"" memory"	['Rottschy C', 'Caspers S', 'Roski C', 'Reetz K', 'Dogan I', 'Schulz JB', 'Zilles K', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	11	3	Brain Struct Funct	218	6	1551-67	"In a previous meta-analysis across almost 200 neuroimaging experiments, working memory for object location showed significantly stronger convergence on the posterior superior frontal gyrus, whereas working memory for identity showed stronger convergence on the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (dorsal to, but overlapping with Brodmann's area BA 44). As similar locations have been discussed as part of a dorsal frontal-superior parietal reach system and an inferior frontal grasp system, the aim of the present study was to test whether the regions of working-memory related ""what"" and ""where"" processing show a similar distinction in parietal connectivity. The regions that were found in the previous meta-analysis were used as seeds for functional connectivity analyses using task-based meta-analytic connectivity modelling and task-independent resting state correlations. While the ventral seed showed significantly stronger connectivity with the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the dorsal seed showed stronger connectivity with the bilateral posterior inferior parietal and the medial superior parietal lobule. The observed connections of regions involved in memory for object location and identity thus clearly demonstrate a distinction into separate pathways that resemble the parietal connectivity patterns of the dorsal and ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates and humans. It may hence be speculated that memory for a particular location and reaching towards it as well as object memory and finger positioning for manipulation may rely on shared neural systems. Moreover, the ensuing regions, in turn, featured differential connectivity with the bilateral ventral and dorsal extrastriate cortex, suggesting largely segregated bilateral connectivity pathways from the dorsal visual cortex via the superior and inferior parietal lobules to the dorsal posterior frontal cortex and from the ventral visual cortex via the IPS to the ventral posterior frontal cortex that may underlie action and cognition."
23370055	PMC4791061	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.046	Task- and resting-state functional connectivity of brain regions related to affection and susceptible to concurrent cognitive demand	['Kellermann TS', 'Caspers S', 'Fox PT', 'Zilles K', 'Roski C', 'Laird AR', 'Turetsky BI', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	5	15	Neuroimage	72		69-82	A recent fMRI-study revealed neural responses for affective processing of stimuli for which overt attention irrespective of stimulus valence was required in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and bilateral amygdala (AMY): activation decreased with increasing cognitive demand. To further characterize the network putatively related to this attenuation, we here characterized these regions with respect to their functional properties and connectivity patterns in task-dependent and task-independent states. All experiments of the BrainMap database activating the seed regions OFC and bilateral AMY were identified. Their functional characteristics were quantitatively inferred using the behavioral meta-data of the retrieved experiments. Task-dependent functional connectivity was characterized by meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) of significant co-activations with these seed regions. Task-independent resting-state functional connectivity analysis in a sample of 100 healthy subjects complemented these analyses. All three seed regions co-activated with subgenual cingulum (SGC), precuneus (PCu) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the task-dependent MACM analysis. Task-independent resting-state connectivity revealed significant coupling of the seeds only with the SGC, but not the PCu and the NAcc. The former region (SGC) moreover was shown to feature significant resting-state connectivity with all other regions implicated in the network connected to regions where emotional processing may be modulated by a cognitive distractor. Based on its functional profile and connectivity pattern, we suggest that the SGC might serve as a key hub in the identified network, as such linking autobiographic information [PCu], reward [NAcc], (reinforce) values [OFC] and emotional significance [AMY]. Such a role, in turn, may allow the SGC to influence the OFC and AMY to modulate affective processing.
23452684	PMC5441228	10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.012	Developmental meta-analysis of the functional neural correlates of autism spectrum disorders	['Dickstein DP', 'Pescosolido MF', 'Reidy BL', 'Galvan T', 'Kim KL', 'Seymour KE', 'Laird AR', 'Di Martino A', 'Barrett RP']	2013	3	3	J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry	52	3	279-289.e16	OBJECTIVE: There is a pressing need to elucidate the brain-behavior interactions underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given the marked rise in ASD diagnosis over the past decade. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has begun to address this need, but few fMRI studies have evaluated age-related changes in ASD. Therefore, we conducted a developmental analysis of activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to compare child versus adult ASD fMRI studies. We hypothesized that children and adolescents with ASD (<18 years old) would rely less on prefrontal cortex structures than adults (>/=18 years old). METHOD: PubMed and PsycInfo literature searches were conducted to identify task-dependent fMRI studies of children or adults with ASD. Then recent GingerALE software improvements were leveraged to perform direct comparisons of child (n = 18) versus adult (n = 24) studies. RESULTS: ALE meta-analyses of social tasks showed that children and adolescents with ASD versus adults had significantly greater hyperactivation in the left post-central gyrus, and greater hypoactivation in the right hippocampus and right superior temporal gyrus. ALE meta-analyses of nonsocial tasks showed that children with ASD versus adults had significantly greater hyperactivation in the right insula and left cingulate gyrus, and hypoactivation in the right middle frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the neural alterations associated with ASD are not static, occurring only in early childhood. Instead, children with ASD have altered neural activity compared to adults during both social and nonsocial tasks, especially in fronto-temporal structures. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies are required to examine these changes prospectively, as potential targets for brain-based treatments for ASD.
23455594	PMC3873099	10.1007/s00213-013-3018-8	Insula's functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediates the impact of trait alexithymia on state tobacco craving	['Sutherland MT', 'Carroll AJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Ross TJ', 'Stein EA']	2013	7	3	Psychopharmacology (Berl)	228	1	143-55	RATIONALE: Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulty indentifying and describing subjective emotional experiences. Decreased aptitude in the perception, evaluation, and communication of affectively laden mental states has been associated with reduced emotion regulation, more severe drug craving in addicts, and structural/functional alterations in insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The insula and ACC represent sites of convergence between the putative neural substrates of alexithymia and those perpetuating cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVES: We examined the interrelations between alexithymia, tobacco craving, and insula/ACC neurocircuitry using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). METHODS: Overnight-deprived smokers (n = 24) and nonsmokers (n = 20) completed six neuroimaging assessments on different days both in the absence of, and following, varenicline and/or nicotine administration. In this secondary analysis of data from a larger study, we assessed trait alexithymia and state tobacco craving using self-reports and examined the rsFC of bilateral insular subregions (anterior, middle, posterior) and dorsal ACC. RESULTS: Higher alexithymia in smokers predicted reduced rsFC strength between the right anterior insula (aI) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Higher alexithymia also predicted more severe tobacco craving during nicotine withdrawal. Critically, the identified aI-vmPFC circuit fully mediated this alexithymia-craving relation. That is, elevated alexithymia predicted decreased aI-vmPFC rsFC and, in turn, decreased aI-vmPFC rsFC predicted increased craving during withdrawal. A moderated mediation analysis indicated that this aI-vmPFC mediational effect was not observed following drug administration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a weakened right aI-vmPFC functional circuit confers increased liability for tobacco craving during smoking abstinence. Individual differences in alexithymia and/or aI-vmPFC functional coupling may be relevant factors for smoking cessation success.
23506999	PMC3775982	10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.035	Down-regulation of amygdala and insula functional circuits by varenicline and nicotine in abstinent cigarette smokers	['Sutherland MT', 'Carroll AJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Ross TJ', 'Hong LE', 'Stein EA']	2013	10	1	Biol Psychiatry	74	7	538-46	BACKGROUND: Although the amygdala and insula are regarded as critical neural substrates perpetuating cigarette smoking, little is known about their circuit-level interactions with interconnected regions during nicotine withdrawal or following pharmacotherapy administration. To elucidate neurocircuitry associated with early smoking abstinence, we examined the impact of varenicline and nicotine, two modestly efficacious pharmacologic cessation aids, on amygdala- and insula-centered circuits using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study employing a two-drug, placebo-controlled design, 24 overnight-abstinent smokers and 20 nonsmokers underwent  approximately 17 days of varenicline and placebo pill administration and were scanned, on different days under each condition, wearing a transdermal nicotine or placebo patch. We examined the impact of varenicline and nicotine (both alone and in combination) on amygdala- and insula-centered rsFC using seed-based assessments. RESULTS: Beginning with a functionally defined amygdala seed, we observed that rsFC strength in an amygdala-insula circuit was down-regulated by varenicline and nicotine in abstinent smokers. Using this identified insula region as a new seed, both drugs similarly decreased rsFC between the insula and constituents of the canonical default-mode network (posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, parahippocampus). Drug-induced rsFC modulations were critically linked with nicotine withdrawal, as similar effects were not detected in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine withdrawal is associated with elevated amygdala-insula and insula-default-mode network interactions. As these potentiated interactions were down-regulated by two pharmacotherapies, this effect may be a characteristic shared by pharmacologic agents promoting smoking cessation. Decreased rsFC in these circuits may contribute to amelioration of subjective withdrawal symptoms.
23631994	PMC3720689	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.073	Networks of task co-activations	['Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Rottschy C', 'Bzdok D', 'Ray KL', 'Fox PT']	2013	10	15	Neuroimage	80		505-14	Recent progress in neuroimaging informatics and meta-analytic techniques has enabled a novel domain of human brain connectomics research that focuses on task-dependent co-activation patterns across behavioral tasks and cognitive domains. Here, we review studies utilizing the BrainMap database to investigate data trends in the activation literature using methods such as meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), connectivity-based parcellation (CPB), and independent component analysis (ICA). We give examples of how these methods are being applied to learn more about the functional connectivity of areas such as the amygdala, the default mode network, and visual area V5. Methods for analyzing the behavioral metadata corresponding to regions of interest and to their intrinsically connected networks are described as a tool for local functional decoding. We finally discuss the relation of observed co-activation connectivity results to resting state connectivity patterns, and provide implications for future work in this domain.
23674246	PMC4981637	10.1002/hbm.22262	The functional neuroanatomy of male psychosexual and physiosexual arousal: a quantitative meta-analysis	['Poeppl TB', 'Langguth B', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	4	3	Hum Brain Mapp	35	4	1404-21	Reproductive behavior is mandatory for conservation of species and mediated by a state of sexual arousal (SA), involving both complex mental processes and bodily reactions. An early neurobehavioral model of SA proposes cognitive, emotional, motivational, and autonomic components. In a comprehensive quantitative meta-analysis on previous neuroimaging findings, we provide here evidence for distinct brain networks underlying psychosexual and physiosexual arousal. Psychosexual (i.e., mental sexual) arousal recruits brain areas crucial for cognitive evaluation, top-down modulation of attention and exteroceptive sensory processing, relevance detection and affective evaluation, as well as regions implicated in the representation of urges and in triggering autonomic processes. In contrast, physiosexual (i.e., physiological sexual) arousal is mediated by regions responsible for regulation and monitoring of initiated autonomic processes and emotions and for somatosensory processing. These circuits are interconnected by subcortical structures (putamen and claustrum) that provide exchange of sensorimotor information and crossmodal processing between and within the networks. Brain deactivations may imply attenuation of introspective processes and social cognition, but be necessary to release intrinsic inhibition of SA.
23685185	PMC4827858	10.1016/j.jpain.2013.03.001	Structural brain anomalies and chronic pain: a quantitative meta-analysis of gray matter volume	['Smallwood RF', 'Laird AR', 'Ramage AE', 'Parkinson AL', 'Lewis J', 'Clauw DJ', 'Williams DA', 'Schmidt-Wilcke T', 'Farrell MJ', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Robin DA']	2013	7	3	J Pain	14	7	663-75	"The diversity of chronic pain syndromes and the methods employed to study them make integrating experimental findings challenging. This study performed coordinate-based meta-analyses using voxel-based morphometry imaging results to examine gray matter volume (GMV) differences between chronic pain patients and healthy controls. There were 12 clusters where GMV was decreased in patients compared with controls, including many regions thought to be part of the ""pain matrix"" of regions involved in pain perception, but also including many other regions that are not commonly regarded as pain-processing areas. The right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were the only regions noted to have increased GMV in patients. Functional characterizations were implemented using the BrainMap database to determine which behavioral domains were significantly represented in these regions. The most common behavioral domains associated with these regions were cognitive, affective, and perceptual domains. Because many of these regions are not classically connected with pain and because there was such significance in functionality outside of perception, it is proposed that many of these regions are related to the constellation of comorbidities of chronic pain, such as fatigue and cognitive and emotional impairments. Further research into the mechanisms of GMV changes could provide a perspective on these findings. PERSPECTIVE: Quantitative meta-analyses revealed structural differences between brains of individuals with chronic pain and healthy controls. These differences may be related to comorbidities of chronic pain."
23689016	PMC4791053	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.046	Characterization of the temporo-parietal junction by combining data-driven parcellation, complementary connectivity analyses, and functional decoding	['Bzdok D', 'Langner R', 'Schilbach L', 'Jakobs O', 'Roski C', 'Caspers S', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Zilles K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	11	1	Neuroimage	81		381-392	The right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) is consistently implicated in two cognitive domains, attention and social cognitions. We conducted multi-modal connectivity-based parcellation to investigate potentially separate functional modules within RTPJ implementing this cognitive dualism. Both task-constrained meta-analytic coactivation mapping and task-free resting-state connectivity analysis independently identified two distinct clusters within RTPJ, subsequently characterized by network mapping and functional forward/reverse inference. Coactivation mapping and resting-state correlations revealed that the anterior cluster increased neural activity concomitantly with a midcingulate-motor-insular network, functionally associated with attention, and decreased neural activity concomitantly with a parietal network, functionally associated with social cognition and memory retrieval. The posterior cluster showed the exact opposite association pattern. Our data thus suggest that RTPJ links two antagonistic brain networks processing external versus internal information.
23702412	PMC5325035	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.052	Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and functions of the human frontal pole	['Bludau S', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Mohlberg H', 'Caspers S', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Schleicher A', 'Zilles K', 'Amunts K']	2014	6	3	Neuroimage	93 Pt 2	Pt 2	260-75	The frontal pole has more expanded than any other part in the human brain as compared to our ancestors. It plays an important role for specifically human behavior and cognitive abilities, e.g. action selection (Kovach et al., 2012). Evidence about divergent functions of its medial and lateral part has been provided, both in the healthy brain and in psychiatric disorders. The anatomical correlates of such functional segregation, however, are still unknown due to a lack of stereotaxic, microstructural maps obtained in a representative sample of brains. Here we show that the human frontopolar cortex consists of two cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct areas: lateral frontopolar area 1 (Fp1) and medial frontopolar area 2 (Fp2). Based on observer-independent mapping in serial, cell-body stained sections of 10 brains, three-dimensional, probabilistic maps of areas Fp1 and Fp2 were created. They show, for each position of the reference space, the probability with which each area was found in a particular voxel. Applying these maps as seed regions for a meta-analysis revealed that Fp1 and Fp2 differentially contribute to functional networks: Fp1 was involved in cognition, working memory and perception, whereas Fp2 was part of brain networks underlying affective processing and social cognition. The present study thus disclosed cortical correlates of a functional segregation of the human frontopolar cortex. The probabilistic maps provide a sound anatomical basis for interpreting neuroimaging data in the living human brain, and open new perspectives for analyzing structure-function relationships in the prefrontal cortex. The new data will also serve as a starting point for further comparative studies between human and non-human primate brains. This allows finding similarities and differences in the organizational principles of the frontal lobe during evolution as neurobiological basis for our behavior and cognitive abilities.
23755001	PMC3665907	10.3389/fnhum.2013.00232	Segregation of the human medial prefrontal cortex in social cognition	['Bzdok D', 'Langner R', 'Schilbach L', 'Engemann DA', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	7	3	Front Hum Neurosci	7		232	"While the human medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is widely believed to be a key node of neural networks relevant for socio-emotional processing, its functional subspecialization is still poorly understood. We thus revisited the often assumed differentiation of the mPFC in social cognition along its ventral-dorsal axis. Our neuroinformatic analysis was based on a neuroimaging meta-analysis of perspective-taking that yielded two separate clusters in the ventral and dorsal mPFC, respectively. We determined each seed region's brain-wide interaction pattern by two complementary measures of functional connectivity: co-activation across a wide range of neuroimaging studies archived in the BrainMap database and correlated signal fluctuations during unconstrained (""resting"") cognition. Furthermore, we characterized the functions associated with these two regions using the BrainMap database. Across methods, the ventral mPFC was more strongly connected with the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, and retrosplenial cortex, while the dorsal mPFC was more strongly connected with the inferior frontal gyrus, temporo-parietal junction, and middle temporal gyrus. Further, the ventral mPFC was selectively associated with reward related tasks, while the dorsal mPFC was selectively associated with perspective-taking and episodic memory retrieval. The ventral mPFC is therefore predominantly involved in bottom-up-driven, approach/avoidance-modulating, and evaluation-related processing, whereas the dorsal mPFC is predominantly involved in top-down-driven, probabilistic-scene-informed, and metacognition-related processing in social cognition."
23781190	PMC3679482	10.3389/fnhum.2013.00268	Dysregulated left inferior parietal activity in schizophrenia and depression: functional connectivity and characterization	['Muller VI', 'Cieslik EC', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	7	3	Front Hum Neurosci	7		268	The inferior parietal cortex (IPC) is a heterogeneous region that is known to be involved in a multitude of diverse different tasks and processes, though its contribution to these often-complex functions is yet poorly understood. In a previous study we demonstrated that patients with depression failed to deactivate the left IPC during processing of congruent audiovisual information. We now found the same dysregulation (same region and condition) in schizophrenia. By using task-independent (resting state) and task-dependent meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses we aimed at characterizing this particular region with regard to its connectivity and function. Across both approaches, results revealed functional connectivity of the left inferior parietal seed region with bilateral IPC, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PrC/PCC), medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), left middle frontal (MFG) as well as inferior frontal (IFG) gyrus. Network-level functional characterization further revealed that on the one hand, all interconnected regions are part of a network involved in memory processes. On the other hand, sub-networks are formed when emotion, language, social cognition and reasoning processes are required. Thus, the IPC-region that is dysregulated in both depression and schizophrenia is functionally connected to a network of regions which, depending on task demands may form sub-networks. These results therefore indicate that dysregulation of left IPC in depression and schizophrenia might not only be connected to deficits in audiovisual integration, but is possibly also associated to impaired memory and deficits in emotion processing in these patient groups.
23791915	PMC4791055	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.041	Tackling the multifunctional nature of Broca's region meta-analytically: co-activation-based parcellation of area 44	['Clos M', 'Amunts K', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	12	3	Neuroimage	83		174-88	Cytoarchitectonic area 44 of Broca's region in the left inferior frontal gyrus is known to be involved in several functional domains including language, action and music processing. We investigated whether this functional heterogeneity is reflected in distinct modules within cytoarchitectonically defined left area 44 using meta-analytic connectivity-based parcellation (CBP). This method relies on identifying the whole-brain co-activation pattern for each area 44 voxel across a wide range of functional neuroimaging experiments and subsequently grouping the voxels into distinct clusters based on the similarity of their co-activation patterns. This CBP analysis revealed that five separate clusters exist within left area 44. A post-hoc functional characterization and functional connectivity analysis of these five clusters was then performed. The two posterior clusters were primarily associated with action processes, in particular with phonology and overt speech (posterior-dorsal cluster) and with rhythmic sequencing (posterior-ventral cluster). The three anterior clusters were primarily associated with language and cognition, in particular with working memory (anterior-dorsal cluster), with detection of meaning (anterior-ventral cluster) and with task switching/cognitive control (inferior frontal junction cluster). These five clusters furthermore showed specific and distinct connectivity patterns. The results demonstrate that left area 44 is heterogeneous, thus supporting anatomical data on the molecular architecture of this region, and provide a basis for more specific interpretations of activations localized in area 44.
23928747	PMC4219928	10.1007/s00429-013-0620-9	Multi-region hemispheric specialization differentiates human from nonhuman primate brain function	['Wey HY', 'Phillips KA', 'McKay DR', 'Laird AR', 'Kochunov P', 'Davis MD', 'Glahn DC', 'Blangero J', 'Duong TQ', 'Fox PT']	2014	11	3	Brain Struct Funct	219	6	2187-94	The human behavioral repertoire greatly exceeds that of nonhuman primates. Anatomical specializations of the human brain include an enlarged neocortex and prefrontal cortex (Semendeferi et al. in Am J Phys Anthropol 114:224-241, 2001), but regional enlargements alone cannot account for these vast functional differences. Hemispheric specialization has long believed to be a major contributing factor to such distinctive human characteristics as motor dominance, attentional control and language. Yet structural cerebral asymmetries, documented in both humans and some nonhuman primate species, are relatively minor compared to behavioral lateralization. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie these functional differences remains a goal of considerable interest. Here, we investigate the intrinsic connectivity networks in four primate species (humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and capuchin monkeys) using resting-state fMRI to evaluate the intra- and inter- hemispheric coherences of spontaneous BOLD fluctuation. All three nonhuman primate species displayed lateralized functional networks that were strikingly similar to those observed in humans. However, only humans had multi-region lateralized networks, which provide fronto-parietal connectivity. Our results indicate that this pattern of within-hemisphere connectivity distinguishes humans from nonhuman primates.
24038902	PMC4791049	10.1002/hbm.22364	Functional characterization and differential coactivation patterns of two cytoarchitectonic visual areas on the human posterior fusiform gyrus	['Caspers J', 'Zilles K', 'Amunts K', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	35	6	2754-67	"The ventral stream of the human extrastriate visual cortex shows a considerable functional heterogeneity from early visual processing (posterior) to higher, domain-specific processing (anterior). The fusiform gyrus hosts several of those ""high-level"" functional areas. We recently found a subdivision of the posterior fusiform gyrus on the microstructural level, that is, two distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, FG1 and FG2 (Caspers et al., Brain Structure & Function, 2013). To gain a first insight in the function of these two areas, here we studied their behavioral involvement and coactivation patterns by means of meta-analytic connectivity modeling based on the BrainMap database (www.brainmap.org), using probabilistic maps of these areas as seed regions. The coactivation patterns of the areas support the concept of a common involvement in a core network subserving different cognitive tasks, that is, object recognition, visual language perception, or visual attention. In addition, the analysis supports the previous cytoarchitectonic parcellation, indicating that FG1 appears as a transitional area between early and higher visual cortex and FG2 as a higher-order one. The latter area is furthermore lateralized, as it shows strong relations to the visual language processing system in the left hemisphere, while its right side is stronger associated with face selective regions. These findings indicate that functional lateralization of area FG2 relies on a different pattern of connectivity rather than side-specific cytoarchitectonic features."
24068828	PMC3782630	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1616-13.2013	Sulcal depth-position profile is a genetically mediated neuroscientific trait: description and characterization in the central sulcus	['McKay DR', 'Kochunov P', 'Cykowski MD', 'Kent JW Jr', 'Laird AR', 'Lancaster JL', 'Blangero J', 'Glahn DC', 'Fox PT']	2013	9	25	J Neurosci	33	39	15618-25	Genetic and environmental influences on brain morphology were assessed in an extended-pedigree design by extracting depth-position profiles (DPP) of the central sulcus (CS). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were used to measure CS length and depth in 467 human subjects from 35 extended families. Three primary forms of DPPs were observed. The most prevalent form, present in 70% of subjects, was bimodal, with peaks near hand and mouth regions. Trimodal and unimodal configurations accounted for 15 and 8%, respectively. Genetic control accounted for 56 and 66% of between-subject variance in average CS depth and length, respectively, and was not significantly influenced by environmental factors. Genetic control over CS depth ranged from 1 to 50% across the DPP. Areas of peak heritability occurred at locations corresponding to hand and mouth areas. Left and right analogous CS depth measurements were strongly pleiotropic. Shared genetic influence lessened as the distance between depth measurements was increased. We argue that DPPs are powerful phenotypes that should inform genetic influence of more complex brain regions and contribute to gene discovery efforts.
24115159	PMC5293144	10.1002/hbm.22363	The role of anterior midcingulate cortex in cognitive motor control: evidence from functional connectivity analyses	['Hoffstaedter F', 'Grefkes C', 'Caspers S', 'Roski C', 'Palomero-Gallagher N', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	35	6	2741-53	"The rostral cingulate cortex has been associated with a multitude of cognitive control functions. Recent neuroimaging data suggest that the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) has a key role for cognitive aspects of movement generation, i.e., intentional motor control. We here tested the functional connectivity of this area using two complementary approaches: (1) resting-state connectivity of the aMCC based on fMRI scans obtained in 100 subjects, and (2) functional connectivity in the context of explicit task conditions using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) over 656 imaging experiment. Both approaches revealed a convergent functional network architecture of the aMCC with prefrontal, premotor and parietal cortices as well as anterior insula, area 44/45, cerebellum and dorsal striatum. To specifically test the role of the aMCC's task-based functional connectivity in cognitive motor control, separate MACM analyses were conducted over ""cognitive"" and ""action"" related experimental paradigms. Both analyses confirmed the same task-based connectivity pattern of the aMCC. While the ""cognition"" domain showed higher convergence of activity in supramodal association areas in prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, ""action"" related experiments yielded higher convergence in somatosensory and premotor areas. Secondly, to probe the functional specificity of the aMCC's convergent functional connectivity, it was compared with a neural network of intentional movement initiation. This exemplary comparison confirmed the involvement of the state independent FC network of the aMCC in the intentional generation of movements. In summary, the different experiments of the present study suggest that the aMCC constitute a key region in the network realizing intentional motor control."
24142505	PMC5293143	10.1002/hbm.22392	Bridging the gap between functional and anatomical features of cortico-cerebellar circuits using meta-analytic connectivity modeling	['Balsters JH', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	7	3	Hum Brain Mapp	35	7	3152-69	Theories positing that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive as well as motor control are driven by two sources of information: (1) studies highlighting connections between the cerebellum and both prefrontal and motor territories, (2) functional neuroimaging studies demonstrating cerebellar activations evoked during the performance of both cognitive and motor tasks. However, almost no studies to date have combined these two sources of information and investigated cortico-cerebellar connectivity during task performance. Through the use of a novel neuroimaging tool (Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling) we demonstrate for the first time that cortico-cerebellar connectivity patterns seen in anatomical studies and resting fMRI are also present during task performance. Consistent with human and nonhuman primate anatomical studies cerebellar lobules Crus I and II were significantly coactivated with prefrontal and parietal cortices during task performance, whilst lobules HV, HVI, HVIIb, and HVIII were significantly coactivated with the pre- and postcentral gyrus. An analysis of the behavioral domains showed that these circuits were driven by distinct tasks. Prefrontal-parietal-cerebellar circuits were more active during cognitive and emotion tasks whilst motor-cerebellar circuits were more active during action execution tasks. These results highlight the separation of prefrontal and motor cortico-cerebellar loops during task performance, and further demonstrate that activity within these circuits relates to distinct functions.
24174404	PMC4007379	10.1002/oby.20659	Neural bases of food perception: coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies in multiple modalities	['Huerta CI', 'Sarkar PR', 'Duong TQ', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT']	2014	6	3	Obesity (Silver Spring)	22	6	1439-46	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the three food-cue paradigms most commonly used for functional neuroimaging studies to determine: i) commonalities and differences in the neural response patterns by paradigm and ii) the relative robustness and reliability of responses to each paradigm. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using standardized stereotactic coordinates to report brain responses to food cues were identified using online databases. Studies were grouped by food-cue modality as: i) tastes (8 studies); ii) odors (8 studies); and, iii) images (11 studies). Activation likelihood estimation was used to identify statistically reliable regional responses within each stimulation paradigm. RESULTS: Brain response distributions were distinctly different for the three stimulation modalities, corresponding to known differences in location of the respective primary and associative cortices. Visual stimulation induced the most robust and extensive responses. The left anterior insula was the only brain region reliably responding to all three stimulus categories. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest visual food-cue paradigm as promising candidate for imaging studies addressing the neural substrate of therapeutic interventions.
24179755	PMC3777772	10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.004	Thalamic medial dorsal nucleus atrophy in medial temporal lobe epilepsy: A VBM meta-analysis	['Barron DS', 'Fox PM', 'Laird AR', 'Robinson JL', 'Fox PT']	2012	7	3	Neuroimage Clin	2		25-32	PURPOSE: Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with MTLE network pathology within and beyond the hippocampus. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent MTLE structural change to guide subsequent targeted analyses of these areas. METHODS: We performed an anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 22 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry experiments from 11 published studies. We grouped these experiments in three ways. We then constructed a meta-analytic connectivity model (MACM) for regions of consistent MTLE structural change as reported by the ALE analysis. KEY FINDINGS: ALE reported spatially consistent structural change across VBM studies only in the epileptogenic hippocampus and the bilateral thalamus; within the thalamus, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MDN thalamus) represented the greatest convergence (P < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). The subsequent MACM for the hippocampus and ipsilateral MDN thalamus demonstrated that the hippocampus and ipsilateral MDN thalamus functionally co-activate and are nodes within the same network, suggesting that MDN thalamic damage could result from MTLE network excitotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: Notwithstanding our large sample of studies, these findings are more restrictive than previous reports and demonstrate the utility of our inclusion filters and of recently modified meta-analytic methods in approximating clinical relevance. Thalamic pathology is commonly observed in animal and human studies, suggesting it could be a clinically useful indicator. Thalamus-specific research as a clinical marker awaits further investigation.
24194718	PMC3810651	10.3389/fnagi.2013.00067	Adult age-dependent differences in resting-state connectivity within and between visual-attention and sensorimotor networks	['Roski C', 'Caspers S', 'Langner R', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Zilles K', 'Amunts K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2013	7	3	Front Aging Neurosci	5		67	"Healthy aging is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the brain, among which a loss of neural specificity (i.e., dedifferentiation) is one of the most consistent findings. Little is known, however, about changes in interregional integration underlying a dedifferentiation across different functional systems. In a large sample (n = 399) of healthy adults aged from 18 to 85 years, we analyzed age-dependent differences in resting-state (RS) (task-independent) functional connectivity (FC) of a set of brain regions derived from a previous fMRI study. In that study, these regions had shown an age-related loss of activation specificity in visual-attention (superior parietal area 7A and dorsal premotor cortex) or sensorimotor (area OP4 of the parietal operculum) tasks. In addition to these dedifferentiated regions, the FC analysis of the present study included ""task-general"" regions associated with both attention and sensorimotor systems (rostral supplementary motor area and bilateral anterior insula) as defined via meta-analytical co-activation mapping. Within this network, we observed both selective increases and decreases in RS-FC with age. In line with regional activation changes reported previously, we found diminished anti-correlated FC for inter-system connections (i.e., between sensorimotor-related and visual attention-related regions). Our analysis also revealed reduced FC between system-specific and task-general regions, which might reflect age-related deficits in top-down control possibly leading to dedifferentiation of task-specific brain activity. Together, our results underpin the notion that RS-FC changes concur with regional activity changes in the healthy aging brain, presumably contributing jointly to age-related behavioral changes."
24220041	PMC4801480	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.001	Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation--an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis	['Kohn N', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Scheller M', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Habel U']	2014	2	15	Neuroimage	87		345-55	Cognitive regulation of emotions is a fundamental prerequisite for intact social functioning which impacts on both well being and psychopathology. The neural underpinnings of this process have been studied intensively in recent years, without, however, a general consensus. We here quantitatively summarize the published literature on cognitive emotion regulation using activation likelihood estimation in fMRI and PET (23 studies/479 subjects). In addition, we assessed the particular functional contribution of identified regions and their interactions using quantitative functional inference and meta-analytic connectivity modeling, respectively. In doing so, we developed a model for the core brain network involved in emotion regulation of emotional reactivity. According to this, the superior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus and (pre) supplementary motor area should be involved in execution of regulation initiated by frontal areas. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be related to regulation of cognitive processes such as attention, while the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may not necessarily reflect the regulatory process per se, but signals salience and therefore the need to regulate. We also identified a cluster in the anterior middle cingulate cortex as a region, which is anatomically and functionally in an ideal position to influence behavior and subcortical structures related to affect generation. Hence this area may play a central, integrative role in emotion regulation. By focusing on regions commonly active across multiple studies, this proposed model should provide important a priori information for the assessment of dysregulated emotion regulation in psychiatric disorders.
24339802	PMC3857551	10.3389/fnins.2013.00237	ICA model order selection of task co-activation networks	['Ray KL', 'McKay DR', 'Fox PM', 'Riedel MC', 'Uecker AM', 'Beckmann CF', 'Smith SM', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR']	2013	7	3	Front Neurosci	7		237	Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a widely used method for extracting functional networks in the brain during rest and task. Historically, preferred ICA dimensionality has widely varied within the neuroimaging community, but typically varies between 20 and 100 components. This can be problematic when comparing results across multiple studies because of the impact ICA dimensionality has on the topology of its resultant components. Recent studies have demonstrated that ICA can be applied to peak activation coordinates archived in a large neuroimaging database (i.e., BrainMap Database) to yield whole-brain task-based co-activation networks. A strength of applying ICA to BrainMap data is that the vast amount of metadata in BrainMap can be used to quantitatively assess tasks and cognitive processes contributing to each component. In this study, we investigated the effect of model order on the distribution of functional properties across networks as a method for identifying the most informative decompositions of BrainMap-based ICA components. Our findings suggest dimensionality of 20 for low model order ICA to examine large-scale brain networks, and dimensionality of 70 to provide insight into how large-scale networks fractionate into sub-networks. We also provide a functional and organizational assessment of visual, motor, emotion, and interoceptive task co-activation networks as they fractionate from low to high model-orders.
24354662	PMC4057361	10.1111/adb.12118	Greater externalizing personality traits predict less error-related insula and anterior cingulate cortex activity in acutely abstinent cigarette smokers	['Carroll AJ', 'Sutherland MT', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Ross TJ', 'Stein EA']	2015	3	3	Addict Biol	20	2	377-89	Attenuated activity in performance-monitoring brain regions following erroneous actions may contribute to the repetition of maladaptive behaviors such as continued drug use. Externalizing is a broad personality construct characterized by deficient impulse control, vulnerability to addiction and reduced neurobiological indices of error processing. The insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are regions critically linked with error processing as well as the perpetuation of cigarette smoking. As such, we examined the interrelations between externalizing tendencies, erroneous task performance, and error-related insula and dACC activity in overnight-deprived smokers (n = 24) and non-smokers (n = 20). Participants completed a self-report measure assessing externalizing tendencies (Externalizing Spectrum Inventory) and a speeded Flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We observed that higher externalizing tendencies correlated with the occurrence of more performance errors among smokers but not non-smokers. Suggesting a neurobiological contribution to such suboptimal performance among smokers, higher externalizing also predicted less recruitment of the right insula and dACC following error commission. Critically, this error-related activity fully mediated the relationship between externalizing traits and error rates. That is, higher externalizing scores predicted less error-related right insula and dACC activity and, in turn, less error-related activity predicted more errors. Relating such regional activity with a clinically relevant construct, less error-related right insula and dACC responses correlated with higher tobacco craving during abstinence. Given that inadequate error-related neuronal responses may contribute to continued drug use despite negative consequences, these results suggest that externalizing tendencies and/or compromised error processing among subsets of smokers may be relevant factors for smoking cessation success.
24399179	PMC4087104	10.1007/s00429-013-0698-0	Definition and characterization of an extended social-affective default network	['Amft M', 'Bzdok D', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Schilbach L', 'Eickhoff SB']	2015	3	3	Brain Struct Funct	220	2	1031-49	Recent evidence suggests considerable overlap between the default mode network (DMN) and regions involved in social, affective and introspective processes. We considered these overlapping regions as the social-affective part of the DMN. In this study, we established a robust mapping of the underlying brain network formed by these regions and those strongly connected to them (the extended social-affective default network). We first seeded meta-analytic connectivity modeling and resting-state analyses in the meta-analytically defined DMN regions that showed statistical overlap with regions associated with social and affective processing. Consensus connectivity of each seed was subsequently delineated by a conjunction across both connectivity analyses. We then functionally characterized the ensuing regions and performed several cluster analyses. Among the identified regions, the amygdala/hippocampus formed a cluster associated with emotional processes and memory functions. The ventral striatum, anterior cingulum, subgenual cingulum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex formed a heterogeneous subgroup associated with motivation, reward and cognitive modulation of affect. Posterior cingulum/precuneus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were associated with mentalizing, self-reference and autobiographic information. The cluster formed by the temporo-parietal junction and anterior middle temporal sulcus/gyrus was associated with language and social cognition. Taken together, the current work highlights a robustly interconnected network that may be central to introspective, socio-affective, that is, self- and other-related mental processes.
24409112	PMC3864256	10.3389/fnins.2013.00240	Automated annotation of functional imaging experiments via multi-label classification	['Turner MD', 'Chakrabarti C', 'Jones TB', 'Xu JF', 'Fox PT', 'Luger GF', 'Laird AR', 'Turner JA']	2013	7	3	Front Neurosci	7		240	Identifying the experimental methods in human neuroimaging papers is important for grouping meaningfully similar experiments for meta-analyses. Currently, this can only be done by human readers. We present the performance of common machine learning (text mining) methods applied to the problem of automatically classifying or labeling this literature. Labeling terms are from the Cognitive Paradigm Ontology (CogPO), the text corpora are abstracts of published functional neuroimaging papers, and the methods use the performance of a human expert as training data. We aim to replicate the expert's annotation of multiple labels per abstract identifying the experimental stimuli, cognitive paradigms, response types, and other relevant dimensions of the experiments. We use several standard machine learning methods: naive Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machines (specifically SMO or sequential minimal optimization). Exact match performance ranged from only 15% in the worst cases to 78% in the best cases. NB methods combined with binary relevance transformations performed strongly and were robust to overfitting. This collection of results demonstrates what can be achieved with off-the-shelf software components and little to no pre-processing of raw text.
24681401	PMC4526025	10.1016/j.bandl.2014.02.001	The neural changes in connectivity of the voice network during voice pitch perturbation	['Flagmeier SG', 'Ray KL', 'Parkinson AL', 'Li K', 'Vargas R', 'Price LR', 'Laird AR', 'Larson CR', 'Robin DA']	2014	5	3	Brain Lang	132		7-13	Voice control is critical to communication. To date, studies have used behavioral, electrophysiological and functional data to investigate the neural correlates of voice control using perturbation tasks, but have yet to examine the interactions of these neural regions. The goal of this study was to use structural equation modeling of functional neuroimaging data to examine network properties of voice with and without perturbation. Results showed that the presence of a pitch shift, which was processed as an error in vocalization, altered connections between right STG and left STG. Other regions that revealed differences in connectivity during error detection and correction included bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, and the primary and pre motor cortices. Results indicated that STG plays a critical role in voice control, specifically, during error detection and correction. Additionally, pitch perturbation elicits changes in the voice network that suggest the right hemisphere is critical to pitch modulation.
24763126	PMC4108513	10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.022	Conceptualizing neuropsychiatric diseases with multimodal data-driven meta-analyses - the case of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia	['Schroeter ML', 'Laird AR', 'Chwiesko C', 'Deuschl C', 'Schneider E', 'Bzdok D', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Neumann J']	2014	8	3	Cortex	57		22-37	INTRODUCTION: Uniform coordinate systems in neuroimaging research have enabled comprehensive systematic and quantitative meta-analyses. Such approaches are particularly relevant for neuropsychiatric diseases, the understanding of their symptoms, prediction and treatment. Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a common neurodegenerative syndrome, is characterized by deep alterations in behavior and personality. Investigating this 'nexopathy' elucidates the healthy social and emotional brain. METHODS: Here, we combine three multimodal meta-analyses approaches - anatomical and activation likelihood estimates and behavioral domain profiles - to identify neural correlates of bvFTD in 417 patients and 406 control subjects and to extract mental functions associated with this disease by meta-analyzing functional activation studies in the comprehensive probabilistic functional brain atlas of the BrainMap database. RESULTS: The analyses identify the frontomedian cortex, basal ganglia, anterior insulae and thalamus as most relevant hubs, with a regional dissociation between atrophy and hypometabolism. Neural networks affected by bvFTD were associated with emotion and reward processing, empathy and executive functions (mainly inhibition), suggesting these functions as core domains affected by the disease and finally leading to its clinical symptoms. In contrast, changes in theory of mind or mentalizing abilities seem to be secondary phenomena of executive dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS: The study creates a novel conceptual framework to understand neuropsychiatric diseases by powerful data-driven meta-analytic approaches that shall be extended to the whole neuropsychiatric spectrum in the future.
24844743	PMC4251452	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.030	Comparison of structural covariance with functional connectivity approaches exemplified by an investigation of the left anterior insula	['Clos M', 'Rottschy C', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	10	1	Neuroimage	99		269-80	The anterior insula is a multifunctional region involved in various cognitive, perceptual and socio-emotional processes. In particular, a portion of the left anterior insula is closely associated with working memory processes in healthy participants and shows gray matter reduction in schizophrenia. To unravel the functional networks related to this left anterior insula region, we here combined resting state connectivity, meta-analytic-connectivity modeling (MACM) and structural covariance (SC) in addition to functional characterization based on BrainMap meta-data. Apart from allowing new insight into the seed region, this approach moreover provided an opportunity to systematically compare these different connectivity approaches. The results showed that the left anterior insula has a broad response profile and is part of multiple functional networks including language, memory and socio-emotional networks. As all these domains are linked with several symptoms of schizophrenia, dysfunction of the left anterior insula might be a crucial component contributing to this disorder. Moreover, although converging connectivity across all three connectivity approaches for the left anterior insula were found, also striking differences were observed. RS and MACM as functional connectivity approaches specifically revealed functional networks linked with internal cognition and active perceptual/language processes, respectively. SC, in turn, showed a clear preference for highlighting regions involved in social cognition. These differential connectivity results thus indicate that the use of multiple forms of connectivity is advantageous when investigating functional networks as conceptual differences between these approaches might lead to systematic variation in the revealed functional networks.
24869925	PMC4782795	10.1007/s00429-014-0791-z	Neural networks related to dysfunctional face processing in autism spectrum disorder	['Nickl-Jockschat T', 'Rottschy C', 'Thommes J', 'Schneider F', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2015	7	3	Brain Struct Funct	220	4	2355-71	One of the most consistent neuropsychological findings in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a reduced interest in and impaired processing of human faces. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 14 functional imaging studies on neural correlates of face processing enrolling a total of 164 ASD patients. Subsequently, normative whole-brain functional connectivity maps for the identified regions of significant convergence were computed for the task-independent (resting-state) and task-dependent (co-activations) state in healthy subjects. Quantitative functional decoding was performed by reference to the BrainMap database. Finally, we examined the overlap of the delineated network with the results of a previous meta-analysis on structural abnormalities in ASD as well as with brain regions involved in human action observation/imitation. We found a single cluster in the left fusiform gyrus showing significantly reduced activation during face processing in ASD across all studies. Both task-dependent and task-independent analyses indicated significant functional connectivity of this region with the temporo-occipital and lateral occipital cortex, the inferior frontal and parietal cortices, the thalamus and the amygdala. Quantitative reverse inference then indicated an association of these regions mainly with face processing, affective processing, and language-related tasks. Moreover, we found that the cortex in the region of right area V5 displaying structural changes in ASD patients showed consistent connectivity with the region showing aberrant responses in the context of face processing. Finally, this network was also implicated in the human action observation/imitation network. In summary, our findings thus suggest a functionally and structurally disturbed network of occipital regions related primarily to face (but potentially also language) processing, which interact with inferior frontal as well as limbic regions and may be the core of aberrant face processing and reduced interest in faces in ASD.
24945668	PMC4112007	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.007	Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revisited: controlling for activation base rates	['Langner R', 'Rottschy C', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	10	1	Neuroimage	99		559-70	"Co-activation of distinct brain regions is a measure of functional interaction, or connectivity, between those regions. The co-activation pattern of a given region can be investigated using seed-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data stored in databases such as BrainMap. This method reveals inter-regional functional connectivity by determining brain regions that are consistently co-activated with a given region of interest (the ""seed"") across a broad range of experiments. In current implementations of this meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), significant spatial convergence (i.e. consistent co-activation) is distinguished from noise by comparing it against an unbiased null-distribution of random spatial associations between experiments according to which all gray-matter voxels have the same chance of convergence. As the a priori probability of finding activation in different voxels markedly differs across the brain, computing such a quasi-rectangular null-distribution renders the detection of significant convergence more likely in those voxels that are frequently activated. Here, we propose and test a modified MACM approach that takes this activation frequency bias into account. In this new specific co-activation likelihood estimation (SCALE) algorithm, a null-distribution is generated that reflects the base rate of reporting activation in any given voxel and thus equalizes the a priori chance of finding across-study convergence in each voxel of the brain. Using four exemplary seed regions (right visual area V4, left anterior insula, right intraparietal sulcus, and subgenual cingulum), our tests corroborated the enhanced specificity of the modified algorithm, indicating that SCALE may be especially useful for delineating distinct core networks of co-activation."
25032500	PMC4782802	10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170320	Meta-analysis in human neuroimaging: computational modeling of large-scale databases	['Fox PT', 'Lancaster JL', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']	2014	7	3	Annu Rev Neurosci	37		409-34	Spatial normalization--applying standardized coordinates as anatomical addresses within a reference space--was introduced to human neuroimaging research nearly 30 years ago. Over these three decades, an impressive series of methodological advances have adopted, extended, and popularized this standard. Collectively, this work has generated a methodologically coherent literature of unprecedented rigor, size, and scope. Large-scale online databases have compiled these observations and their associated meta-data, stimulating the development of meta-analytic methods to exploit this expanding corpus. Coordinate-based meta-analytic methods have emerged and evolved in rigor and utility. Early methods computed cross-study consensus, in a manner roughly comparable to traditional (nonimaging) meta-analysis. Recent advances now compute coactivation-based connectivity, connectivity-based functional parcellation, and complex network models powered from data sets representing tens of thousands of subjects. Meta-analyses of human neuroimaging data in large-scale databases now stand at the forefront of computational neurobiology.
25042764	PMC4157091	10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.06.008	Gender differences in working memory networks: a BrainMap meta-analysis	['Hill AC', 'Laird AR', 'Robinson JL']	2014	10	3	Biol Psychol	102		18-29	Gender differences in psychological processes have been of great interest in a variety of fields. While the majority of research in this area has focused on specific differences in relation to test performance, this study sought to determine the underlying neurofunctional differences observed during working memory, a pivotal cognitive process shown to be predictive of academic achievement and intelligence. Using the BrainMap database, we performed a meta-analysis and applied activation likelihood estimation to our search set. Our results demonstrate consistent working memory networks across genders, but also provide evidence for gender-specific networks whereby females consistently activate more limbic (e.g., amygdala and hippocampus) and prefrontal structures (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus), and males activate a distributed network inclusive of more parietal regions. These data provide a framework for future investigations using functional or effective connectivity methods to elucidate the underpinnings of gender differences in neural network recruitment during working memory tasks.
25093071	PMC4108869	10.1186/2041-1480-5-S1-S2	Statistical algorithms for ontology-based annotation of scientific literature	['Chakrabarti C', 'Jones TB', 'Luger GF', 'Xu JF', 'Turner MD', 'Laird AR', 'Turner JA']	2014	7	3	J Biomed Semantics	5	Suppl 1 Proceedings of the Bio-Ontologies Spec Interest G	S2	BACKGROUND: Ontologies encode relationships within a domain in robust data structures that can be used to annotate data objects, including scientific papers, in ways that ease tasks such as search and meta-analysis. However, the annotation process requires significant time and effort when performed by humans. Text mining algorithms can facilitate this process, but they render an analysis mainly based upon keyword, synonym and semantic matching. They do not leverage information embedded in an ontology's structure. METHODS: We present a probabilistic framework that facilitates the automatic annotation of literature by indirectly modeling the restrictions among the different classes in the ontology. Our research focuses on annotating human functional neuroimaging literature within the Cognitive Paradigm Ontology (CogPO). We use an approach that combines the stochastic simplicity of naive Bayes with the formal transparency of decision trees. Our data structure is easily modifiable to reflect changing domain knowledge. RESULTS: We compare our results across naive Bayes, Bayesian Decision Trees, and Constrained Decision Tree classifiers that keep a human expert in the loop, in terms of the quality measure of the F1-mirco score. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike traditional text mining algorithms, our framework can model the knowledge encoded by the dependencies in an ontology, albeit indirectly. We successfully exploit the fact that CogPO has explicitly stated restrictions, and implicit dependencies in the form of patterns in the expert curated annotations.
25100166	PMC4545589	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.660	Developmental meta-analyses of the functional neural correlates of bipolar disorder	['Wegbreit E', 'Cushman GK', 'Puzia ME', 'Weissman AB', 'Kim KL', 'Laird AR', 'Dickstein DP']	2014	8	3	JAMA Psychiatry	71	8	926-35	IMPORTANCE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental illness associated with high costs to diagnosed individuals and society. Within the past 2 decades, increasing numbers of children and adolescents have been diagnosed as having BD. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have begun to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying BD, few have directly compared differences in youths with BD and adults with BD (hereafter BD-youths and BD-adults, respectively). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that BD-youths (<18 years old) would show greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation and prefrontal cortical hypoactivation vs BD-adults. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched on July 17, 2013, for original, task-related coordinate-based fMRI articles. STUDY SELECTION: In total, 21 pediatric studies, 73 adult studies, and 2 studies containing distinct pediatric and adult groups within the same study met inclusion criteria for our ALE analyses. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Coordinates of significant between-group differences were extracted from each published study. Recent improvements in GingerALE software were used to perform direct comparisons of pediatric and adult fMRI findings. We conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses directly comparing the voxelwise convergence of fMRI findings in BD-youths vs BD-adults, both relative to healthy control (HC) participants. RESULTS: Analyses of emotional face recognition fMRI studies showed significantly greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults. More broadly, analyses of fMRI studies using emotional stimuli showed significantly greater convergence of hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. In contrast, analyses of fMRI studies using nonemotional cognitive tasks and analyses aggregating emotional and nonemotional tasks showed significantly greater convergence of hypoactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our data suggest that amygdala, prefrontal, and visual system hyperactivation is important in the emotional dysfunction present in BD-youths, as well as that anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivation is relevant to the cognitive deficits in BD-youths. Future studies are required to determine if the developmental fMRI differences between BD-youths and BD-adults identified by our ALE meta-analyses are useful as brain-based diagnostic or treatment markers of BD, including either longitudinal neuroimaging studies of BD-youths as they become adults or cross-sectional imaging studies directly comparing BD-youths with BD-adults.
25331597	PMC4677979	10.1093/cercor/bhu250	Functional Segregation of the Human Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex	['Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Bzdok D', 'Hensel L']	2016	1	3	Cereb Cortex	26	1	304-21	The human dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been implicated in various complex cognitive processes, including social cognition. To unravel its functional organization, we assessed the dmPFC's regional heterogeneity, connectivity patterns, and functional profiles. First, the heterogeneity of a dmPFC seed, engaged during social processing, was investigated by assessing local differences in whole-brain coactivation profiles. Second, functional connectivity of the ensuing dmPFC clusters was compared by task-constrained meta-analytic coactivation mapping and task-unconstrained resting-state correlations. Third, dmPFC clusters were functionally profiled by forward/reverse inference. The dmPFC seed was thus segregated into 4 clusters (rostroventral, rostrodorsal, caudal-right, and caudal-left). Both rostral clusters were connected to the amygdala and hippocampus and associated with memory and social cognitive tasks in functional decoding. The rostroventral cluster exhibited strongest connectivity to the default mode network. Unlike the rostral segregation, the caudal dmPFC was divided by hemispheres. The caudal-right cluster was strongly connected to a frontoparietal network (dorsal attention network), whereas the caudal-left cluster was strongly connected to the anterior midcingulate cortex and bilateral anterior insula (salience network). In conclusion, we demonstrate that a dmPFC seed reflecting social processing can be divided into 4 separate functional modules that contribute to distinct facets of advanced human cognition.
25462801	PMC4780672	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.009	Subspecialization in the human posterior medial cortex	['Bzdok D', 'Heeger A', 'Langner R', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Palomero-Gallagher N', 'Vogt BA', 'Zilles K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2015	2	1	Neuroimage	106		55-71	The posterior medial cortex (PMC) is particularly poorly understood. Its neural activity changes have been related to highly disparate mental processes. We therefore investigated PMC properties with a data-driven exploratory approach. First, we subdivided the PMC by whole-brain coactivation profiles. Second, functional connectivity of the ensuing PMC regions was compared by task-constrained meta-analytic coactivation mapping (MACM) and task-unconstrained resting-state correlations (RSFC). Third, PMC regions were functionally described by forward/reverse functional inference. A precuneal cluster was mostly connected to the intraparietal sulcus, frontal eye fields, and right temporo-parietal junction; associated with attention and motor tasks. A ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cluster was mostly connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and middle left inferior parietal cortex (IPC); associated with facial appraisal and language tasks. A dorsal PCC cluster was mostly connected to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior IPC, posterior midcingulate cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; associated with delay discounting. A cluster in the retrosplenial cortex was mostly connected to the anterior thalamus and hippocampus. Furthermore, all PMC clusters were congruently coupled with the default mode network according to task-unconstrained but not task-constrained connectivity. We thus identified distinct regions in the PMC and characterized their neural networks and functional implications.
25662104	PMC4494985	10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.021	Neurobiological impact of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies	['Sutherland MT', 'Ray KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Yanes JA', 'Stein EA', 'Laird AR']	2015	11	15	Biol Psychiatry	78	10	711-20	BACKGROUND: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists augment cognition among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, yet the systems-level neurobiological mechanisms underlying such improvements are not fully understood. Aggregating neuroimaging results regarding nAChR agonists provides a means to identify common functional brain changes that may be related to procognitive drug effects. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies within the activation likelihood estimation framework. We identified published studies contrasting a nAChR drug condition versus a baseline and coded each contrast by activity change direction (decrease or increase), participant characteristics (smokers or nonsmokers), and drug manipulation employed (pharmacologic administration or cigarette smoking). RESULTS: When considering all studies, nAChR agonist administration was associated with activity decreases in multiple regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), parahippocampus, insula, and the parietal and precentral cortices. Conversely, activity increases were observed in lateral frontoparietal cortices, the anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and cuneus. Exploratory analyses indicated that both smokers and nonsmokers showed activity decreases in the vmPFC and PCC, and increases in lateral frontoparietal regions. Among smokers, both pharmacologic administration and cigarette smoking were associated with activity decreases in the vmPFC, PCC, and insula and increases in the lateral PFC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and cuneus. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support for the systems-level perspective that nAChR agonists suppress activity in default-mode network regions and enhance activity in executive control network regions in addition to reducing activation of some task-related regions. We speculate these are potential mechanisms by which nAChR agonists enhance cognition.
25662104	PMC4494985	10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.021	Neurobiological impact of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies	['Sutherland MT', 'Ray KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Yanes JA', 'Stein EA', 'Laird AR']	2015	11	15	Biol Psychiatry	78	10	711-20	BACKGROUND: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists augment cognition among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, yet the systems-level neurobiological mechanisms underlying such improvements are not fully understood. Aggregating neuroimaging results regarding nAChR agonists provides a means to identify common functional brain changes that may be related to procognitive drug effects. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies within the activation likelihood estimation framework. We identified published studies contrasting a nAChR drug condition versus a baseline and coded each contrast by activity change direction (decrease or increase), participant characteristics (smokers or nonsmokers), and drug manipulation employed (pharmacologic administration or cigarette smoking). RESULTS: When considering all studies, nAChR agonist administration was associated with activity decreases in multiple regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), parahippocampus, insula, and the parietal and precentral cortices. Conversely, activity increases were observed in lateral frontoparietal cortices, the anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and cuneus. Exploratory analyses indicated that both smokers and nonsmokers showed activity decreases in the vmPFC and PCC, and increases in lateral frontoparietal regions. Among smokers, both pharmacologic administration and cigarette smoking were associated with activity decreases in the vmPFC, PCC, and insula and increases in the lateral PFC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and cuneus. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support for the systems-level perspective that nAChR agonists suppress activity in default-mode network regions and enhance activity in executive control network regions in addition to reducing activation of some task-related regions. We speculate these are potential mechanisms by which nAChR agonists enhance cognition.
25692068	PMC4321681	10.1155/2015/783106	Functional activation and effective connectivity differences in adolescent marijuana users performing a simulated gambling task	['Acheson A', 'Ray KL', 'Hines CS', 'Li K', 'Dawes MA', 'Mathias CW', 'Dougherty DM', 'Laird AR']	2015	7	3	J Addict	2015		783106	"Background. Adolescent marijuana use is associated with structural and functional differences in forebrain regions while performing memory and attention tasks. In the present study, we investigated neural processing in adolescent marijuana users experiencing rewards and losses. Fourteen adolescents with frequent marijuana use (>5 uses per week) and 14 nonuser controls performed a computer task where they were required to guess the outcome of a simulated coin flip while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Results. Across all participants, ""Wins"" and ""Losses"" were associated with activations including cingulate, middle frontal, superior frontal, and inferior frontal gyri and declive activations. Relative to controls, users had greater activity in the middle and inferior frontal gyri, caudate, and claustrum during ""Wins"" and greater activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus, insula, claustrum, and declive during ""Losses."" Effective connectivity analyses revealed similar overall network interactions among these regions for users and controls during both ""Wins"" and ""Losses."" However, users and controls had significantly different causal interactions for 10 out of 28 individual paths during the ""Losses"" condition. Conclusions. Collectively, these results indicate adolescent marijuana users have enhanced neural responses to simulated monetary rewards and losses and relatively subtle differences in effective connectivity."
25733379	PMC4777354	10.1002/hbm.22777	Connectivity and functional profiling of abnormal brain structures in pedophilia	['Poeppl TB', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Rupprecht R', 'Langguth B', 'Bzdok D']	2015	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	36	6	2374-86	Despite its 0.5-1% lifetime prevalence in men and its general societal relevance, neuroimaging investigations in pedophilia are scarce. Preliminary findings indicate abnormal brain structure and function. However, no study has yet linked structural alterations in pedophiles to both connectional and functional properties of the aberrant hotspots. The relationship between morphological alterations and brain function in pedophilia as well as their contribution to its psychopathology thus remain unclear. First, we assessed bimodal connectivity of structurally altered candidate regions using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and resting-state correlations employing openly accessible data. We compared the ensuing connectivity maps to the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) maps of a recent quantitative meta-analysis of brain activity during processing of sexual stimuli. Second, we functionally characterized the structurally altered regions employing meta-data of a large-scale neuroimaging database. Candidate regions were functionally connected to key areas for processing of sexual stimuli. Moreover, we found that the functional role of structurally altered brain regions in pedophilia relates to nonsexual emotional as well as neurocognitive and executive functions, previously reported to be impaired in pedophiles. Our results suggest that structural brain alterations affect neural networks for sexual processing by way of disrupted functional connectivity, which may entail abnormal sexual arousal patterns. The findings moreover indicate that structural alterations account for common affective and neurocognitive impairments in pedophilia. The present multimodal integration of brain structure and function analyses links sexual and nonsexual psychopathology in pedophilia.
25742873	PMC4839527	10.1038/npp.2015.54	Reward Anticipation Is Differentially Modulated by Varenicline and Nicotine in Smokers	['Fedota JR', 'Sutherland MT', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Ross TJ', 'Hong LE', 'Stein EA']	2015	7	3	Neuropsychopharmacology	40	8	2038-46	Recidivism rates for cigarette smokers following treatment often exceed 80%. Varenicline is the most efficacious pharmacotherapy currently available with cessation rates of 25-35% following a year of treatment. Although the in vivo binding properties are well known, varenicline's neurobiological mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Varenicline acts as a nicotinic receptor partial agonist or antagonist depending on the presence or absence of nicotine and has been implicated in the reduction of reward signaling more broadly. The current study probed anticipatory reward processing using a revised monetary incentive delay task during fMRI in cohorts of smokers and non-smokers who completed a two-drug, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. All participants underwent ~17 days of order-balanced varenicline and placebo pill administration and were scanned under each condition wearing a transdermal nicotine or placebo patch. Consistent with nicotine's ability to enhance the rewarding properties of nondrug stimuli, acute nicotine administration enhanced activation in response to reward-predicting monetary cues in both smokers and non-smokers. In contrast, varenicline reduced gain magnitude processing, but did so only in smokers. These results suggest that varenicline's downregulation of anticipatory reward processing in smokers, in addition to its previously demonstrated reduction in the negative affect associated with withdrawal, independently and additively alter distinct brain circuits. These effects likely contribute to varenicline's efficacy as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.
25749860	PMC5558201	10.1007/s00429-015-1022-y	Modeling the effective connectivity of the visual network in healthy and photosensitive, epileptic baboons	['Akos Szabo C', 'Salinas FS', 'Li K', 'Franklin C', 'Leland MM', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Narayana S']	2016	5	3	Brain Struct Funct	221	4	2023-33	The baboon provides a model of photosensitive, generalized epilepsy. This study compares cerebral blood flow responses during intermittent light stimulation (ILS) between photosensitive (PS) and healthy control (CTL) baboons using H 2 (15) O-PET. We examined effective connectivity associated with visual stimulation in both groups using structural equation modeling (SEM). Eight PS and six CTL baboons, matched for age, gender and weight, were classified on the basis of scalp EEG findings performed during the neuroimaging studies. Five H 2 (15) O-PET studies were acquired alternating between resting and activation (ILS at 25 Hz) scans. PET images were acquired in 3D mode and co-registered with MRI. SEM demonstrated differences in neural connectivity between PS and CTL groups during ILS that were not previously identified using traditional activation analyses. First-level pathways consisted of similar posterior-to-anterior projections in both groups. While second-level pathways were mainly lateralized to the left hemisphere in the CTL group, they consisted of bilateral anterior-to-posterior projections in the PS baboons. Third- and fourth-level pathways were only evident in PS baboons. This is the first functional neuroimaging study used to model the photoparoxysmal response (PPR) using a primate model of photosensitive, generalized epilepsy. Evidence of increased interhemispheric connectivity and bidirectional feedback loops in the PS baboons represents electrophysiological synchronization associated with the generation of epileptic discharges. PS baboons demonstrated decreased model stability compared to controls, which may be attributed to greater variability in the driving response or PPRs, or to the influence of regions not included in the model.
25844318	PMC4375786	10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.018	Functional connectivity modeling of consistent cortico-striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease	['Dogan I', 'Eickhoff CR', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Schulz JB', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Reetz K']	2015	7	3	Neuroimage Clin	7		640-52	Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype. In a recent meta-analysis we identified core regions of consistent neurodegeneration in premanifest HD in the striatum and middle occipital gyrus (MOG). For early manifest HD convergent evidence of atrophy was most prominent in the striatum, motor cortex (M1) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ). The aim of the present study was to functionally characterize this topography of brain atrophy and to investigate differential connectivity patterns formed by consistent cortico-striatal atrophy regions in HD. Using areas of striatal and cortical atrophy at different disease stages as seeds, we performed task-free resting-state and task-based meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM). MACM utilizes the large data source of the BrainMap database and identifies significant areas of above-chance co-activation with the seed-region via the activation-likelihood-estimation approach. In order to delineate functional networks formed by cortical as well as striatal atrophy regions we computed the conjunction between the co-activation profiles of striatal and cortical seeds in the premanifest and manifest stages of HD, respectively. Functional characterization of the seeds was obtained using the behavioral meta-data of BrainMap. Cortico-striatal atrophy seeds of the premanifest stage of HD showed common co-activation with a rather cognitive network including the striatum, anterior insula, lateral prefrontal, premotor, supplementary motor and parietal regions. A similar but more pronounced co-activation pattern, additionally including the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamic nuclei was found with striatal and IFJ seeds at the manifest HD stage. The striatum and M1 were functionally connected mainly to premotor and sensorimotor areas, posterior insula, putamen and thalamus. Behavioral characterization of the seeds confirmed that experiments activating the MOG or IFJ in conjunction with the striatum were associated with cognitive functions, while the network formed by M1 and the striatum was driven by motor-related tasks. Thus, based on morphological changes in HD, we identified functionally distinct cortico-striatal networks resembling a cognitive and motor loop, which may be prone to early disruptions in different stages of the disease and underlie HD-related cognitive and motor symptom profiles. Our findings provide an important link between morphometrically defined seed-regions and corresponding functional circuits highlighting the functional and ensuing clinical relevance of structural damage in HD.
25982222	PMC4791192	10.1007/s00429-015-1060-5	Multimodal connectivity mapping of the human left anterior and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex	['Reid AT', 'Bzdok D', 'Langner R', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Amunts K', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Eickhoff CR']	2016	6	3	Brain Struct Funct	221	5	2589-605	Working memory is essential for many of our distinctly human abilities, including reasoning, problem solving, and planning. Research spanning many decades has helped to refine our understanding of this high-level function as comprising several hierarchically organized components, some which maintain information in the conscious mind, and others which manipulate and reorganize this information in useful ways. In the neocortex, these processes are likely implemented by a distributed frontoparietal network, with more posterior regions serving to maintain volatile information, and more anterior regions subserving the manipulation of this information. Recent meta-analytic findings have identified the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex, in particular, as being generally engaged by working memory tasks, while the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex was more strongly associated with the cognitive load required by these tasks. These findings suggest specific roles for these regions in the cognitive control processes underlying working memory. To further characterize these regions, we applied three distinct seed-based methods for determining cortical connectivity. Specifically, we employed meta-analytic connectivity mapping across task-based fMRI experiments, resting-state BOLD correlations, and VBM-based structural covariance. We found a frontoparietal pattern of convergence which strongly resembled the working memory networks identified in previous research. A contrast between anterior and posterior parts of the lateral prefrontal cortex revealed distinct connectivity patterns consistent with the idea of a hierarchical organization of frontoparietal networks. Moreover, we found a distributed network that was anticorrelated with the anterior seed region, which included most of the default mode network and a subcomponent related to social and emotional processing. These findings fit well with the internal attention model of working memory, in which representation of information is processed according to an anteroposterior gradient of abstract-to-concrete representations.
25998956	PMC4512917	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.008	Meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral parcellation of the human cerebellum	['Riedel MC', 'Ray KL', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Hernandez Z', 'Fox PM', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR']	2015	8	15	Neuroimage	117		327-42	The cerebellum historically has been thought to mediate motor and sensory signals between the body and cerebral cortex, yet cerebellar lesions are also associated with altered cognitive behavioral performance. Neuroimaging evidence indicates that the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of cognitive, perceptual, and motor functions. Here, we used the BrainMap database to investigate whole-brainco-activation patterns between cerebellar structures and regions of the cerebral cortex, as well as associations with behavioral tasks. Hierarchical clustering was performed to meta-analytically identify cerebellar structures with similar cortical co-activation, and independently, with similar correlations to specific behavioral tasks. Strong correspondences were observed in these separate but parallel analyses of meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral metadata. We recovered differential zones of cerebellar co-activation that are reflected across the literature. Furthermore, the behaviors and tasks associated with the different cerebellar zones provide insight into the specialized function of the cerebellum, relating to high-order cognition, emotion, perception, interoception, and action. Taken together, these task-basedmeta-analytic results implicate distinct zones of the cerebellum as critically involved in the monitoring and mediation of psychological responses to internal and external stimuli.
25998956	PMC4512917	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.008	Meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral parcellation of the human cerebellum	['Riedel MC', 'Ray KL', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Hernandez Z', 'Fox PM', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR']	2015	8	15	Neuroimage	117		327-42	The cerebellum historically has been thought to mediate motor and sensory signals between the body and cerebral cortex, yet cerebellar lesions are also associated with altered cognitive behavioral performance. Neuroimaging evidence indicates that the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of cognitive, perceptual, and motor functions. Here, we used the BrainMap database to investigate whole-brainco-activation patterns between cerebellar structures and regions of the cerebral cortex, as well as associations with behavioral tasks. Hierarchical clustering was performed to meta-analytically identify cerebellar structures with similar cortical co-activation, and independently, with similar correlations to specific behavioral tasks. Strong correspondences were observed in these separate but parallel analyses of meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral metadata. We recovered differential zones of cerebellar co-activation that are reflected across the literature. Furthermore, the behaviors and tasks associated with the different cerebellar zones provide insight into the specialized function of the cerebellum, relating to high-order cognition, emotion, perception, interoception, and action. Taken together, these task-basedmeta-analytic results implicate distinct zones of the cerebellum as critically involved in the monitoring and mediation of psychological responses to internal and external stimuli.
26093327	PMC4564321	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.044	Neural architecture underlying classification of face perception paradigms	['Laird AR', 'Riedel MC', 'Sutherland MT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Ray KL', 'Uecker AM', 'Fox PM', 'Turner JA', 'Fox PT']	2015	10	1	Neuroimage	119		70-80	We present a novel strategy for deriving a classification system of functional neuroimaging paradigms that relies on hierarchical clustering of experiments archived in the BrainMap database. The goal of our proof-of-concept application was to examine the underlying neural architecture of the face perception literature from a meta-analytic perspective, as these studies include a wide range of tasks. Task-based results exhibiting similar activation patterns were grouped as similar, while tasks activating different brain networks were classified as functionally distinct. We identified four sub-classes of face tasks: (1) Visuospatial Attention and Visuomotor Coordination to Faces, (2) Perception and Recognition of Faces, (3) Social Processing and Episodic Recall of Faces, and (4) Face Naming and Lexical Retrieval. Interpretation of these sub-classes supports an extension of a well-known model of face perception to include a core system for visual analysis and extended systems for personal information, emotion, and salience processing. Overall, these results demonstrate that a large-scale data mining approach can inform the evolution of theoretical cognitive models by probing the range of behavioral manipulations across experimental tasks.
26093327	PMC4564321	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.044	Neural architecture underlying classification of face perception paradigms	['Laird AR', 'Riedel MC', 'Sutherland MT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Ray KL', 'Uecker AM', 'Fox PM', 'Turner JA', 'Fox PT']	2015	10	1	Neuroimage	119		70-80	We present a novel strategy for deriving a classification system of functional neuroimaging paradigms that relies on hierarchical clustering of experiments archived in the BrainMap database. The goal of our proof-of-concept application was to examine the underlying neural architecture of the face perception literature from a meta-analytic perspective, as these studies include a wide range of tasks. Task-based results exhibiting similar activation patterns were grouped as similar, while tasks activating different brain networks were classified as functionally distinct. We identified four sub-classes of face tasks: (1) Visuospatial Attention and Visuomotor Coordination to Faces, (2) Perception and Recognition of Faces, (3) Social Processing and Episodic Recall of Faces, and (4) Face Naming and Lexical Retrieval. Interpretation of these sub-classes supports an extension of a well-known model of face perception to include a core system for visual analysis and extended systems for personal information, emotion, and salience processing. Overall, these results demonstrate that a large-scale data mining approach can inform the evolution of theoretical cognitive models by probing the range of behavioral manipulations across experimental tasks.
26231246		10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.060	ANIMA: A data-sharing initiative for neuroimaging meta-analyses	['Reid AT', 'Bzdok D', 'Genon S', 'Langner R', 'Muller VI', 'Eickhoff CR', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Cieslik EC', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Amunts K', 'Caspers S', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	1	1	Neuroimage	124	Pt B	1245-1253	Meta-analytic techniques allow cognitive neuroscientists to pool large amounts of data across many individual task-based functional neuroimaging experiments. These methods have been aided by the introduction of online databases such as Brainmap.org or Neurosynth.org, which collate peak activation coordinates obtained from thousands of published studies. Findings from meta-analytic studies typically include brain regions which are consistently activated across studies for specific contrasts, investigating cognitive or clinical hypotheses. These regions can be subsequently used as the basis for seed-based connectivity analysis, or formally compared to neuroimaging data in order to help interpret new findings. To facilitate such approaches, we have developed a new online repository of meta-analytic neuroimaging results, named the Archive of Neuroimaging Meta-analyses (ANIMA). The ANIMA platform consists of an intuitive online interface for querying, downloading, and contributing data from published meta-analytic studies. Additionally, to aid the process of organizing, visualizing, and working with these data, we present an open-source desktop application called Volume Viewer. Volume Viewer allows users to easily arrange imaging data into composite stacks, and save these sessions as individual files, which can also be uploaded to the ANIMA database. The application also allows users to perform basic functions, such as computing conjunctions between images, or extracting regions-of-interest or peak coordinates for further analysis. The introduction of this new resource will enhance the ability of researchers to both share their findings and incorporate existing meta-analytic results into their own research.
26254112	PMC4626376	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.072	Co-activation based parcellation of the human frontal pole	['Ray KL', 'Zald DH', 'Bludau S', 'Riedel MC', 'Bzdok D', 'Yanes J', 'Falcone KE', 'Amunts K', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR']	2015	12	3	Neuroimage	123		200-11	Historically, the human frontal pole (FP) has been considered as a single architectonic area. Brodmann's area 10 is located in the frontal lobe with known contributions in the execution of various higher order cognitive processes. However, recent cytoarchitectural studies of the FP in humans have shown that this portion of cortex contains two distinct cytoarchitectonic regions. Since architectonic differences are accompanied by differential connectivity and functions, the frontal pole qualifies as a candidate region for exploratory parcellation into functionally discrete sub-regions. We investigated whether this functional heterogeneity is reflected in distinct segregations within cytoarchitectonically defined FP-areas using meta-analytic co-activation based parcellation (CBP). The CBP method examined the co-activation patterns of all voxels within the FP as reported in functional neuroimaging studies archived in the BrainMap database. Voxels within the FP were subsequently clustered into sub-regions based on the similarity of their respective meta-analytically derived co-activation maps. Performing this CBP analysis on the FP via k-means clustering produced a distinct 3-cluster parcellation for each hemisphere corresponding to previously identified cytoarchitectural differences. Post-hoc functional characterization of clusters via BrainMap metadata revealed that lateral regions of the FP mapped to memory and emotion domains, while the dorso- and ventromedial clusters were associated broadly with emotion and social cognition processes. Furthermore, the dorsomedial regions contain an emphasis on theory of mind and affective related paradigms whereas ventromedial regions couple with reward tasks. Results from this study support previous segregations of the FP and provide meta-analytic contributions to the ongoing discussion of elucidating functional architecture within human FP.
26750447		10.1111/desc.12400	Functional connectivity of brain regions for self- and other-evaluation in children, adolescents and adults with autism	['Burrows CA', 'Laird AR', 'Uddin LQ']	2016	7	3	Dev Sci	19	4	564-80	Developing strong ties between oneself and others lays the foundation for developing social competence. Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified specific cortical midline regions activated during evaluative judgments about the self and others. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process self-relevant information differently from their peers, both behaviorally and at the neural level. We compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of regions involved in self-referential (e.g. medial prefrontal cortex; mPFC) and other-referential (e.g. posterior cingulate cortex; PCC) processing between neurotypical individuals and individuals with ASD in three age cohorts using regions of interest (ROIs) identified through an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Typically developing children demonstrated greater connectivity within the midline self- and other-referential networks compared with age-matched children with ASD. No group differences in rsFC of mPFC or PCC emerged between typically developing adolescents and adolescents with ASD. Neurotypical adults exhibited stronger rsFC of the PCC with orbitofrontal cortex compared with adults with ASD. Developmental differences in functional connectivity between areas underlying self- and other-referential thought may explain altered developmental trajectories in the understanding of self and others in individuals with ASD.
27039344	PMC5103027	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.026	Structural and functional neural adaptations in obstructive sleep apnea: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis	['Tahmasian M', 'Rosenzweig I', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Sepehry AA', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Morrell MJ', 'Khazaie H', 'Eickhoff CR']	2016	6	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	65		142-56	Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common multisystem chronic disorder. Functional and structural neuroimaging has been widely applied in patients with OSA, but these studies have often yielded diverse results. The present quantitative meta-analysis aims to identify consistent patterns of abnormal activation and grey matter loss in OSA across studies. We used PubMed to retrieve task/resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry studies. Stereotactic data were extracted from fifteen studies, and subsequently tested for convergence using activation likelihood estimation. We found convergent evidence for structural atrophy and functional disturbances in the right basolateral amygdala/hippocampus and the right central insula. Functional characterization of these regions using the BrainMap database suggested associated dysfunction of emotional, sensory, and limbic processes. Assessment of task-based co-activation patterns furthermore indicated that the two regions obtained from the meta-analysis are part of a joint network comprising the anterior insula, posterior-medial frontal cortex and thalamus. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of right amygdala, hippocampus and insula in the abnormal emotional and sensory processing in OSA.
27090056	PMC6867503	10.1002/hbm.23217	Imbalance in subregional connectivity of the right temporoparietal junction in major depression	['Poeppl TB', 'Muller VI', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Bzdok D', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Langguth B', 'Rupprecht R', 'Sorg C', 'Riedl V', 'Goya-Maldonado R', 'Gruber O', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	8	3	Hum Brain Mapp	37	8	2931-42	Major depressive disorder (MDD) involves impairment in cognitive and interpersonal functioning. The right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) is a key brain region subserving cognitive-attentional and social processes. Yet, findings on the involvement of the RTPJ in the pathophysiology of MDD have so far been controversial. Recent connectivity-based parcellation data revealed a topofunctional dualism within the RTPJ, linking its anterior and posterior part (aRTPJ/pRTPJ) to antagonistic brain networks for attentional and social processing, respectively. Comparing functional resting-state connectivity of the aRTPJ and pRTPJ in 72 MDD patients and 76 well-matched healthy controls, we found a seed (aRTPJ/pRTPJ) x diagnosis (MDD/controls) interaction in functional connectivity for eight regions. Employing meta-data from a large-scale neuroimaging database, functional characterization of these regions exhibiting differentially altered connectivity with the aRTPJ/pRTPJ revealed associations with cognitive (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parahippocampus) and behavioral (posterior medial frontal cortex) control, visuospatial processing (dorsal visual cortex), reward (subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex), as well as memory retrieval and social cognition (precuneus). These findings suggest that an imbalance in connectivity of subregions, rather than disturbed connectivity of the RTPJ as a whole, characterizes the connectional disruption of the RTPJ in MDD. This imbalance may account for key symptoms of MDD in cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2931-2942, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27179606	PMC4981641	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.072	Behavior, sensitivity, and power of activation likelihood estimation characterized by massive empirical simulation	['Eickhoff SB', 'Nichols TE', 'Laird AR', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Amunts K', 'Fox PT', 'Bzdok D', 'Eickhoff CR']	2016	8	15	Neuroimage	137		70-85	Given the increasing number of neuroimaging publications, the automated knowledge extraction on brain-behavior associations by quantitative meta-analyses has become a highly important and rapidly growing field of research. Among several methods to perform coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analyses, Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) has been widely adopted. In this paper, we addressed two pressing questions related to ALE meta-analysis: i) Which thresholding method is most appropriate to perform statistical inference? ii) Which sample size, i.e., number of experiments, is needed to perform robust meta-analyses? We provided quantitative answers to these questions by simulating more than 120,000 meta-analysis datasets using empirical parameters (i.e., number of subjects, number of reported foci, distribution of activation foci) derived from the BrainMap database. This allowed to characterize the behavior of ALE analyses, to derive first power estimates for neuroimaging meta-analyses, and to thus formulate recommendations for future ALE studies. We could show as a first consequence that cluster-level family-wise error (FWE) correction represents the most appropriate method for statistical inference, while voxel-level FWE correction is valid but more conservative. In contrast, uncorrected inference and false-discovery rate correction should be avoided. As a second consequence, researchers should aim to include at least 20 experiments into an ALE meta-analysis to achieve sufficient power for moderate effects. We would like to note, though, that these calculations and recommendations are specific to ALE and may not be extrapolated to other approaches for (neuroimaging) meta-analysis.
27211526	PMC5003685	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.012	Different involvement of subregions within dorsal premotor and medial frontal cortex for pro- and antisaccades	['Cieslik EC', 'Seidler I', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	68		256-269	The antisaccade task has been widely used to investigate cognitive action control. While the general network for saccadic eye movements is well defined, the exact location of eye fields within the frontal cortex strongly varies between studies. It is unknown whether this inconsistency reflects spatial uncertainty or is the result of different involvement of subregions for specific aspects of eye movement control. The aim of the present study was to examine functional differentiations within the frontal cortex by integrating results from neuroimaging studies analyzing pro- and antisaccade behavior using meta-analyses. The results provide evidence for a differential functional specialization of neighboring oculomotor frontal regions, with lateral frontal eye fields (FEF) and supplementary eye field (SEF) more often involved in prosaccades while medial FEF and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) revealed consistent stronger involvement for antisaccades. This dissociation was furthermore mirrored by functional connectivity analyses showing that the lateral FEF and SEF are embedded in a motor output network, while medial FEF and aMCC are integrated in a multiple demand network.
27230218	PMC4961028	10.1093/cercor/bhw157	The Human Brainnetome Atlas: A New Brain Atlas Based on Connectional Architecture	['Fan L', 'Li H', 'Zhuo J', 'Zhang Y', 'Wang J', 'Chen L', 'Yang Z', 'Chu C', 'Xie S', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Yu C', 'Jiang T']	2016	8	3	Cereb Cortex	26	8	3508-26	The human brain atlases that allow correlating brain anatomy with psychological and cognitive functions are in transition from ex vivo histology-based printed atlases to digital brain maps providing multimodal in vivo information. Many current human brain atlases cover only specific structures, lack fine-grained parcellations, and fail to provide functionally important connectivity information. Using noninvasive multimodal neuroimaging techniques, we designed a connectivity-based parcellation framework that identifies the subdivisions of the entire human brain, revealing the in vivo connectivity architecture. The resulting human Brainnetome Atlas, with 210 cortical and 36 subcortical subregions, provides a fine-grained, cross-validated atlas and contains information on both anatomical and functional connections. Additionally, we further mapped the delineated structures to mental processes by reference to the BrainMap database. It thus provides an objective and stable starting point from which to explore the complex relationships between structure, connectivity, and function, and eventually improves understanding of how the human brain works. The human Brainnetome Atlas will be made freely available for download at http://atlas.brainnetome.org, so that whole brain parcellations, connections, and functional data will be readily available for researchers to use in their investigations into healthy and pathological states.
27241201	PMC5441272	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.024	Left inferior parietal lobe engagement in social cognition and language	['Bzdok D', 'Hartwigsen G', 'Reid A', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	68		319-334	Social cognition and language are two core features of the human species. Despite distributed recruitment of brain regions in each mental capacity, the left parietal lobe (LPL) represents a zone of topographical convergence. The present study quantitatively summarizes hundreds of neuroimaging studies on social cognition and language. Using connectivity-based parcellation on a meta-analytically defined volume of interest (VOI), regional coactivation patterns within this VOI allowed identifying distinct subregions. Across parcellation solutions, two clusters emerged consistently in rostro-ventral and caudo-ventral aspects of the parietal VOI. Both clusters were functionally significantly associated with social-cognitive and language processing. In particular, the rostro-ventral cluster was associated with lower-level processing facets, while the caudo-ventral cluster was associated with higher-level processing facets in both mental capacities. Contrarily, in the (less stable) dorsal parietal VOI, all clusters reflected computation of general-purpose processes, such as working memory and matching tasks, that are frequently co-recruited by social or language processes. Our results hence favour a rostro-caudal distinction of lower- versus higher-level processes underlying social cognition and language in the left inferior parietal lobe.
27251183	PMC4890474	10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5	Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations	['Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Flannery JS', 'Yanes JA', 'Fox PT', 'Stein EA', 'Laird AR']	2016	6	2	Behav Brain Funct	12	1	16	BACKGROUND: Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn, contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with regional brain atrophy and poorer cognition. However, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing smokers versus nonsmokers have been inconsistent and measures of gray matter possess limited ability to inform functional relations or behavioral implications. The purpose of this study was to address these interpretational challenges through meta-analytic techniques in the service of clarifying the impact of chronic smoking on gray matter integrity and more fully contextualizing such structural alterations. METHODS: We first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural MRI studies to identify consistent structural alterations associated with chronic smoking. Subsequently, we conducted two additional meta-analytic assessments to enhance insight into potential functional and behavioral relations. Specifically, we performed a multimodal meta-analytic assessment to test the structural-functional hypothesis that smoking-related structural alterations overlapped those same regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Finally, we employed database driven tools to identify pairs of structurally impacted regions that were also functionally related via meta-analytic connectivity modeling, and then delineated behavioral phenomena associated with such functional interactions via behavioral decoding. RESULTS: Across studies, smoking was associated with convergent structural decreases in the left insula, right cerebellum, parahippocampus, multiple prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions, and the thalamus. Indicating a structural-functional relation, we observed that smoking-related gray matter decreases overlapped with the acute functional effects of nicotinic agonist administration in the left insula, ventromedial PFC, and mediodorsal thalamus. Suggesting structural-behavioral implications, we observed that the left insula's task-based, functional interactions with multiple other structurally impacted regions were linked with pain perception, the right cerebellum's interactions with other regions were associated with overt body movements, interactions between the parahippocampus and thalamus were linked with memory processes, and interactions between medial PFC regions were associated with face processing. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings emphasize brain regions (e.g., ventromedial PFC, insula, thalamus) critically linked with cigarette smoking, suggest neuroimaging paradigms warranting additional consideration among smokers (e.g., pain processing), and highlight regions in need of further elucidation in addiction (e.g., cerebellum).
27251183	PMC4890474	10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5	Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations	['Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Flannery JS', 'Yanes JA', 'Fox PT', 'Stein EA', 'Laird AR']	2016	6	2	Behav Brain Funct	12	1	16	BACKGROUND: Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn, contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with regional brain atrophy and poorer cognition. However, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing smokers versus nonsmokers have been inconsistent and measures of gray matter possess limited ability to inform functional relations or behavioral implications. The purpose of this study was to address these interpretational challenges through meta-analytic techniques in the service of clarifying the impact of chronic smoking on gray matter integrity and more fully contextualizing such structural alterations. METHODS: We first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural MRI studies to identify consistent structural alterations associated with chronic smoking. Subsequently, we conducted two additional meta-analytic assessments to enhance insight into potential functional and behavioral relations. Specifically, we performed a multimodal meta-analytic assessment to test the structural-functional hypothesis that smoking-related structural alterations overlapped those same regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Finally, we employed database driven tools to identify pairs of structurally impacted regions that were also functionally related via meta-analytic connectivity modeling, and then delineated behavioral phenomena associated with such functional interactions via behavioral decoding. RESULTS: Across studies, smoking was associated with convergent structural decreases in the left insula, right cerebellum, parahippocampus, multiple prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions, and the thalamus. Indicating a structural-functional relation, we observed that smoking-related gray matter decreases overlapped with the acute functional effects of nicotinic agonist administration in the left insula, ventromedial PFC, and mediodorsal thalamus. Suggesting structural-behavioral implications, we observed that the left insula's task-based, functional interactions with multiple other structurally impacted regions were linked with pain perception, the right cerebellum's interactions with other regions were associated with overt body movements, interactions between the parahippocampus and thalamus were linked with memory processes, and interactions between medial PFC regions were associated with face processing. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings emphasize brain regions (e.g., ventromedial PFC, insula, thalamus) critically linked with cigarette smoking, suggest neuroimaging paradigms warranting additional consideration among smokers (e.g., pain processing), and highlight regions in need of further elucidation in addiction (e.g., cerebellum).
27339689	PMC5003731	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.025	A neural circuit encoding sexual preference in humans	['Poeppl TB', 'Langguth B', 'Rupprecht R', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	68		530-536	Sexual preference determines mate choice for reproduction and hence guarantees conservation of species in mammals. Despite this fundamental role in human behavior, current knowledge on its target-specific neurofunctional substrate is based on lesion studies and therefore limited. We used meta-analytic remodeling of neuroimaging data from 364 human subjects with diverse sexual interests during sexual stimulation to quantify neural regions associated with sexual preference manipulations. We found that sexual preference is encoded by four phylogenetically old, subcortical brain structures. More specifically, sexual preference is controlled by the anterior and preoptic area of the hypothalamus, the anterior and mediodorsal thalamus, the septal area, and the perirhinal parahippocampus including the dentate gyrus. In contrast, sexual non-preference is regulated by the substantia innominata. We anticipate the identification of a core neural circuit for sexual preferences to be a starting point for further sophisticated investigations into the neural principles of sexual behavior and particularly of its aberrations.
27372336	PMC5205581	10.1007/s00429-016-1264-3	A seed-based cross-modal comparison of brain connectivity measures	['Reid AT', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Gong G', 'Laird AR', 'Fox P', 'Evans AC', 'Amunts K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2017	4	3	Brain Struct Funct	222	3	1131-1151	"Human neuroimaging methods have provided a number of means by which the connectivity structure of the human brain can be inferred. For instance, correlations in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal time series are commonly used to make inferences about ""functional connectivity."" Correlations across samples in structural morphometric measures, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM) or cortical thickness (CT), have also been used to estimate connectivity, putatively through mutually trophic effects on connected brain areas. In this study, we have compared seed-based connectivity estimates obtained from four common correlational approaches: resting-state functional connectivity (RS-fMRI), meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), VBM correlations, and CT correlations. We found that the two functional approaches (RS-fMRI and MACM) had the best agreement. While the two structural approaches (CT and VBM) had better-than-random convergence, they were no more similar to each other than to the functional approaches. The degree of correspondence between modalities varied considerably across seed regions, and also depended on the threshold applied to the connectivity distribution. These results demonstrate some degrees of similarity between connectivity inferred from structural and functional covariances, particularly for the most robust functionally connected regions (e.g., the default mode network). However, they also caution that these measures likely capture very different aspects of brain structure and function."
27378909	PMC4905965	10.3389/fnagi.2016.00137	Progressive Bidirectional Age-Related Changes in Default Mode Network Effective Connectivity across Six Decades	['Li K', 'Laird AR', 'Price LR', 'McKay DR', 'Blangero J', 'Glahn DC', 'Fox PT']	2016	7	3	Front Aging Neurosci	8		137	The default mode network (DMN) is a set of regions that is tonically engaged during the resting state and exhibits task-related deactivation that is readily reproducible across a wide range of paradigms and modalities. The DMN has been implicated in numerous disorders of cognition and, in particular, in disorders exhibiting age-related cognitive decline. Despite these observations, investigations of the DMN in normal aging are scant. Here, we used blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquired during rest to investigate age-related changes in functional connectivity of the DMN in 120 healthy normal volunteers comprising six, 20-subject, decade cohorts (from 20-29 to 70-79). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess age-related changes in inter-regional connectivity within the DMN. SEM was applied both using a previously published, meta-analytically derived, node-and-edge model, and using exploratory modeling searching for connections that optimized model fit improvement. Although the two models were highly similar (only 3 of 13 paths differed), the sample demonstrated significantly better fit with the exploratory model. For this reason, the exploratory model was used to assess age-related changes across the decade cohorts. Progressive, highly significant changes in path weights were found in 8 (of 13) paths: four rising, and four falling (most changes were significant by the third or fourth decade). In all cases, rising paths and falling paths projected in pairs onto the same nodes, suggesting compensatory increases associated with age-related decreases. This study demonstrates that age-related changes in DMN physiology (inter-regional connectivity) are bidirectional, progressive, of early onset and part of normal aging.
27511454	PMC5323082	10.1002/hbm.23342	Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: Description and recommendations	['Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PM', 'Lancaster JL', 'Fox PT']	2017	1	3	Hum Brain Mapp	38	1	7-11	Neuroscience imaging is a burgeoning, highly sophisticated field the growth of which has been fostered by grant-funded, freely distributed software libraries that perform voxel-wise analyses in anatomically standardized three-dimensional space on multi-subject, whole-brain, primary datasets. Despite the ongoing advances made using these non-commercial computational tools, the replicability of individual studies is an acknowledged limitation. Coordinate-based meta-analysis offers a practical solution to this limitation and, consequently, plays an important role in filtering and consolidating the enormous corpus of functional and structural neuroimaging results reported in the peer-reviewed literature. In both primary data and meta-analytic neuroimaging analyses, correction for multiple comparisons is a complex but critical step for ensuring statistical rigor. Reports of errors in multiple-comparison corrections in primary-data analyses have recently appeared. Here, we report two such errors in GingerALE, a widely used, US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded, freely distributed software package for coordinate-based meta-analysis. These errors have given rise to published reports with more liberal statistical inferences than were specified by the authors. The intent of this technical report is threefold. First, we inform authors who used GingerALE of these errors so that they can take appropriate actions including re-analyses and corrective publications. Second, we seek to exemplify and promote an open approach to error management. Third, we discuss the implications of these and similar errors in a scientific environment dependent on third-party software. Hum Brain Mapp 38:7-11, 2017. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27569542	PMC5108674	10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.014	Functional Decoding and Meta-analytic Connectivity Modeling in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	"['Cortese S', 'Castellanos FX', 'Eickhoff CR', ""D'Acunto G"", 'Masi G', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']"	2016	12	15	Biol Psychiatry	80	12	896-904	BACKGROUND: Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have revealed various ADHD-related dysfunctional brain regions, with heterogeneous findings across studies. Here, we used novel meta-analytic data-driven approaches to characterize the function and connectivity profile of ADHD-related dysfunctional regions consistently detected across studies. METHODS: We first conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 24 task-based fMRI studies in adults with ADHD. Each ADHD-related dysfunctional region resulting from the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was then analyzed using functional decoding based on ~7500 fMRI experiments in the BrainMap database. This approach allows mapping brain regions to functions not necessarily tested in individual studies, thus suggesting possible novel functions for those regions. Additionally, ADHD-related dysfunctional regions were clustered based on their functional coactivation profiles across all the experiments stored in BrainMap (meta-analytic connectivity modeling). RESULTS: ADHD-related hypoactivation was found in the left putamen, left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), left temporal pole, and right caudate. Functional decoding mapped the left putamen to cognitive aspects of music perception/reproduction and the left temporal lobe to language semantics; both these regions clustered together on the basis of their meta-analytic functional connectivity. Left inferior gyrus mapped to executive function tasks; right caudate mapped to both executive function tasks and music-related processes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides meta-analytic support to the hypothesis that, in addition to well-known deficits in typical executive functions, impairment in processes related to music perception/reproduction and language semantics may be involved in the pathophysiology of adult ADHD.
27742561	PMC5123903	10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.10.001	The neural basis of sex differences in sexual behavior: A quantitative meta-analysis	['Poeppl TB', 'Langguth B', 'Rupprecht R', 'Safron A', 'Bzdok D', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']	2016	10	3	Front Neuroendocrinol	43		28-43	Sexuality as to its etymology presupposes the duality of sexes. Using quantitative neuroimaging meta-analyses, we demonstrate robust sex differences in the neural processing of sexual stimuli in thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia. In a narrative review, we show how these relate to the well-established sex differences on the behavioral level. More specifically, we describe the neural bases of known poor agreement between self-reported and genital measures of female sexual arousal, of previously proposed male proneness to affective sexual conditioning, as well as hints of unconscious activation of bonding mechanisms during sexual stimulation in women. In summary, our meta-analytic review demonstrates that neurofunctional sex differences during sexual stimulation can account for well-established sex differences in sexual behavior.
27829086	PMC5293141	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2783	Altered Brain Activity in Unipolar Depression Revisited: Meta-analyses of Neuroimaging Studies	['Muller VI', 'Cieslik EC', 'Serbanescu I', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB']	2017	1	1	JAMA Psychiatry	74	1	47-55	IMPORTANCE: During the past 20 years, numerous neuroimaging experiments have investigated aberrant brain activation during cognitive and emotional processing in patients with unipolar depression (UD). The results of those investigations, however, vary considerably; moreover, previous meta-analyses also yielded inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVE: To readdress aberrant brain activation in UD as evidenced by neuroimaging experiments on cognitive and/or emotional processing. DATA SOURCES: Neuroimaging experiments published from January 1, 1997, to October 1, 2015, were identified by a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using different combinations of the terms fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), PET (positron emission tomography), neural, major depression, depression, major depressive disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymia, emotion, emotional, affective, cognitive, task, memory, working memory, inhibition, control, n-back, and Stroop. STUDY SELECTION: Neuroimaging experiments (using fMRI or PET) reporting whole-brain results of group comparisons between adults with UD and healthy control individuals as coordinates in a standard anatomic reference space and using an emotional or/and cognitive challenging task were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Coordinates reported to show significant activation differences between UD and healthy controls during emotional or cognitive processing were extracted. By using the revised activation likelihood estimation algorithm, different meta-analyses were calculated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Meta-analyses tested for brain regions consistently found to show aberrant brain activation in UD compared with controls. Analyses were calculated across all emotional processing experiments, all cognitive processing experiments, positive emotion processing, negative emotion processing, experiments using emotional face stimuli, experiments with a sex discrimination task, and memory processing. All meta-analyses were calculated across experiments independent of reporting an increase or decrease of activity in major depressive disorder. For meta-analyses with a minimum of 17 experiments available, separate analyses were performed for increases and decreases. RESULTS: In total, 57 studies with 99 individual neuroimaging experiments comprising in total 1058 patients were included; 34 of them tested cognitive and 65 emotional processing. Overall analyses across cognitive processing experiments (P > .29) and across emotional processing experiments (P > .47) revealed no significant results. Similarly, no convergence was found in analyses investigating positive (all P > .15), negative (all P > .76), or memory (all P > .48) processes. Analyses that restricted inclusion of confounds (eg, medication, comorbidity, age) did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Inconsistencies exist across individual experiments investigating aberrant brain activity in UD and replication problems across previous neuroimaging meta-analyses. For individual experiments, these inconsistencies may relate to use of uncorrected inference procedures, differences in experimental design and contrasts, or heterogeneous clinical populations; meta-analytically, differences may be attributable to varying inclusion and exclusion criteria or rather liberal statistical inference approaches.
28213119	PMC5555826	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.034	The heterogeneity of the left dorsal premotor cortex evidenced by multimodal connectivity-based parcellation and functional characterization	['Genon S', 'Reid A', 'Li H', 'Fan L', 'Muller VI', 'Cieslik EC', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Langner R', 'Grefkes C', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Jiang T', 'Amunts K', 'Eickhoff SB']	2018	4	15	Neuroimage	170		400-411	Despite the common conception of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) as a single brain region, its diverse connectivity profiles and behavioral heterogeneity argue for a differentiated organization of the PMd. A previous study revealed that the right PMd is characterized by a rostro-caudal and a ventro-dorsal distinction dividing it into five subregions: rostral, central, caudal, ventral and dorsal. The present study assessed whether a similar organization is present in the left hemisphere, by capitalizing on a multimodal data-driven approach combining connectivity-based parcellation (CBP) based on meta-analytic modeling, resting-state functional connectivity, and probabilistic diffusion tractography. The resulting PMd modules were then characterized based on multimodal functional connectivity and a quantitative analysis of associated behavioral functions. Analyzing the clusters consistent across all modalities revealed an organization of the left PMd that mirrored its right counterpart to a large degree. Again, caudal, central and rostral modules reflected a cognitive-motor gradient and a premotor eye-field was found in the ventral part of the left PMd. In addition, a distinct module linked to abstract cognitive functions was observed in the rostro-ventral left PMd across all CBP modalities, implying greater differentiation of higher cognitive functions for the left than the right PMd.
28222386	PMC5408583	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.037	Heterogeneous fractionation profiles of meta-analytic coactivation networks	['Laird AR', 'Riedel MC', 'Okoe M', 'Jianu R', 'Ray KL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Smith SM', 'Fox PT', 'Sutherland MT']	2017	4	1	Neuroimage	149		424-435	"Computational cognitive neuroimaging approaches can be leveraged to characterize the hierarchical organization of distributed, functionally specialized networks in the human brain. To this end, we performed large-scale mining across the BrainMap database of coordinate-based activation locations from over 10,000 task-based experiments. Meta-analytic coactivation networks were identified by jointly applying independent component analysis (ICA) and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) across a wide range of model orders (i.e., d=20-300). We then iteratively computed pairwise correlation coefficients for consecutive model orders to compare spatial network topologies, ultimately yielding fractionation profiles delineating how ""parent"" functional brain systems decompose into constituent ""child"" sub-networks. Fractionation profiles differed dramatically across canonical networks: some exhibited complex and extensive fractionation into a large number of sub-networks across the full range of model orders, whereas others exhibited little to no decomposition as model order increased. Hierarchical clustering was applied to evaluate this heterogeneity, yielding three distinct groups of network fractionation profiles: high, moderate, and low fractionation. BrainMap-based functional decoding of resultant coactivation networks revealed a multi-domain association regardless of fractionation complexity. Rather than emphasize a cognitive-motor-perceptual gradient, these outcomes suggest the importance of inter-lobar connectivity in functional brain organization. We conclude that high fractionation networks are complex and comprised of many constituent sub-networks reflecting long-range, inter-lobar connectivity, particularly in fronto-parietal regions. In contrast, low fractionation networks may reflect persistent and stable networks that are more internally coherent and exhibit reduced inter-lobar communication."
28222386	PMC5408583	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.037	Heterogeneous fractionation profiles of meta-analytic coactivation networks	['Laird AR', 'Riedel MC', 'Okoe M', 'Jianu R', 'Ray KL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Smith SM', 'Fox PT', 'Sutherland MT']	2017	4	1	Neuroimage	149		424-435	"Computational cognitive neuroimaging approaches can be leveraged to characterize the hierarchical organization of distributed, functionally specialized networks in the human brain. To this end, we performed large-scale mining across the BrainMap database of coordinate-based activation locations from over 10,000 task-based experiments. Meta-analytic coactivation networks were identified by jointly applying independent component analysis (ICA) and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) across a wide range of model orders (i.e., d=20-300). We then iteratively computed pairwise correlation coefficients for consecutive model orders to compare spatial network topologies, ultimately yielding fractionation profiles delineating how ""parent"" functional brain systems decompose into constituent ""child"" sub-networks. Fractionation profiles differed dramatically across canonical networks: some exhibited complex and extensive fractionation into a large number of sub-networks across the full range of model orders, whereas others exhibited little to no decomposition as model order increased. Hierarchical clustering was applied to evaluate this heterogeneity, yielding three distinct groups of network fractionation profiles: high, moderate, and low fractionation. BrainMap-based functional decoding of resultant coactivation networks revealed a multi-domain association regardless of fractionation complexity. Rather than emphasize a cognitive-motor-perceptual gradient, these outcomes suggest the importance of inter-lobar connectivity in functional brain organization. We conclude that high fractionation networks are complex and comprised of many constituent sub-networks reflecting long-range, inter-lobar connectivity, particularly in fronto-parietal regions. In contrast, low fractionation networks may reflect persistent and stable networks that are more internally coherent and exhibit reduced inter-lobar communication."
28403383	PMC5539833	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0400	Neural Signatures of Cognitive Flexibility and Reward Sensitivity Following Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in Dependent Smokers: A Randomized Trial	['Lesage E', 'Aronson SE', 'Sutherland MT', 'Ross TJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Stein EA']	2017	6	1	JAMA Psychiatry	74	6	632-640	IMPORTANCE: Withdrawal from nicotine is an important contributor to smoking relapse. Understanding how reward-based decision making is affected by abstinence and by pharmacotherapies such as nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline tartrate may aid cessation treatment. OBJECTIVE: To independently assess the effects of nicotine dependence and stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the ability to interpret valence information (reward sensitivity) and subsequently alter behavior as reward contingencies change (cognitive flexibility) in a probabilistic reversal learning task. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Nicotine-dependent smokers and nonsmokers completed a probabilistic reversal learning task during acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a 2-drug, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design conducted from January 21, 2009, to September 29, 2011. Smokers were abstinent from cigarette smoking for 12 hours for all sessions. In a fully Latin square fashion, participants in both groups underwent MRI twice while receiving varenicline and twice while receiving a placebo pill, wearing either a nicotine or a placebo patch. Imaging analysis was performed from June 15, 2015, to August 10, 2016. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: A well-established computational model captured effects of smoking status and administration of nicotine and varenicline on probabilistic reversal learning choice behavior. Neural effects of smoking status, nicotine, and varenicline were tested for on MRI contrasts that captured reward sensitivity and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS: The study included 24 nicotine-dependent smokers (12 women and 12 men; mean [SD] age, 35.8 [9.9] years) and 20 nonsmokers (10 women and 10 men; mean [SD] age, 30.4 [7.2] years). Computational modeling indicated that abstinent smokers were biased toward response shifting and that their decisions were less sensitive to the available evidence, suggesting increased impulsivity during withdrawal. These behavioral impairments were mitigated with nicotine and varenicline. Similarly, decreased mesocorticolimbic activity associated with cognitive flexibility in abstinent smokers was restored to the level of nonsmokers following stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (familywise error-corrected P < .05). Conversely, neural signatures of decreased reward sensitivity in smokers (vs nonsmokers; familywise error-corrected P < .05) in the dorsal striatum and anterior cingulate cortex were not mitigated by nicotine or varenicline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There was a double dissociation between the effects of chronic nicotine dependence on neural representations of reward sensitivity and acute effects of stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on behavioral and neural signatures of cognitive flexibility in smokers. These chronic and acute pharmacologic effects were observed in overlapping mesocorticolimbic regions, suggesting that available pharmacotherapies may alleviate deficits in the same circuitry for certain mental computations but not for others. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00830739.
28467917	PMC8005854	10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.016	Resting-state functional reorganization in Parkinson's disease: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis	['Tahmasian M', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Giehl K', 'Schwartz F', 'Herz DM', 'Drzezga A', 'van Eimeren T', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Khazaie H', 'Zarei M', 'Eggers C', 'Eickhoff CR']	2017	7	3	Cortex	92		119-138	Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate underlying pathophysiology of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD yielded largely inconsistent results. This quantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis aims to identify consistent abnormal intrinsic functional patterns in PD across studies. We used PubMed to retrieve suitable resting-state studies and stereotactic data were extracted from 28 individual between-group comparisons. Convergence across their findings was tested using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. We found convergent evidence for intrinsic functional disturbances in bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and the supramarginal gyrus in PD patients compared to healthy subjects. In follow-up task-based and task-independent functional connectivity (FC) analyses using two independent healthy subject data sets, we found that the regions showing convergent aberrations in PD formed an interconnected network mainly with the default mode network (DMN). Behavioral characterization of these regions using the BrainMap database suggested associated dysfunction of perception and executive processes. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of parietal cortex in the pathophysiology of PD.
28521007		10.1093/cercor/bhx121	Computing the Social Brain Connectome Across Systems and States	['Alcala-Lopez D', 'Smallwood J', 'Jefferies E', 'Van Overwalle F', 'Vogeley K', 'Mars RB', 'Turetsky BI', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Bzdok D']	2018	7	1	Cereb Cortex	28	7	2207-2232	Social skills probably emerge from the interaction between different neural processing levels. However, social neuroscience is fragmented into highly specialized, rarely cross-referenced topics. The present study attempts a systematic reconciliation by deriving a social brain definition from neural activity meta-analyses on social-cognitive capacities. The social brain was characterized by meta-analytic connectivity modeling evaluating coactivation in task-focused brain states and physiological fluctuations evaluating correlations in task-free brain states. Network clustering proposed a functional segregation into (1) lower sensory, (2) limbic, (3) intermediate, and (4) high associative neural circuits that together mediate various social phenomena. Functional profiling suggested that no brain region or network is exclusively devoted to social processes. Finally, nodes of the putative mirror-neuron system were coherently cross-connected during tasks and more tightly coupled to embodied simulation systems rather than abstract emulation systems. These first steps may help reintegrate the specialized research agendas in the social and affective sciences.
28650075	PMC5685895	10.1002/jbmr.3202	Isl1 Controls Patterning and Mineralization of Enamel in the Continuously Renewing Mouse Incisor	['Naveau A', 'Zhang B', 'Meng B', 'Sutherland MT', 'Prochazkova M', 'Wen T', 'Marangoni P', 'Jones KB', 'Cox TC', 'Ganss B', 'Jheon AH', 'Klein OD']	2017	11	3	J Bone Miner Res	32	11	2219-2231	Rodents are characterized by continuously renewing incisors whose growth is fueled by epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells housed in the proximal compartments of the tooth. The epithelial stem cells reside in structures known as the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loops (laCL and liCL, respectively). An important feature of the rodent incisor is that enamel, the outer, highly mineralized layer, is asymmetrically distributed, because it is normally generated by the laCL but not the liCL. Here, we show that epithelial-specific deletion of the transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) is sufficient to drive formation of ectopic enamel by the liCL stem cells, and also that it leads to production of altered enamel on the labial surface. Molecular analyses of developing and adult incisors revealed that epithelial deletion of Isl1 affected multiple, major pathways: Bmp (bone morphogenetic protein), Hh (hedgehog), Fgf (fibroblast growth factor), and Notch signaling were upregulated and associated with liCL-generated ectopic enamel; on the labial side, upregulation of Bmp and Fgf signaling, and downregulation of Shh were associated with premature enamel formation. Transcriptome profiling studies identified a suite of differentially regulated genes in developing Isl1 mutant incisors. Our studies demonstrate that ISL1 plays a central role in proper patterning of stem cell-derived enamel in the incisor and indicate that this factor is an important upstream regulator of signaling pathways during tooth development and renewal. (c) 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
29030105	PMC5732056	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.020	Definition and characterization of an extended multiple-demand network	['Camilleri JA', 'Muller VI', 'Fox P', 'Laird AR', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Kalenscher T', 'Eickhoff SB']	2018	1	15	Neuroimage	165		138-147	Neuroimaging evidence suggests that executive functions (EF) depend on brain regions that are not closely tied to specific cognitive demands but rather to a wide range of behaviors. A multiple-demand (MD) system has been proposed, consisting of regions showing conjoint activation across multiple demands. Additionally, a number of studies defining networks specific to certain cognitive tasks suggest that the MD system may be composed of a number of sub-networks each subserving specific roles within the system. We here provide a robust definition of an extended MDN (eMDN) based on task-dependent and task-independent functional connectivity analyses seeded from regions previously shown to be convergently recruited across neuroimaging studies probing working memory, attention and inhibition, i.e., the proposed key components of EF. Additionally, we investigated potential sub-networks within the eMDN based on their connectional and functional similarities. We propose an eMDN network consisting of a core whose integrity should be crucial to performance of most operations that are considered higher cognitive or EF. This then recruits additional areas depending on specific demands.
29180258	PMC5918306	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.012	Ten simple rules for neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Muller VI', 'Cieslik EC', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Radua J', 'Mataix-Cols D', 'Tench CR', 'Yarkoni T', 'Nichols TE', 'Turkeltaub PE', 'Wager TD', 'Eickhoff SB']	2018	1	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	84		151-161	Neuroimaging has evolved into a widely used method to investigate the functional neuroanatomy, brain-behaviour relationships, and pathophysiology of brain disorders, yielding a literature of more than 30,000 papers. With such an explosion of data, it is increasingly difficult to sift through the literature and distinguish spurious from replicable findings. Furthermore, due to the large number of studies, it is challenging to keep track of the wealth of findings. A variety of meta-analytical methods (coordinate-based and image-based) have been developed to help summarise and integrate the vast amount of data arising from neuroimaging studies. However, the field lacks specific guidelines for the conduct of such meta-analyses. Based on our combined experience, we propose best-practice recommendations that researchers from multiple disciplines may find helpful. In addition, we provide specific guidelines and a checklist that will hopefully improve the transparency, traceability, replicability and reporting of meta-analytical results of neuroimaging data.
29311863	PMC5732997	10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00245	Higher Trait Psychopathy Is Associated with Increased Risky Decision-Making and Less Coincident Insula and Striatal Activity	['Sutherland MT', 'Fishbein DH']	2017	7	3	Front Behav Neurosci	11		245	Higher trait levels of psychopathy have been associated with both a tendency to maintain disadvantageous decision-making strategies and aberrant cortico-limbic neural activity. To explore the neural mechanisms associated with the psychopathy-related propensity to continue selecting risky choices, a non-forensic sample of participants completed a self-report psychopathy questionnaire and two runs of a risky decision-making task during H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. In this secondary data analysis study, we leveraged data previously collected to examine the impact of previous drug use on risky decision-making to explore the relations between self-reported psychopathy and behavioral and brain metrics during performance of the Cambridge Decision-Making Task (CDMT), in which volunteers chose between small/likely or large/unlikely potential reward outcomes. Behaviorally, we observed that psychopathy scores were differentially correlated with the percent of risky decisions made in run 1 vs. run 2 of the task. Specifically, higher levels of psychopathy, above and beyond that attributable to drug use or sex, were associated with greater tendencies to make risky selections only in the second half (run 2) of the task. In parallel, psychopathy scores negatively correlated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the right insula and right ventral striatum during run 2 of the CDMT. These exploratory outcomes suggest that greater levels of psychopathy may be associated with an inability to translate experience with negative outcomes into behavioral adaptations possibly due to decreased neural efficiency in regions related to somatic and/or reward feedback processes.
29338547	PMC5858977	10.1177/0269881117744995	Neuroimaging meta-analysis of cannabis use studies reveals convergent functional alterations in brain regions supporting cognitive control and reward processing	['Yanes JA', 'Riedel MC', 'Ray KL', 'Kirkland AE', 'Bird RT', 'Boeving ER', 'Reid MA', 'Gonzalez R', 'Robinson JL', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2018	3	3	J Psychopharmacol	32	3	283-295	Lagging behind rapid changes to state laws, societal views, and medical practice is the scientific investigation of cannabis's impact on the human brain. While several brain imaging studies have contributed important insight into neurobiological alterations linked with cannabis use, our understanding remains limited. Here, we sought to delineate those brain regions that consistently demonstrate functional alterations among cannabis users versus non-users across neuroimaging studies using the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis framework. In ancillary analyses, we characterized task-related brain networks that co-activate with cannabis-affected regions using data archived in a large neuroimaging repository, and then determined which psychological processes may be disrupted via functional decoding techniques. When considering convergent alterations among users, decreased activation was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and limbic areas and was linked with cognitive control processes. Similarly, decreased activation was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which co-activated with frontal and occipital areas and linked with attention-related processes. Conversely, increased activation among users was observed in the striatum, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and other limbic areas and linked with reward processing. These meta-analytic outcomes indicate that cannabis use is linked with differential, region-specific effects across the brain.
29338547	PMC5858977	10.1177/0269881117744995	Neuroimaging meta-analysis of cannabis use studies reveals convergent functional alterations in brain regions supporting cognitive control and reward processing	['Yanes JA', 'Riedel MC', 'Ray KL', 'Kirkland AE', 'Bird RT', 'Boeving ER', 'Reid MA', 'Gonzalez R', 'Robinson JL', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2018	3	3	J Psychopharmacol	32	3	283-295	Lagging behind rapid changes to state laws, societal views, and medical practice is the scientific investigation of cannabis's impact on the human brain. While several brain imaging studies have contributed important insight into neurobiological alterations linked with cannabis use, our understanding remains limited. Here, we sought to delineate those brain regions that consistently demonstrate functional alterations among cannabis users versus non-users across neuroimaging studies using the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis framework. In ancillary analyses, we characterized task-related brain networks that co-activate with cannabis-affected regions using data archived in a large neuroimaging repository, and then determined which psychological processes may be disrupted via functional decoding techniques. When considering convergent alterations among users, decreased activation was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and limbic areas and was linked with cognitive control processes. Similarly, decreased activation was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which co-activated with frontal and occipital areas and linked with attention-related processes. Conversely, increased activation among users was observed in the striatum, which co-activated with frontal, parietal, and other limbic areas and linked with reward processing. These meta-analytic outcomes indicate that cannabis use is linked with differential, region-specific effects across the brain.
29398401	PMC5928775	10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.002	Functional Neurocircuits and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Tobacco Use Disorder	['Sutherland MT', 'Stein EA']	2018	2	3	Trends Mol Med	24	2	129-143	Drug abuse and addiction remain major public health issues, exemplified by the opioid epidemic currently devastating the United States. Treatment outcomes across substance use disorders remain unacceptably poor, wherein drug discovery/development for this multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder focuses on single molecular-level targets. Rather, our opinion is that a systems-level neuroimaging perspective is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets, biomarkers to stratify patients, and individualized treatment strategies. Focusing on tobacco use disorder, we advocate a brain systems-level perspective linking two abuse-related facets (i.e., statelike withdrawal and traitlike addiction severity) with specific neurocircuitry (insula- and striatum-centered networks). To the extent that precise neurocircuits mediate distinct facets of abuse, treatment development must adopt not only a systems-level perspective, but also multi-intervention rather than mono-intervention practices.
29484767	PMC5951754	10.1002/hbm.24018	Dissociable meta-analytic brain networks contribute to coordinated emotional processing	['Riedel MC', 'Yanes JA', 'Ray KL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PT', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2018	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	39	6	2514-2531	Meta-analytic techniques for mining the neuroimaging literature continue to exert an impact on our conceptualization of functional brain networks contributing to human emotion and cognition. Traditional theories regarding the neurobiological substrates contributing to affective processing are shifting from regional- towards more network-based heuristic frameworks. To elucidate differential brain network involvement linked to distinct aspects of emotion processing, we applied an emergent meta-analytic clustering approach to the extensive body of affective neuroimaging results archived in the BrainMap database. Specifically, we performed hierarchical clustering on the modeled activation maps from 1,747 experiments in the affective processing domain, resulting in five meta-analytic groupings of experiments demonstrating whole-brain recruitment. Behavioral inference analyses conducted for each of these groupings suggested dissociable networks supporting: (1) visual perception within primary and associative visual cortices, (2) auditory perception within primary auditory cortices, (3) attention to emotionally salient information within insular, anterior cingulate, and subcortical regions, (4) appraisal and prediction of emotional events within medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, and (5) induction of emotional responses within amygdala and fusiform gyri. These meta-analytic outcomes are consistent with a contemporary psychological model of affective processing in which emotionally salient information from perceived stimuli are integrated with previous experiences to engender a subjective affective response. This study highlights the utility of using emergent meta-analytic methods to inform and extend psychological theories and suggests that emotions are manifest as the eventual consequence of interactions between large-scale brain networks.
29484767	PMC5951754	10.1002/hbm.24018	Dissociable meta-analytic brain networks contribute to coordinated emotional processing	['Riedel MC', 'Yanes JA', 'Ray KL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PT', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2018	6	3	Hum Brain Mapp	39	6	2514-2531	Meta-analytic techniques for mining the neuroimaging literature continue to exert an impact on our conceptualization of functional brain networks contributing to human emotion and cognition. Traditional theories regarding the neurobiological substrates contributing to affective processing are shifting from regional- towards more network-based heuristic frameworks. To elucidate differential brain network involvement linked to distinct aspects of emotion processing, we applied an emergent meta-analytic clustering approach to the extensive body of affective neuroimaging results archived in the BrainMap database. Specifically, we performed hierarchical clustering on the modeled activation maps from 1,747 experiments in the affective processing domain, resulting in five meta-analytic groupings of experiments demonstrating whole-brain recruitment. Behavioral inference analyses conducted for each of these groupings suggested dissociable networks supporting: (1) visual perception within primary and associative visual cortices, (2) auditory perception within primary auditory cortices, (3) attention to emotionally salient information within insular, anterior cingulate, and subcortical regions, (4) appraisal and prediction of emotional events within medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, and (5) induction of emotional responses within amygdala and fusiform gyri. These meta-analytic outcomes are consistent with a contemporary psychological model of affective processing in which emotionally salient information from perceived stimuli are integrated with previous experiences to engender a subjective affective response. This study highlights the utility of using emergent meta-analytic methods to inform and extend psychological theories and suggests that emotions are manifest as the eventual consequence of interactions between large-scale brain networks.
29567376	PMC5999559	10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.001	The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites	['Casey BJ', 'Cannonier T', 'Conley MI', 'Cohen AO', 'Barch DM', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Soules ME', 'Teslovich T', 'Dellarco DV', 'Garavan H', 'Orr CA', 'Wager TD', 'Banich MT', 'Speer NK', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Dick AS', 'Bjork JM', 'Thomas KM', 'Chaarani B', 'Mejia MH', 'Hagler DJ Jr', 'Daniela Cornejo M', 'Sicat CS', 'Harms MP', 'Dosenbach NUF', 'Rosenberg M', 'Earl E', 'Bartsch H', 'Watts R', 'Polimeni JR', 'Kuperman JM', 'Fair DA', 'Dale AM']	2018	8	3	Dev Cogn Neurosci	32		43-54	The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.
29868451	PMC5984594	10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.020	Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML): An approach to mapping of diffuse lesions from carotid revascularization	['Rosen AC', 'Soman S', 'Bhat J', 'Laird AR', 'Stephens J', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fox PM', 'Long B', 'Dinishak D', 'Ortega M', 'Lane B', 'Wintermark M', 'Hitchner E', 'Zhou W']	2018	7	3	Neuroimage Clin	18		553-559	Carotid revascularization (endarterectomy, stenting) prevents stroke; however, procedure-related embolization is common and results in small brain lesions easily identified by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). A crucial barrier to understanding the clinical significance of these lesions has been the lack of a statistical approach to identify vulnerable brain areas. The problem is that the lesions are small, numerous, and non-overlapping. Here we address this problem with a new method, the Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML) technique, an extension of the Anatomic Likelihood Analysis (ALE). The method combines manual lesion tracing, constraints based on known lesion patterns, and convergence analysis to represent regions vulnerable to lesions as probabilistic brain atlases. Two studies were conducted over the course of 12 years in an active, vascular surgery clinic. An analysis in an initial group of 126 patients at 1.5 T MRI was cross-validated in a second group of 80 patients at 3T MRI. In CAML, lesions were manually defined and center points identified. Brains were aligned according to side of surgery since this factor powerfully determines lesion distribution. A convergence based analysis, was performed on each of these groups. Results indicated the most consistent region of vulnerability was in motor and premotor cortex regions. Smaller regions common to both groups included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial parietal regions. Vulnerability of motor cortex is consistent with previous work showing changes in hand dexterity associated with these procedures. The consistency of CAML also demonstrates the feasibility of this new approach to characterize small, diffuse, non-overlapping lesions in patients with multifocal pathologies.
29944961	PMC6425494	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.009	Meta-analytic evidence for a core problem solving network across multiple representational domains	['Bartley JE', 'Boeving ER', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Salo T', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Brewe E', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2018	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	92		318-337	Problem solving is a complex skill engaging multi-stepped reasoning processes to find unknown solutions. The breadth of real-world contexts requiring problem solving is mirrored by a similarly broad, yet unfocused neuroimaging literature, and the domain-general or context-specific brain networks associated with problem solving are not well understood. To more fully characterize those brain networks, we performed activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 280 neuroimaging problem solving experiments reporting 3166 foci from 1919 individuals across 131 papers. The general map of problem solving revealed broad fronto-cingulo-parietal convergence, regions similarly identified when considering separate mathematical, verbal, and visuospatial problem solving domain-specific analyses. Conjunction analysis revealed a common network supporting problem solving across diverse contexts, and difference maps distinguished functionally-selective sub-networks specific to task type. Our results suggest cooperation between representationally specialized sub-network and whole-brain systems provide a neural basis for problem solving, with the core network contributing general purpose resources to perform cognitive operations and manage problem demand. Further characterization of cross-network dynamics could inform neuroeducational studies on problem solving skill development.
29944961	PMC6425494	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.009	Meta-analytic evidence for a core problem solving network across multiple representational domains	['Bartley JE', 'Boeving ER', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Salo T', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Brewe E', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2018	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	92		318-337	Problem solving is a complex skill engaging multi-stepped reasoning processes to find unknown solutions. The breadth of real-world contexts requiring problem solving is mirrored by a similarly broad, yet unfocused neuroimaging literature, and the domain-general or context-specific brain networks associated with problem solving are not well understood. To more fully characterize those brain networks, we performed activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 280 neuroimaging problem solving experiments reporting 3166 foci from 1919 individuals across 131 papers. The general map of problem solving revealed broad fronto-cingulo-parietal convergence, regions similarly identified when considering separate mathematical, verbal, and visuospatial problem solving domain-specific analyses. Conjunction analysis revealed a common network supporting problem solving across diverse contexts, and difference maps distinguished functionally-selective sub-networks specific to task type. Our results suggest cooperation between representationally specialized sub-network and whole-brain systems provide a neural basis for problem solving, with the core network contributing general purpose resources to perform cognitive operations and manage problem demand. Further characterization of cross-network dynamics could inform neuroeducational studies on problem solving skill development.
30038232	PMC6344321	10.1038/s41380-018-0122-5	A view behind the mask of sanity: meta-analysis of aberrant brain activity in psychopaths	['Poeppl TB', 'Donges MR', 'Mokros A', 'Rupprecht R', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Bzdok D', 'Langguth B', 'Eickhoff SB']	2019	3	3	Mol Psychiatry	24	3	463-470	Psychopathy is a disorder of high public concern because it predicts violence and offense recidivism. Recent brain imaging studies suggest abnormal brain activity underlying psychopathic behavior. No reliable pattern of altered neural activity has been disclosed so far. This study sought to identify consistent changes of brain activity in psychopaths and to investigate whether these could explain known psychopathology. First, we used activation likelihood estimation (p < 0.05, corrected) to meta-analyze brain activation changes associated with psychopathy across 28 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting 753 foci from 155 experiments. Second, we characterized the ensuing regions functionally by employing metadata of a large-scale neuroimaging database (p < 0.05, corrected). Psychopathy was consistently associated with decreased brain activity in the right laterobasal amygdala, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and bilaterally in the lateral prefrontal cortex. A robust increase of activity was observed in the fronto-insular cortex on both hemispheres. Data-driven functional characterization revealed associations with semantic language processing (left lateral prefrontal and fronto-insular cortex), action execution and pain processing (right lateral prefrontal and left fronto-insular), social cognition (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), and emotional as well as cognitive reward processing (right amygdala and fronto-insular cortex). Aberrant brain activity related to psychopathy is located in prefrontal, insular, and limbic regions. Physiological mental functions fulfilled by these brain regions correspond to disturbed behavioral patterns pathognomonic for psychopathy. Hence, aberrant brain activity may not just be an epiphenomenon of psychopathy but directly related to the psychopathology of this disorder.
30721944	PMC6917521	10.1093/cercor/bhy336	Multimodal Parcellations and Extensive Behavioral Profiling Tackling the Hippocampus Gradient	['Plachti A', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Patil KR', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Amunts K', 'Genon S']	2019	12	17	Cereb Cortex	29	11	4595-4612	The hippocampus displays a complex organization and function that is perturbed in many neuropathologies. Histological work revealed a complex arrangement of subfields along the medial-lateral and the ventral-dorsal dimension, which contrasts with the anterior-posterior functional differentiation. The variety of maps has raised the need for an integrative multimodal view. We applied connectivity-based parcellation to 1) intrinsic connectivity 2) task-based connectivity, and 3) structural covariance, as complementary windows into structural and functional differentiation of the hippocampus. Strikingly, while functional properties (i.e., intrinsic and task-based) revealed similar partitions dominated by an anterior-posterior organization, structural covariance exhibited a hybrid pattern reflecting both functional and cytoarchitectonic subdivision. Capitalizing on the consistency of functional parcellations, we defined robust functional maps at different levels of partitions, which are openly available for the scientific community. Our functional maps demonstrated a head-body and tail partition, subdivided along the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axis. Behavioral profiling of these fine partitions based on activation data indicated an emotion-cognition gradient along the anterior-posterior axis and additionally suggested a self-world-centric gradient supporting the role of the hippocampus in the construction of abstract representations for spatial navigation and episodic memory.
30793072	PMC6326731	10.1162/netn_a_00050	Cooperating yet distinct brain networks engaged during naturalistic paradigms: A meta-analysis of functional MRI results	['Bottenhorn KL', 'Flannery JS', 'Boeving ER', 'Riedel MC', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	Netw Neurosci	3	1	27-48	Cognitive processes do not occur by pure insertion and instead depend on the full complement of co-occurring mental processes, including perceptual and motor functions. As such, there is limited ecological validity to human neuroimaging experiments that use highly controlled tasks to isolate mental processes of interest. However, a growing literature shows how dynamic, interactive tasks have allowed researchers to study cognition as it more naturally occurs. Collective analysis across such neuroimaging experiments may answer broader questions regarding how naturalistic cognition is biologically distributed throughout the brain. We applied an unbiased, data-driven, meta-analytic approach that uses k-means clustering to identify core brain networks engaged across the naturalistic functional neuroimaging literature. Functional decoding allowed us to, then, delineate how information is distributed between these networks throughout the execution of dynamical cognition in realistic settings. This analysis revealed six recurrent patterns of brain activation, representing sensory, domain-specific, and attentional neural networks that support the cognitive demands of naturalistic paradigms. Although gaps in the literature remain, these results suggest that naturalistic fMRI paradigms recruit a common set of networks that allow both separate processing of different streams of information and integration of relevant information to enable flexible cognition and complex behavior.
30793072	PMC6326731	10.1162/netn_a_00050	Cooperating yet distinct brain networks engaged during naturalistic paradigms: A meta-analysis of functional MRI results	['Bottenhorn KL', 'Flannery JS', 'Boeving ER', 'Riedel MC', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	Netw Neurosci	3	1	27-48	Cognitive processes do not occur by pure insertion and instead depend on the full complement of co-occurring mental processes, including perceptual and motor functions. As such, there is limited ecological validity to human neuroimaging experiments that use highly controlled tasks to isolate mental processes of interest. However, a growing literature shows how dynamic, interactive tasks have allowed researchers to study cognition as it more naturally occurs. Collective analysis across such neuroimaging experiments may answer broader questions regarding how naturalistic cognition is biologically distributed throughout the brain. We applied an unbiased, data-driven, meta-analytic approach that uses k-means clustering to identify core brain networks engaged across the naturalistic functional neuroimaging literature. Functional decoding allowed us to, then, delineate how information is distributed between these networks throughout the execution of dynamical cognition in realistic settings. This analysis revealed six recurrent patterns of brain activation, representing sensory, domain-specific, and attentional neural networks that support the cognitive demands of naturalistic paradigms. Although gaps in the literature remain, these results suggest that naturalistic fMRI paradigms recruit a common set of networks that allow both separate processing of different streams of information and integration of relevant information to enable flexible cognition and complex behavior.
30926513	PMC7211028	10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.02.012	Meta-analytic Evidence for Neural Dysactivity Underlying Sexual Dysfunction	['Poeppl TB', 'Langguth B', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB']	2019	5	3	J Sex Med	16	5	614-617	INTRODUCTION: About 30-40% of the population report sexual dysfunction. Although it is well known that the brain controls sexual behavior, little is known about the neural basis of sexual dysfunction. AIM: To assess convergence of altered brain activity associated with sexual dysfunction across available functional imaging studies. METHODS: We used activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to quantify interstudy concordance across 14 functional imaging studies reporting 179 foci from 40 individual analyses involving 191 subjects with sexual dysfunction and 123 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Activation likelihood estimation scores were used to assess convergence of findings. RESULTS: Consistently decreased brain activity associated with sexual dysfunction was identified in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, dorsal midbrain, anterior midcingulate cortex, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: These findings can serve as a basis for further studies on the pathophysiology of this highly common disorder with the view to development of more-specific treatment strategies. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: Findings are based on an observer-independent meta-analysis that provides robust evidence for and anatomic localization of altered brain activity related to sexual dysfunction. Our analysis cannot distinguish between the putative sources of sexual dysfunction, but it provides a more ubiquitous and general pattern of related altered neural activity. CONCLUSION: The identified regions have previously been shown to be critically involved in mediating sexual arousal and to be part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. This suggests that the disturbance of brain activity associated with sexual dysfunction primarily affects sexual arousal already at early stages that are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. Poeppl TB, Langguth B, Laird AR, et al. Meta-analytic Evidence for Neural Dysactivity Underlying Sexual Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2019;16:614-617.
31063939	PMC7279069	10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.008	Functional brain alterations in acute sleep deprivation: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis	['Javaheripour N', 'Shahdipour N', 'Noori K', 'Zarei M', 'Camilleri JA', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Eickhoff CR', 'Rosenzweig I', 'Khazaie H', 'Tahmasian M']	2019	8	3	Sleep Med Rev	46		64-73	Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common problem in modern societies, which leads to cognitive dysfunctions including attention lapses, impaired working memory, hindering decision making, impaired emotional processing, and motor vehicle accidents. Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of SD, but these studies have reported inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to identify convergent patterns of abnormal brain functions due to acute SD. Based on the preferred reporting for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we searched the PubMed database and performed reference tracking and finally retrieved 31 eligible functional neuroimaging studies. Then, we applied activation estimation likelihood meta-analysis and found reduced activity mainly in the right intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule. The functional decoding analysis using the BrainMap database indicated that this region is mostly related to visuospatial perception, memory and reasoning. The significant co-activation of this region using the BrainMap database were found in the left superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, bilateral occipital cortex, left fusiform gyrus and thalamus. This region also connected with the superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral, occipital and cerebellum through resting-state functional connectivity in healthy subjects. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of superior parietal cortex in SD.
31106219	PMC6519462	10.3389/fict.2018.00010	Toward a Neurobiological Basis for Understanding Learning in University Modeling Instruction Physics Courses	['Brewe E', 'Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Sawtelle V', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Pruden SM', 'Laird AR']	2018	5	3	Front ICT	5			Modeling Instruction (MI) for University Physics is a curricular and pedagogical approach to active learning in introductory physics. A basic tenet of science is that it is a model-driven endeavor that involves building models, then validating, deploying, and ultimately revising them in an iterative fashion. MI was developed to provide students a facsimile in the university classroom of this foundational scientific practice. As a curriculum, MI employs conceptual scientific models as the basis for the course content, and thus learning in a MI classroom involves students appropriating scientific models for their own use. Over the last 10 years, substantial evidence has accumulated supporting MI's efficacy, including gains in conceptual understanding, odds of success, attitudes toward learning, self-efficacy, and social networks centered around physics learning. However, we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of how students learn physics and develop mental models of physical phenomena. Herein, we explore the hypothesis that the MI curriculum and pedagogy promotes student engagement via conceptual model building. This emphasis on conceptual model building, in turn, leads to improved knowledge organization and problem solving abilities that manifest as quantifiable functional brain changes that can be assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We conducted a neuroeducation study wherein students completed a physics reasoning task while undergoing fMRI scanning before (pre) and after (post) completing a MI introductory physics course. Preliminary results indicated that performance of the physics reasoning task was linked with increased brain activity notably in lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices that previously have been associated with attention, working memory, and problem solving, and are collectively referred to as the central executive network. Critically, assessment of changes in brain activity during the physics reasoning task from pre- vs. post-instruction identified increased activity after the course notably in the posterior cingulate cortex (a brain region previously linked with episodic memory and self-referential thought) and in the frontal poles (regions linked with learning). These preliminary outcomes highlight brain regions linked with physics reasoning and, critically, suggest that brain activity during physics reasoning is modifiable by thoughtfully designed curriculum and pedagogy.
31106219	PMC6519462	10.3389/fict.2018.00010	Toward a Neurobiological Basis for Understanding Learning in University Modeling Instruction Physics Courses	['Brewe E', 'Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Sawtelle V', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Pruden SM', 'Laird AR']	2018	5	3	Front ICT	5			Modeling Instruction (MI) for University Physics is a curricular and pedagogical approach to active learning in introductory physics. A basic tenet of science is that it is a model-driven endeavor that involves building models, then validating, deploying, and ultimately revising them in an iterative fashion. MI was developed to provide students a facsimile in the university classroom of this foundational scientific practice. As a curriculum, MI employs conceptual scientific models as the basis for the course content, and thus learning in a MI classroom involves students appropriating scientific models for their own use. Over the last 10 years, substantial evidence has accumulated supporting MI's efficacy, including gains in conceptual understanding, odds of success, attitudes toward learning, self-efficacy, and social networks centered around physics learning. However, we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of how students learn physics and develop mental models of physical phenomena. Herein, we explore the hypothesis that the MI curriculum and pedagogy promotes student engagement via conceptual model building. This emphasis on conceptual model building, in turn, leads to improved knowledge organization and problem solving abilities that manifest as quantifiable functional brain changes that can be assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We conducted a neuroeducation study wherein students completed a physics reasoning task while undergoing fMRI scanning before (pre) and after (post) completing a MI introductory physics course. Preliminary results indicated that performance of the physics reasoning task was linked with increased brain activity notably in lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices that previously have been associated with attention, working memory, and problem solving, and are collectively referred to as the central executive network. Critically, assessment of changes in brain activity during the physics reasoning task from pre- vs. post-instruction identified increased activity after the course notably in the posterior cingulate cortex (a brain region previously linked with episodic memory and self-referential thought) and in the frontal poles (regions linked with learning). These preliminary outcomes highlight brain regions linked with physics reasoning and, critically, suggest that brain activity during physics reasoning is modifiable by thoughtfully designed curriculum and pedagogy.
31110341	PMC7156280	10.1038/s41562-019-0609-3	No evidence for a bilingual executive function advantage in the nationally representative ABCD study	['Dick AS', 'Garcia NL', 'Pruden SM', 'Thompson WK', 'Hawes SW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2019	7	3	Nat Hum Behav	3	7	692-701	Learning a second language in childhood is inherently advantageous for communication. However, parents, educators and scientists have been interested in determining whether there are additional cognitive advantages. One of the most exciting yet controversial(1) findings about bilinguals is a reported advantage for executive function. That is, several studies suggest that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals on tasks assessing cognitive abilities that are central to the voluntary control of thoughts and behaviours-the so-called 'executive functions' (for example, attention, inhibitory control, task switching and resolving conflict). Although a number of small-(2-4) and large-sample(5,6) studies have reported a bilingual executive function advantage (see refs. (7-9) for a review), there have been several failures to replicate these findings(10-15), and recent meta-analyses have called into question the reliability of the original empirical claims(8,9). Here we show, in a very large, demographically representative sample (n = 4,524) of 9- to 10-year-olds across the United States, that there is little evidence for a bilingual advantage for inhibitory control, attention and task switching, or cognitive flexibility, which are key aspects of executive function. We also replicate previously reported disadvantages in English vocabulary in bilinguals(7,16,17). However, these English vocabulary differences are substantially mitigated when we account for individual differences in socioeconomic status or intelligence. In summary, notwithstanding the inherently positive benefits of learning a second language in childhood(18), we found little evidence that it engenders additional benefits to executive function development.
31110341	PMC7156280	10.1038/s41562-019-0609-3	No evidence for a bilingual executive function advantage in the nationally representative ABCD study	['Dick AS', 'Garcia NL', 'Pruden SM', 'Thompson WK', 'Hawes SW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2019	7	3	Nat Hum Behav	3	7	692-701	Learning a second language in childhood is inherently advantageous for communication. However, parents, educators and scientists have been interested in determining whether there are additional cognitive advantages. One of the most exciting yet controversial(1) findings about bilinguals is a reported advantage for executive function. That is, several studies suggest that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals on tasks assessing cognitive abilities that are central to the voluntary control of thoughts and behaviours-the so-called 'executive functions' (for example, attention, inhibitory control, task switching and resolving conflict). Although a number of small-(2-4) and large-sample(5,6) studies have reported a bilingual executive function advantage (see refs. (7-9) for a review), there have been several failures to replicate these findings(10-15), and recent meta-analyses have called into question the reliability of the original empirical claims(8,9). Here we show, in a very large, demographically representative sample (n = 4,524) of 9- to 10-year-olds across the United States, that there is little evidence for a bilingual advantage for inhibitory control, attention and task switching, or cognitive flexibility, which are key aspects of executive function. We also replicate previously reported disadvantages in English vocabulary in bilinguals(7,16,17). However, these English vocabulary differences are substantially mitigated when we account for individual differences in socioeconomic status or intelligence. In summary, notwithstanding the inherently positive benefits of learning a second language in childhood(18), we found little evidence that it engenders additional benefits to executive function development.
31120281	PMC6663642	10.1037/pha0000281	Effects of cannabinoid administration for pain: A meta-analysis and meta-regression	['Yanes JA', 'McKinnell ZE', 'Reid MA', 'Busler JN', 'Michel JS', 'Pangelinan MM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Younger JW', 'Gonzalez R', 'Robinson JL']	2019	8	3	Exp Clin Psychopharmacol	27	4	370-382	Chronic pain states have resulted in an overreliance on opioid pain relievers, which can carry significant risks when used long term. As such, alternative pain treatments are increasingly desired. Although emerging research suggests that cannabinoids have therapeutic potential regarding pain, results from studies across pain populations have been inconsistent. To provide meta-analytic clarification regarding cannabis's impact on subjective pain, we identified studies that assessed drug-induced pain modulations under cannabinoid and corresponding placebo conditions. A literature search yielded 25 peer-reviewed records that underwent data extraction. Baseline and end-point data were used to compute standardized effect size estimates (Cohen's d) across cannabinoid administrations (k = 39) and placebo administrations (k = 26). Standardized effects were inverse-variance weighted and pooled across studies for meta-analytic comparison. Results revealed that cannabinoid administration produced a medium-to-large effect across included studies, Cohen's d = -0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.74, -0.43], while placebo administration produced a small-to-medium effect, Cohen's d = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.52, -0.26]. Meta-regression revealed that cannabinoids, beta = -0.43, 95% CI [-0.62, -0.24], p < .05, synthetic cannabinoids, beta = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.65, -0.14], p < .05, and sample size, beta = 0.01, 95% CI [0.00, 0.01], p < .05, were associated with marked pain reduction. These outcomes suggest that cannabinoid-based pharmacotherapies may serve as effective replacement/adjunctive options regarding pain, however, additional research is warranted. Additionally, given demonstrated neurocognitive side effects associated with some constituent cannabinoids (i.e., THC), subsequent work may consider developing novel therapeutic agents that capitalize on cannabis's analgesic properties without producing adverse effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
31156374	PMC6530419	10.3389/fnins.2019.00494	Automated, Efficient, and Accelerated Knowledge Modeling of the Cognitive Neuroimaging Literature Using the ATHENA Toolkit	['Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Hays J', 'Turner MD', 'Sutherland MT', 'Turner JA', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	Front Neurosci	13		494	Neuroimaging research is growing rapidly, providing expansive resources for synthesizing data. However, navigating these dense resources is complicated by the volume of research articles and variety of experimental designs implemented across studies. The advent of machine learning algorithms and text-mining techniques has advanced automated labeling of published articles in biomedical research to alleviate such obstacles. As of yet, a comprehensive examination of document features and classifier techniques for annotating neuroimaging articles has yet to be undertaken. Here, we evaluated which combination of corpus (abstract-only or full-article text), features (bag-of-words or Cognitive Atlas terms), and classifier (Bernoulli naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, or support vector classifier) resulted in the highest predictive performance in annotating a selection of 2,633 manually annotated neuroimaging articles. We found that, when utilizing full article text, data-driven features derived from the text performed the best, whereas if article abstracts were used for annotation, features derived from the Cognitive Atlas performed better. Additionally, we observed that when features were derived from article text, anatomical terms appeared to be the most frequently utilized for classification purposes and that cognitive concepts can be identified based on similar representations of these anatomical terms. Optimizing parameters for the automated classification of neuroimaging articles may result in a larger proportion of the neuroimaging literature being annotated with labels supporting the meta-analysis of psychological constructs.
31156374	PMC6530419	10.3389/fnins.2019.00494	Automated, Efficient, and Accelerated Knowledge Modeling of the Cognitive Neuroimaging Literature Using the ATHENA Toolkit	['Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Hays J', 'Turner MD', 'Sutherland MT', 'Turner JA', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	Front Neurosci	13		494	Neuroimaging research is growing rapidly, providing expansive resources for synthesizing data. However, navigating these dense resources is complicated by the volume of research articles and variety of experimental designs implemented across studies. The advent of machine learning algorithms and text-mining techniques has advanced automated labeling of published articles in biomedical research to alleviate such obstacles. As of yet, a comprehensive examination of document features and classifier techniques for annotating neuroimaging articles has yet to be undertaken. Here, we evaluated which combination of corpus (abstract-only or full-article text), features (bag-of-words or Cognitive Atlas terms), and classifier (Bernoulli naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, or support vector classifier) resulted in the highest predictive performance in annotating a selection of 2,633 manually annotated neuroimaging articles. We found that, when utilizing full article text, data-driven features derived from the text performed the best, whereas if article abstracts were used for annotation, features derived from the Cognitive Atlas performed better. Additionally, we observed that when features were derived from article text, anatomical terms appeared to be the most frequently utilized for classification purposes and that cognitive concepts can be identified based on similar representations of these anatomical terms. Optimizing parameters for the automated classification of neuroimaging articles may result in a larger proportion of the neuroimaging literature being annotated with labels supporting the meta-analysis of psychological constructs.
31313451	PMC6865423	10.1002/hbm.24716	Brain-based ranking of cognitive domains to predict schizophrenia	['Karrer TM', 'Bassett DS', 'Derntl B', 'Gruber O', 'Aleman A', 'Jardri R', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Grisel O', 'Varoquaux G', 'Thirion B', 'Bzdok D']	2019	10	15	Hum Brain Mapp	40	15	4487-4507	Schizophrenia is a devastating brain disorder that disturbs sensory perception, motor action, and abstract thought. Its clinical phenotype implies dysfunction of various mental domains, which has motivated a series of theories regarding the underlying pathophysiology. Aiming at a predictive benchmark of a catalog of cognitive functions, we developed a data-driven machine-learning strategy and provide a proof of principle in a multisite clinical dataset (n = 324). Existing neuroscientific knowledge on diverse cognitive domains was first condensed into neurotopographical maps. We then examined how the ensuing meta-analytic cognitive priors can distinguish patients and controls using brain morphology and intrinsic functional connectivity. Some affected cognitive domains supported well-studied directions of research on auditory evaluation and social cognition. However, rarely suspected cognitive domains also emerged as disease relevant, including self-oriented processing of bodily sensations in gustation and pain. Such algorithmic charting of the cognitive landscape can be used to make targeted recommendations for future mental health research.
31415884	PMC6981278	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116091	Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study	['Hagler DJ Jr', 'Hatton S', 'Cornejo MD', 'Makowski C', 'Fair DA', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Casey BJ', 'Barch DM', 'Harms MP', 'Watts R', 'Bjork JM', 'Garavan HP', 'Hilmer L', 'Pung CJ', 'Sicat CS', 'Kuperman J', 'Bartsch H', 'Xue F', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Laird AR', 'Trinh TT', 'Gonzalez R', 'Tapert SF', 'Riedel MC', 'Squeglia LM', 'Hyde LW', 'Rosenberg MD', 'Earl EA', 'Howlett KD', 'Baker FC', 'Soules M', 'Diaz J', 'de Leon OR', 'Thompson WK', 'Neale MC', 'Herting M', 'Sowell ER', 'Alvarez RP', 'Hawes SW', 'Sanchez M', 'Bodurka J', 'Breslin FJ', 'Morris AS', 'Paulus MP', 'Simmons WK', 'Polimeni JR', 'van der Kouwe A', 'Nencka AS', 'Gray KM', 'Pierpaoli C', 'Matochik JA', 'Noronha A', 'Aklin WM', 'Conway K', 'Glantz M', 'Hoffman E', 'Little R', 'Lopez M', 'Pariyadath V', 'Weiss SR', 'Wolff-Hughes DL', 'DelCarmen-Wiggins R', 'Feldstein Ewing SW', 'Miranda-Dominguez O', 'Nagel BJ', 'Perrone AJ', 'Sturgeon DT', 'Goldstone A', 'Pfefferbaum A', 'Pohl KM', 'Prouty D', 'Uban K', 'Bookheimer SY', 'Dapretto M', 'Galvan A', 'Bagot K', 'Giedd J', 'Infante MA', 'Jacobus J', 'Patrick K', 'Shilling PD', 'Desikan R', 'Li Y', 'Sugrue L', 'Banich MT', 'Friedman N', 'Hewitt JK', 'Hopfer C', 'Sakai J', 'Tanabe J', 'Cottler LB', 'Nixon SJ', 'Chang L', 'Cloak C', 'Ernst T', 'Reeves G', 'Kennedy DN', 'Heeringa S', 'Peltier S', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sripada C', 'Zucker RA', 'Iacono WG', 'Luciana M', 'Calabro FJ', 'Clark DB', 'Lewis DA', 'Luna B', 'Schirda C', 'Brima T', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Mruzek DW', 'Mason MJ', 'Huber R', 'McGlade E', 'Prescot A', 'Renshaw PF', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Allgaier NA', 'Dumas JA', 'Ivanova M', 'Potter A', 'Florsheim P', 'Larson C', 'Lisdahl K', 'Charness ME', 'Fuemmeler B', 'Hettema JM', 'Maes HH', 'Steinberg J', 'Anokhin AP', 'Glaser P', 'Heath AC', 'Madden PA', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Constable RT', 'Grant SJ', 'Dowling GJ', 'Brown SA', 'Jernigan TL', 'Dale AM']	2019	11	15	Neuroimage	202		116091	The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.
31415884	PMC6981278	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116091	Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study	['Hagler DJ Jr', 'Hatton S', 'Cornejo MD', 'Makowski C', 'Fair DA', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Casey BJ', 'Barch DM', 'Harms MP', 'Watts R', 'Bjork JM', 'Garavan HP', 'Hilmer L', 'Pung CJ', 'Sicat CS', 'Kuperman J', 'Bartsch H', 'Xue F', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Laird AR', 'Trinh TT', 'Gonzalez R', 'Tapert SF', 'Riedel MC', 'Squeglia LM', 'Hyde LW', 'Rosenberg MD', 'Earl EA', 'Howlett KD', 'Baker FC', 'Soules M', 'Diaz J', 'de Leon OR', 'Thompson WK', 'Neale MC', 'Herting M', 'Sowell ER', 'Alvarez RP', 'Hawes SW', 'Sanchez M', 'Bodurka J', 'Breslin FJ', 'Morris AS', 'Paulus MP', 'Simmons WK', 'Polimeni JR', 'van der Kouwe A', 'Nencka AS', 'Gray KM', 'Pierpaoli C', 'Matochik JA', 'Noronha A', 'Aklin WM', 'Conway K', 'Glantz M', 'Hoffman E', 'Little R', 'Lopez M', 'Pariyadath V', 'Weiss SR', 'Wolff-Hughes DL', 'DelCarmen-Wiggins R', 'Feldstein Ewing SW', 'Miranda-Dominguez O', 'Nagel BJ', 'Perrone AJ', 'Sturgeon DT', 'Goldstone A', 'Pfefferbaum A', 'Pohl KM', 'Prouty D', 'Uban K', 'Bookheimer SY', 'Dapretto M', 'Galvan A', 'Bagot K', 'Giedd J', 'Infante MA', 'Jacobus J', 'Patrick K', 'Shilling PD', 'Desikan R', 'Li Y', 'Sugrue L', 'Banich MT', 'Friedman N', 'Hewitt JK', 'Hopfer C', 'Sakai J', 'Tanabe J', 'Cottler LB', 'Nixon SJ', 'Chang L', 'Cloak C', 'Ernst T', 'Reeves G', 'Kennedy DN', 'Heeringa S', 'Peltier S', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sripada C', 'Zucker RA', 'Iacono WG', 'Luciana M', 'Calabro FJ', 'Clark DB', 'Lewis DA', 'Luna B', 'Schirda C', 'Brima T', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Mruzek DW', 'Mason MJ', 'Huber R', 'McGlade E', 'Prescot A', 'Renshaw PF', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Allgaier NA', 'Dumas JA', 'Ivanova M', 'Potter A', 'Florsheim P', 'Larson C', 'Lisdahl K', 'Charness ME', 'Fuemmeler B', 'Hettema JM', 'Maes HH', 'Steinberg J', 'Anokhin AP', 'Glaser P', 'Heath AC', 'Madden PA', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Constable RT', 'Grant SJ', 'Dowling GJ', 'Brown SA', 'Jernigan TL', 'Dale AM']	2019	11	15	Neuroimage	202		116091	The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.
31633021	PMC6785263	10.1126/sciadv.aax2084	Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Ross TJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Stein EA', 'Sutherland MT']	2019	10	3	Sci Adv	5	10	eaax2084	The habenula, an epithalamic nucleus involved in reward and aversive processing, may contribute to negative reinforcement mechanisms maintaining nicotine use. We used a performance feedback task that differentially activates the striatum and habenula and administered nicotine and varenicline (versus placebos) to overnight-abstinent smokers and nonsmokers to delineate feedback-related functional brain alterations both as a function of smoking trait (smokers versus nonsmokers) and drug administration state (drug versus placebo). Smokers showed less striatal responsivity to positive feedback, an alteration not mitigated by drug administration, but rather correlated with trait-level addiction severity. Conversely, nicotine administration reduced habenula activity following both positive and negative feedback among abstinent smokers, but not nonsmokers, and increased habenula activity among smokers correlated with elevated state-level tobacco cravings. These outcomes highlight a dissociation between neurobiological processes linked with the dependence severity trait and the nicotine withdrawal state. Interventions simultaneously targeting both aspects may improve currently poor cessation outcomes.
31633021	PMC6785263	10.1126/sciadv.aax2084	Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Ross TJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Stein EA', 'Sutherland MT']	2019	10	3	Sci Adv	5	10	eaax2084	The habenula, an epithalamic nucleus involved in reward and aversive processing, may contribute to negative reinforcement mechanisms maintaining nicotine use. We used a performance feedback task that differentially activates the striatum and habenula and administered nicotine and varenicline (versus placebos) to overnight-abstinent smokers and nonsmokers to delineate feedback-related functional brain alterations both as a function of smoking trait (smokers versus nonsmokers) and drug administration state (drug versus placebo). Smokers showed less striatal responsivity to positive feedback, an alteration not mitigated by drug administration, but rather correlated with trait-level addiction severity. Conversely, nicotine administration reduced habenula activity following both positive and negative feedback among abstinent smokers, but not nonsmokers, and increased habenula activity among smokers correlated with elevated state-level tobacco cravings. These outcomes highlight a dissociation between neurobiological processes linked with the dependence severity trait and the nicotine withdrawal state. Interventions simultaneously targeting both aspects may improve currently poor cessation outcomes.
31700677	PMC6825125	10.1038/s41539-019-0058-9	Sex differences in brain correlates of STEM anxiety	['Gonzalez AA', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bartley JE', 'Hayes T', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Pruden SM', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	NPJ Sci Learn	4		18	Anxiety is known to dysregulate the salience, default mode, and central executive networks of the human brain, yet this phenomenon has not been fully explored across the STEM learning experience, where anxiety can impact negatively academic performance. Here, we evaluated anxiety and large-scale brain connectivity in 101 undergraduate physics students. We found sex differences in STEM-related and clinical anxiety, with longitudinal increases in science anxiety observed for both female and male students. Sex-specific relationships between STEM anxiety and brain connectivity emerged, with male students exhibiting distinct inter-network connectivity for STEM and clinical anxiety, and female students demonstrating no significant within-sex correlations. Anxiety was negatively correlated with academic performance in sex-specific ways at both pre- and post-instruction. Moreover, math anxiety in male students mediated the relation between default mode-salience connectivity and course grade. Together, these results reveal complex sex differences in the neural mechanisms driving how anxiety is related to STEM learning.
31700677	PMC6825125	10.1038/s41539-019-0058-9	Sex differences in brain correlates of STEM anxiety	['Gonzalez AA', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bartley JE', 'Hayes T', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Pruden SM', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	NPJ Sci Learn	4		18	Anxiety is known to dysregulate the salience, default mode, and central executive networks of the human brain, yet this phenomenon has not been fully explored across the STEM learning experience, where anxiety can impact negatively academic performance. Here, we evaluated anxiety and large-scale brain connectivity in 101 undergraduate physics students. We found sex differences in STEM-related and clinical anxiety, with longitudinal increases in science anxiety observed for both female and male students. Sex-specific relationships between STEM anxiety and brain connectivity emerged, with male students exhibiting distinct inter-network connectivity for STEM and clinical anxiety, and female students demonstrating no significant within-sex correlations. Anxiety was negatively correlated with academic performance in sex-specific ways at both pre- and post-instruction. Moreover, math anxiety in male students mediated the relation between default mode-salience connectivity and course grade. Together, these results reveal complex sex differences in the neural mechanisms driving how anxiety is related to STEM learning.
31814997	PMC6889284	10.1038/s41539-019-0059-8	Brain activity links performance in science reasoning with conceptual approach	['Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Pruden SM', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	NPJ Sci Learn	4		20	Understanding how students learn is crucial for helping them succeed. We examined brain function in 107 undergraduate students during a task known to be challenging for many students-physics problem solving-to characterize the underlying neural mechanisms and determine how these support comprehension and proficiency. Further, we applied module analysis to response distributions, defining groups of students who answered by using similar physics conceptions, and probed for brain differences linked with different conceptual approaches. We found that integrated executive, attentional, visual motion, and default mode brain systems cooperate to achieve sequential and sustained physics-related cognition. While accuracy alone did not predict brain function, dissociable brain patterns were observed when students solved problems by using different physics conceptions, and increased success was linked to conceptual coherence. Our analyses demonstrate that episodic associations and control processes operate in tandem to support physics reasoning, offering potential insight to support student learning.
31814997	PMC6889284	10.1038/s41539-019-0059-8	Brain activity links performance in science reasoning with conceptual approach	['Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bravo EI', 'Odean R', 'Nazareth A', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'Pruden SM', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2019	7	3	NPJ Sci Learn	4		20	Understanding how students learn is crucial for helping them succeed. We examined brain function in 107 undergraduate students during a task known to be challenging for many students-physics problem solving-to characterize the underlying neural mechanisms and determine how these support comprehension and proficiency. Further, we applied module analysis to response distributions, defining groups of students who answered by using similar physics conceptions, and probed for brain differences linked with different conceptual approaches. We found that integrated executive, attentional, visual motion, and default mode brain systems cooperate to achieve sequential and sustained physics-related cognition. While accuracy alone did not predict brain function, dissociable brain patterns were observed when students solved problems by using different physics conceptions, and increased success was linked to conceptual coherence. Our analyses demonstrate that episodic associations and control processes operate in tandem to support physics reasoning, offering potential insight to support student learning.
31827430	PMC6890833	10.3389/fninf.2019.00070	ASD-DiagNet: A Hybrid Learning Approach for Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using fMRI Data	['Eslami T', 'Mirjalili V', 'Fong A', 'Laird AR', 'Saeed F']	2019	7	3	Front Neuroinform	13		70	Heterogeneous mental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are notoriously difficult to diagnose, especially in children. The current psychiatric diagnostic process is based purely on the behavioral observation of symptomology (DSM-5/ICD-10) and may be prone to misdiagnosis. In order to move the field toward more quantitative diagnosis, we need advanced and scalable machine learning infrastructure that will allow us to identify reliable biomarkers of mental health disorders. In this paper, we propose a framework called ASD-DiagNet for classifying subjects with ASD from healthy subjects by using only fMRI data. We designed and implemented a joint learning procedure using an autoencoder and a single layer perceptron (SLP) which results in improved quality of extracted features and optimized parameters for the model. Further, we designed and implemented a data augmentation strategy, based on linear interpolation on available feature vectors, that allows us to produce synthetic datasets needed for training of machine learning models. The proposed approach is evaluated on a public dataset provided by Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange including 1, 035 subjects coming from 17 different brain imaging centers. Our machine learning model outperforms other state of the art methods from 10 imaging centers with increase in classification accuracy up to 28% with maximum accuracy of 82%. The machine learning technique presented in this paper, in addition to yielding better quality, gives enormous advantages in terms of execution time (40 min vs. 7 h on other methods). The implemented code is available as GPL license on GitHub portal of our lab (https://github.com/pcdslab/ASD-DiagNet).
31872334	PMC7117996	10.3758/s13415-019-00763-7	Meta-analytic clustering dissociates brain activity and behavior profiles across reward processing paradigms	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Poudel R', 'Salo T', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2020	4	3	Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci	20	2	215-235	Reward learning is a ubiquitous cognitive mechanism guiding adaptive choices and behaviors, and when impaired, can lead to considerable mental health consequences. Reward-related functional neuroimaging studies have begun to implicate networks of brain regions essential for processing various peripheral influences (e.g., risk, subjective preference, delay, social context) involved in the multifaceted reward processing construct. To provide a more complete neurocognitive perspective on reward processing that synthesizes findings across the literature while also appreciating these peripheral influences, we used emerging meta-analytic techniques to elucidate brain regions, and in turn networks, consistently engaged in distinct aspects of reward processing. Using a data-driven, meta-analytic, k-means clustering approach, we dissociated seven meta-analytic groupings (MAGs) of neuroimaging results (i.e., brain activity maps) from 749 experimental contrasts across 176 reward processing studies involving 13,358 healthy participants. We then performed an exploratory functional decoding approach to gain insight into the putative functions associated with each MAG. We identified a seven-MAG clustering solution that represented dissociable patterns of convergent brain activity across reward processing tasks. Additionally, our functional decoding analyses revealed that each of these MAGs mapped onto discrete behavior profiles that suggested specialized roles in predicting value (MAG-1 & MAG-2) and processing a variety of emotional (MAG-3), external (MAG-4 & MAG-5), and internal (MAG-6 & MAG-7) influences across reward processing paradigms. These findings support and extend aspects of well-accepted reward learning theories and highlight large-scale brain network activity associated with distinct aspects of reward processing.
31872334	PMC7117996	10.3758/s13415-019-00763-7	Meta-analytic clustering dissociates brain activity and behavior profiles across reward processing paradigms	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Poudel R', 'Salo T', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2020	4	3	Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci	20	2	215-235	Reward learning is a ubiquitous cognitive mechanism guiding adaptive choices and behaviors, and when impaired, can lead to considerable mental health consequences. Reward-related functional neuroimaging studies have begun to implicate networks of brain regions essential for processing various peripheral influences (e.g., risk, subjective preference, delay, social context) involved in the multifaceted reward processing construct. To provide a more complete neurocognitive perspective on reward processing that synthesizes findings across the literature while also appreciating these peripheral influences, we used emerging meta-analytic techniques to elucidate brain regions, and in turn networks, consistently engaged in distinct aspects of reward processing. Using a data-driven, meta-analytic, k-means clustering approach, we dissociated seven meta-analytic groupings (MAGs) of neuroimaging results (i.e., brain activity maps) from 749 experimental contrasts across 176 reward processing studies involving 13,358 healthy participants. We then performed an exploratory functional decoding approach to gain insight into the putative functions associated with each MAG. We identified a seven-MAG clustering solution that represented dissociable patterns of convergent brain activity across reward processing tasks. Additionally, our functional decoding analyses revealed that each of these MAGs mapped onto discrete behavior profiles that suggested specialized roles in predicting value (MAG-1 & MAG-2) and processing a variety of emotional (MAG-3), external (MAG-4 & MAG-5), and internal (MAG-6 & MAG-7) influences across reward processing paradigms. These findings support and extend aspects of well-accepted reward learning theories and highlight large-scale brain network activity associated with distinct aspects of reward processing.
31995811	PMC7075893	10.1038/s41386-020-0623-1	Nicotine dependence (trait) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state) modulate attention but not inhibitory control: converging fMRI evidence from Go-Nogo and Flanker tasks	['Lesage E', 'Sutherland MT', 'Ross TJ', 'Salmeron BJ', 'Stein EA']	2020	4	3	Neuropsychopharmacology	45	5	857-865	Cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal may contribute to smoking relapse. However, interacting effects of chronic nicotine dependence and acute nicotine withdrawal on cognitive control are poorly understood. Here we examine the effects of nicotine dependence (trait; smokers (n = 24) vs. non-smoking controls; n = 20) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state; administration of nicotine and varenicline, two FDA-approved smoking cessation aids, during abstinence), on two well-established tests of inhibitory control, the Go-Nogo task and the Flanker task, during fMRI scanning. We compared performance and neural responses between these four pharmacological manipulations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. As expected, performance in both tasks was modulated by nicotine dependence, abstinence, and pharmacological manipulation. However, effects were driven entirely by conditions that required less inhibitory control. When demand for inhibitory control was high, abstinent smokers showed no deficits. By contrast, acutely abstinent smokers showed performance deficits in easier conditions and missed more trials. Go-Nogo fMRI results showed decreased inhibition-related neural activity in right anterior insula and right putamen in smokers and decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity on nicotine across groups. No effects were found on inhibition-related activity during the Flanker task or on error-related activity in either task. Given robust nicotinic effects on physiology and behavioral deficits in attention, we are confident that pharmacological manipulations were effective. Thus findings fit a recent proposal that abstinent smokers show decreased ability to divert cognitive resources at low or intermediate cognitive demand, while performance at high cognitive demand remains relatively unaffected, suggesting a primary attentional deficit during acute abstinence.
32038473	PMC6993791	10.3389/fneur.2020.00018	Functional Characterization of Atrophy Patterns Related to Cognitive Impairment	['Schnellbacher GJ', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Caspers S', 'Nickl-Jockschat T', 'Fox PT', 'Laird AR', 'Schulz JB', 'Reetz K', 'Dogan I']	2020	7	3	Front Neurol	11		18	Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogenous syndrome considered as a risk factor for developing dementia. Previous work examining morphological brain changes in MCI has identified a temporo-parietal atrophy pattern that suggests a common neuroanatomical denominator of cognitive impairment. Using functional connectivity analyses of structurally affected regions in MCI, we aimed to investigate and characterize functional networks formed by these regions that appear to be particularly vulnerable to disease-related disruptions. Methods: Areas of convergent atrophy in MCI were derived from a quantitative meta-analysis and encompassed left and right medial temporal (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala), as well as parietal regions (precuneus), which were defined as seed regions for connectivity analyses. Both task-based meta-analytical connectivity modeling (MACM) based on the BrainMap database and task-free resting-state functional MRI in a large cohort of older adults from the 1000BRAINS study were applied. We additionally assessed behavioral characteristics associated with the seed regions using BrainMap meta-data and investigated correlations of resting-state connectivity with age. Results: The left temporal seed showed stronger associations with a fronto-temporal network, whereas the right temporal atrophy cluster was more linked to cortico-striatal regions. In accordance with this, behavioral analysis indicated an emphasis of the left temporal seed on language generation, and the right temporal seed was associated with the domains of emotion and attention. Task-independent co-activation was more pronounced in the parietal seed, which demonstrated stronger connectivity with a frontoparietal network and associations with introspection and social cognition. Correlation analysis revealed both decreasing and increasing functional connectivity with higher age that may add to pathological processes but also indicates compensatory mechanisms of functional reorganization with increasing age. Conclusion: Our findings provide an important pathophysiological link between morphological changes and the clinical relevance of major structural damage in MCI. Multimodal analysis of functional networks related to areas of MCI-typical atrophy may help to explain cognitive decline and behavioral alterations not tractable by a mere anatomical interpretation and therefore contribute to prognostic evaluations.
32067196		10.1007/s12021-020-09454-y	Ontological Dimensions of Cognitive-Neural Mappings	['Bolt T', 'Nomi JS', 'Arens R', 'Vij SG', 'Riedel M', 'Salo T', 'Laird AR', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Uddin LQ']	2020	6	3	Neuroinformatics	18	3	451-463	The growing literature reporting results of cognitive-neural mappings has increased calls for an adequate organizing ontology, or taxonomy, of these mappings. This enterprise is non-trivial, as relevant dimensions that might contribute to such an ontology are not yet agreed upon. We propose that any candidate dimensions should be evaluated on their ability to explain observed differences in functional neuroimaging activation patterns. In this study, we use a large sample of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (task-fMRI) results and a data-driven strategy to identify these dimensions. First, using a data-driven dimension reduction approach and multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR), we quantify the variance among activation maps that is explained by existing ontological dimensions. We find that 'task paradigm' categories explain more variance among task-activation maps than other dimensions, including latent cognitive categories. Surprisingly, 'study ID', or the study from which each activation map was reported, explained close to 50% of the variance in activation patterns. Using a clustering approach that allows for overlapping clusters, we derived data-driven latent activation states, associated with re-occurring configurations of the canonical frontoparietal, salience, sensory-motor, and default mode network activation patterns. Importantly, with only four data-driven latent dimensions, one can explain greater variance among activation maps than all conventional ontological dimensions combined. These latent dimensions may inform a data-driven cognitive ontology, and suggest that current descriptions of cognitive processes and the tasks used to elicit them do not accurately reflect activation patterns commonly observed in the human brain.
32078973	PMC7127964	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107884	Common and distinct brain activity associated with risky and ambiguous decision-making	['Poudel R', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2020	4	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	209		107884	Two often-studied forms of uncertain decision-making (DM) are risky-DM (outcome probabilities known) and ambiguous-DM (outcome probabilities unknown). While DM in general is associated with activation of several brain regions, previous neuroimaging efforts suggest a dissociation between activity linked with risky and ambiguous choices. However, the common and distinct neurobiological correlates associated with risky- and ambiguous-DM, as well as their specificity when compared to perceptual-DM (as a 'control condition'), remains to be clarified. We conducted multiple meta-analyses on neuroimaging results from 151 studies to characterize common and domain-specific brain activity during risky-, ambiguous-, and perceptual-DM. When considering all DM tasks, convergent activity was observed in brain regions considered to be consituents of the canonical salience, valuation, and executive control networks. When considering subgroups of studies, risky-DM (vs. perceptual-DM) was linked with convergent activity in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions associated with reward-related processes (determined by objective functional decoding). When considering ambiguous-DM (vs. perceptual-DM), activity convergence was observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula, regions implicated in affectively-neutral mental processes (e.g., cognitive control and behavioral responding; determined by functional decoding). An exploratory meta-analysis comparing brain activity between substance users and non-users during risky-DM identified reduced convergent activity among users in the striatum, cingulate, and thalamus. Taken together, these findings suggest a dissociation of brain regions linked with risky- and ambiguous-DM reflecting possible differential functionality and highlight brain alterations potentially contributing to poor decision-making in the context of substance use disorders.
32078973	PMC7127964	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107884	Common and distinct brain activity associated with risky and ambiguous decision-making	['Poudel R', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2020	4	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	209		107884	Two often-studied forms of uncertain decision-making (DM) are risky-DM (outcome probabilities known) and ambiguous-DM (outcome probabilities unknown). While DM in general is associated with activation of several brain regions, previous neuroimaging efforts suggest a dissociation between activity linked with risky and ambiguous choices. However, the common and distinct neurobiological correlates associated with risky- and ambiguous-DM, as well as their specificity when compared to perceptual-DM (as a 'control condition'), remains to be clarified. We conducted multiple meta-analyses on neuroimaging results from 151 studies to characterize common and domain-specific brain activity during risky-, ambiguous-, and perceptual-DM. When considering all DM tasks, convergent activity was observed in brain regions considered to be consituents of the canonical salience, valuation, and executive control networks. When considering subgroups of studies, risky-DM (vs. perceptual-DM) was linked with convergent activity in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions associated with reward-related processes (determined by objective functional decoding). When considering ambiguous-DM (vs. perceptual-DM), activity convergence was observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula, regions implicated in affectively-neutral mental processes (e.g., cognitive control and behavioral responding; determined by functional decoding). An exploratory meta-analysis comparing brain activity between substance users and non-users during risky-DM identified reduced convergent activity among users in the striatum, cingulate, and thalamus. Taken together, these findings suggest a dissociation of brain regions linked with risky- and ambiguous-DM reflecting possible differential functionality and highlight brain alterations potentially contributing to poor decision-making in the context of substance use disorders.
32144045	PMC7214118	10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.002	Disruptive Behavior Problems, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Regional Gray Matter Volume in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study	['Waller R', 'Hawes SW', 'Byrd AL', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Tobia MJ', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2020	5	3	Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging	5	5	481-489	BACKGROUND: Neurobiological differences linked to socioemotional and cognitive processing are well documented in youths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), especially youths with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study expanded this literature by examining gray matter volume (GMV) differences among youths with DBD with CU traits (DBDCU+), youths with DBD without CU traits (DBD-only), and youths that were typically developing (TD). METHODS: Data were from the first full sample release of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (mean age = 9.49 years; 49% female). We tested whether the GMVs of 11 regions of interest selected a priori differentiated between our 3 groups: DBDCU+ (n = 288), DBD-only (n = 362), and TD (n = 915). Models accounted for demographic confounders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and intracranial volume. We examined two potential moderators of the relationship between GMVs and group membership: sex and clinically significant anxiety (i.e., primary vs. secondary CU traits subtype). RESULTS: Youths in the DBDCU+ group had lower right amygdala GMV, and youths in the DBD-only group had lower bilateral amygdala GMV relative to TD youths. Youths in the DBDCU+ group had lower bilateral hippocampal GMV, and youths in the DBD-only group had lower left hippocampal GMV relative to TD youths. Youths in the DBDCU+ group evidenced lower left insula GMV relative to TD youths. Finally, youths in the DBD-only group had lower left superior frontal gyrus and lower right caudal anterior cingulate cortex GMVs relative to TD youths. There was no moderation of associations between GMV and group membership by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings implicate structural aberrations in both the amygdala and hippocampus in the etiology of DBDs, with minimal evidence for differences based on the presence or absence of CU traits.
32144045	PMC7214118	10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.002	Disruptive Behavior Problems, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Regional Gray Matter Volume in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study	['Waller R', 'Hawes SW', 'Byrd AL', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Tobia MJ', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2020	5	3	Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging	5	5	481-489	BACKGROUND: Neurobiological differences linked to socioemotional and cognitive processing are well documented in youths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), especially youths with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study expanded this literature by examining gray matter volume (GMV) differences among youths with DBD with CU traits (DBDCU+), youths with DBD without CU traits (DBD-only), and youths that were typically developing (TD). METHODS: Data were from the first full sample release of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (mean age = 9.49 years; 49% female). We tested whether the GMVs of 11 regions of interest selected a priori differentiated between our 3 groups: DBDCU+ (n = 288), DBD-only (n = 362), and TD (n = 915). Models accounted for demographic confounders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and intracranial volume. We examined two potential moderators of the relationship between GMVs and group membership: sex and clinically significant anxiety (i.e., primary vs. secondary CU traits subtype). RESULTS: Youths in the DBDCU+ group had lower right amygdala GMV, and youths in the DBD-only group had lower bilateral amygdala GMV relative to TD youths. Youths in the DBDCU+ group had lower bilateral hippocampal GMV, and youths in the DBD-only group had lower left hippocampal GMV relative to TD youths. Youths in the DBDCU+ group evidenced lower left insula GMV relative to TD youths. Finally, youths in the DBD-only group had lower left superior frontal gyrus and lower right caudal anterior cingulate cortex GMVs relative to TD youths. There was no moderation of associations between GMV and group membership by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings implicate structural aberrations in both the amygdala and hippocampus in the etiology of DBDs, with minimal evidence for differences based on the presence or absence of CU traits.
32483374	PMC7771346	10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9	Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams	"['Botvinik-Nezer R', 'Holzmeister F', 'Camerer CF', 'Dreber A', 'Huber J', 'Johannesson M', 'Kirchler M', 'Iwanir R', 'Mumford JA', 'Adcock RA', 'Avesani P', 'Baczkowski BM', 'Bajracharya A', 'Bakst L', 'Ball S', 'Barilari M', 'Bault N', 'Beaton D', 'Beitner J', 'Benoit RG', 'Berkers RMWJ', 'Bhanji JP', 'Biswal BB', 'Bobadilla-Suarez S', 'Bortolini T', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bowring A', 'Braem S', 'Brooks HR', 'Brudner EG', 'Calderon CB', 'Camilleri JA', 'Castrellon JJ', 'Cecchetti L', 'Cieslik EC', 'Cole ZJ', 'Collignon O', 'Cox RW', 'Cunningham WA', 'Czoschke S', 'Dadi K', 'Davis CP', 'Luca A', 'Delgado MR', 'Demetriou L', 'Dennison JB', 'Di X', 'Dickie EW', 'Dobryakova E', 'Donnat CL', 'Dukart J', 'Duncan NW', 'Durnez J', 'Eed A', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Erhart A', 'Fontanesi L', 'Fricke GM', 'Fu S', 'Galvan A', 'Gau R', 'Genon S', 'Glatard T', 'Glerean E', 'Goeman JJ', 'Golowin SAE', 'Gonzalez-Garcia C', 'Gorgolewski KJ', 'Grady CL', 'Green MA', 'Guassi Moreira JF', 'Guest O', 'Hakimi S', 'Hamilton JP', 'Hancock R', 'Handjaras G', 'Harry BB', 'Hawco C', 'Herholz P', 'Herman G', 'Heunis S', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Hogeveen J', 'Holmes S', 'Hu CP', 'Huettel SA', 'Hughes ME', 'Iacovella V', 'Iordan AD', 'Isager PM', 'Isik AI', 'Jahn A', 'Johnson MR', 'Johnstone T', 'Joseph MJE', 'Juliano AC', 'Kable JW', 'Kassinopoulos M', 'Koba C', 'Kong XZ', 'Koscik TR', 'Kucukboyaci NE', 'Kuhl BA', 'Kupek S', 'Laird AR', 'Lamm C', 'Langner R', 'Lauharatanahirun N', 'Lee H', 'Lee S', 'Leemans A', 'Leo A', 'Lesage E', 'Li F', 'Li MYC', 'Lim PC', 'Lintz EN', 'Liphardt SW', 'Losecaat Vermeer AB', 'Love BC', 'Mack ML', 'Malpica N', 'Marins T', 'Maumet C', 'McDonald K', 'McGuire JT', 'Melero H', 'Mendez Leal AS', 'Meyer B', 'Meyer KN', 'Mihai G', 'Mitsis GD', 'Moll J', 'Nielson DM', 'Nilsonne G', 'Notter MP', 'Olivetti E', 'Onicas AI', 'Papale P', 'Patil KR', 'Peelle JE', 'Perez A', 'Pischedda D', 'Poline JB', 'Prystauka Y', 'Ray S', 'Reuter-Lorenz PA', 'Reynolds RC', 'Ricciardi E', 'Rieck JR', 'Rodriguez-Thompson AM', 'Romyn A', 'Salo T', 'Samanez-Larkin GR', 'Sanz-Morales E', 'Schlichting ML', 'Schultz DH', 'Shen Q', 'Sheridan MA', 'Silvers JA', 'Skagerlund K', 'Smith A', 'Smith DV', 'Sokol-Hessner P', 'Steinkamp SR', 'Tashjian SM', 'Thirion B', 'Thorp JN', 'Tinghog G', 'Tisdall L', 'Tompson SH', 'Toro-Serey C', 'Torre Tresols JJ', 'Tozzi L', 'Truong V', 'Turella L', ""van 't Veer AE"", 'Verguts T', 'Vettel JM', 'Vijayarajah S', 'Vo K', 'Wall MB', 'Weeda WD', 'Weis S', 'White DJ', 'Wisniewski D', 'Xifra-Porxas A', 'Yearling EA', 'Yoon S', 'Yuan R', 'Yuen KSL', 'Zhang L', 'Zhang X', 'Zosky JE', 'Nichols TE', 'Poldrack RA', 'Schonberg T']"	2020	6	3	Nature	582	7810	84-88	Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed.
32559666	PMC7371533	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108118	A preliminary validation of the adolescent e-cigarette consequences questionnaire	['Cristello JV', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2020	8	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	213		108118	INTRODUCTION: Given the recent dramatic increase among adolescents in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), there is a growing need to identify outcome expectancies that influence the initiation or continued use of e-cigarettes. While a self-report measure exists for assessing adolescent outcome expectancies for cigarette use, there is currently not one available for e-cigarette use. Validation and use of such a measure would provide insight into the growing popularity of e-cigarettes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 264 (50.76 % female, 86.36 % White, 84.47 % Hispanic/Latinx) freshmen and sophomores from South Florida high schools who were identified as at-risk for e-cigarette use. The current study adapted the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (ASCQ) to derive the Adolescent E-Cigarette Consequences Questionnaire (AECQ) to characterize e-cigarette outcome expectancies. A confirmatory factor analysis was estimated to test the underlying factor structure. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a seven-factor structure (negative affect reduction, taste/sensorimotor manipulation, social facilitation, weight control, negative physical feelings, boredom reduction, and negative social impression) after removing two items with low factor loadings from the social facilitation subscale. After removing these items, factor loadings ranged from 0.46 to 0.86. CONCLUSION: The current study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that the Adolescent E-Cigarette Consequences Questionnaire is a psychometrically sound measure. Future work should continue to test this measure among diverse samples of adolescents (e.g., non-Latinx samples) with varying levels of use.
32659287		10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.001	Multiple large-scale neural networks underlying emotion regulation	['Morawetz C', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Berboth S', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Kohn N']	2020	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	116		382-395	Recent models suggest emotion generation, perception, and regulation rely on multiple, interacting large-scale brain networks. Despite the wealth of research in this field, the exact functional nature and different topological features of these neural networks remain elusive. Here, we addressed both using a well-established data-driven meta-analytic grouping approach. We applied k-means clustering to a large set of previously published experiments investigating emotion regulation (independent of strategy, goal and stimulus type) to segregate the results of these experiments into large-scale networks. To elucidate the functional nature of these distinct networks, we used functional decoding of metadata terms (i.e. task-level descriptions and behavioral domains). We identified four large-scale brain networks. The first two were related to regulation and functionally characterized by a stronger focus on response inhibition or executive control versus appraisal or language processing. In contrast, the second two networks were primarily related to emotion generation, appraisal, and physiological processes. We discuss how our findings corroborate and inform contemporary models of emotion regulation and thereby significantly add to the literature.
32731811	PMC7855017	10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19101092	Reward Processing in Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Callous-Unemotional Traits in the ABCD Study	['Hawes SW', 'Waller R', 'Byrd AL', 'Bjork JM', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Tobia MJ', 'Thomson N', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2021	4	1	Am J Psychiatry	178	4	333-342	OBJECTIVE: Disrupted reward processing is implicated in the etiology of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and callous-unemotional traits. However, neuroimaging investigations of reward processing underlying these phenotypes remain sparse. The authors examined neural sensitivity in response to reward anticipation and receipt among youths with DBDs, with and without callous-unemotional traits. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (mean age=9.51 years [SD=0.50]; 49% female). Reward-related activation during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 brain regions, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Latent variable modeling was used to examine network-level coactivation. The following diagnostic groups were compared: typically developing youths (N=693) and youths with DBDs (N=995), subdivided into those with callous-unemotional traits (DBD+CU, N=198) and without callous-unemotional traits (DBD only, N=276). RESULTS: During reward anticipation, youths in the overall DBD group (with and without callous-unemotional traits) showed decreased dorsal ACC activation compared with typically developing youths. The DBD-only group exhibited reduced ventral and dorsal striatal activity compared with the DBD+CU and typically developing groups. During reward receipt, youths with DBDs showed increased cortical (e.g., OFC) and subcortical (e.g., NAcc) regional activation compared with typically developing youths. The DBD+CU group demonstrated greater activation in several regions compared with those in the typically developing (e.g., amygdala) and DBD-only (e.g., dorsal ACC) groups. At the network level, the DBD-only group showed reduced anticipatory reward activation compared with the typically developing and DBD+CU groups, whereas youths in the DBD+CU group showed increased activation during reward receipt compared with those in the typically developing group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance our understanding of unique neuroetiologic pathways to DBDs and callous-unemotional traits.
32731811	PMC7855017	10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19101092	Reward Processing in Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Callous-Unemotional Traits in the ABCD Study	['Hawes SW', 'Waller R', 'Byrd AL', 'Bjork JM', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Riedel MC', 'Tobia MJ', 'Thomson N', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2021	4	1	Am J Psychiatry	178	4	333-342	OBJECTIVE: Disrupted reward processing is implicated in the etiology of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and callous-unemotional traits. However, neuroimaging investigations of reward processing underlying these phenotypes remain sparse. The authors examined neural sensitivity in response to reward anticipation and receipt among youths with DBDs, with and without callous-unemotional traits. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (mean age=9.51 years [SD=0.50]; 49% female). Reward-related activation during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 brain regions, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Latent variable modeling was used to examine network-level coactivation. The following diagnostic groups were compared: typically developing youths (N=693) and youths with DBDs (N=995), subdivided into those with callous-unemotional traits (DBD+CU, N=198) and without callous-unemotional traits (DBD only, N=276). RESULTS: During reward anticipation, youths in the overall DBD group (with and without callous-unemotional traits) showed decreased dorsal ACC activation compared with typically developing youths. The DBD-only group exhibited reduced ventral and dorsal striatal activity compared with the DBD+CU and typically developing groups. During reward receipt, youths with DBDs showed increased cortical (e.g., OFC) and subcortical (e.g., NAcc) regional activation compared with typically developing youths. The DBD+CU group demonstrated greater activation in several regions compared with those in the typically developing (e.g., amygdala) and DBD-only (e.g., dorsal ACC) groups. At the network level, the DBD-only group showed reduced anticipatory reward activation compared with the typically developing and DBD+CU groups, whereas youths in the DBD+CU group showed increased activation during reward receipt compared with those in the typically developing group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance our understanding of unique neuroetiologic pathways to DBDs and callous-unemotional traits.
32860642	PMC7780291	10.1002/jrsm.1448	Estimating the prevalence of missing experiments in a neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Samartsidis P', 'Montagna S', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Johnson TD', 'Nichols TE']	2020	11	3	Res Synth Methods	11	6	866-883	Coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMA) allow researchers to combine the results from multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments with the goal of obtaining results that are more likely to generalize. However, the interpretation of CBMA findings can be impaired by the file drawer problem, a type of publication bias that refers to experiments that are carried out but are not published. Using foci per contrast count data from the BrainMap database, we propose a zero-truncated modeling approach that allows us to estimate the prevalence of nonsignificant experiments. We validate our method with simulations and real coordinate data generated from the Human Connectome Project. Application of our method to the data from BrainMap provides evidence for the existence of a file drawer effect, with the rate of missing experiments estimated as at least 6 per 100 reported. The R code that we used is available at https://osf.io/ayhfv/.
33075692	PMC7861130	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108346	Predictors of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe and cigarette smokers: A 6-year longitudinal analysis	['Ebrahimi Kalan M', 'Bahelah R', 'Bursac Z', 'Ben Taleb Z', 'DiFranza JR', 'Tleis M', 'Nakkash R', 'Jebai R', 'Alam MM', 'Cano MA', 'Sutherland MT', 'Fenni K', 'Asfar T', 'Eissenberg T', 'Ward KD', 'Maziak W']	2020	12	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	217		108346	OBJECTIVE: Identifying the factors associated with nicotine dependence (ND) is essential to prevent initiation and continued use, and to promote cessation among youth. This study aims to document the predictors of the appearance of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome among adolescent waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smokers. METHODS: A 6-year longitudinal study was conducted among 8th and 9th graders from 38 schools in Lebanon. The analysis sample included exclusive-WP (n = 228) and exclusive-cigarette smokers (n = 139). Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterizing predictors of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome. RESULTS: Predictors of experiencing initial ND symptoms among WP smokers included low maternal educational level, having a sibling who smoked WP, low physical activity, high body mass index (BMI), smoking initiation at a younger age. For cigarette smokers these were being male, younger, having lower BMI, having a sibling who smoked cigarettes, living in a crowded household, and smoking daily. Among WP smokers, predictors of developing full ND syndrome include being younger, believing that WP smokers have more friends, depression, high levels of impulsivity, and initiating smoking at a younger age. For cigarette smokers, predictors of full ND syndrome were being younger and initiating smoking at a younger age. CONCLUSION: Smoking cessation and prevention interventions targeting youth should address modifiable, and tobacco use-specific factors that influence the development of ND among young WP and cigarette smokers. They also need to start at a younger age to target those most vulnerable to developing life-long addiction to tobacco products.
33325561	PMC8206237	10.1002/dev.22071	Altered hippocampal microstructure and function in children who experienced Hurricane Irma	['Conley MI', 'Skalaban LJ', 'Rapuano KM', 'Gonzalez R', 'Laird AR', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Watts R', 'Casey BJ']	2021	7	3	Dev Psychobiol	63	5	864-877	Hurricane Irma was the most powerful Atlantic hurricane in recorded history, displacing 6 million and killing over 120 people in the state of Florida alone. Unpredictable disasters like Irma are associated with poor cognitive and health outcomes that can disproportionately impact children. This study examined the effects of Hurricane Irma on the hippocampus and memory processes previously related to unpredictable stress. We used an innovative application of an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging technique, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), to characterize hippocampal microstructure (i.e., cell density) in 9- to 10-year-old children who were exposed to Hurricane Irma relative to a non-exposed control group (i.e., assessed the year before Hurricane Irma). We tested the hypotheses that the experience of Hurricane Irma would be associated with decreases in: (a) hippocampal cellularity (e.g., neurogenesis), based on known associations between unpredictable stress and hippocampal alterations; and (b) hippocampal-related memory function as indexed by delayed recall. We show an association between decreased hippocampal cellularity and delayed recall memory in children who experienced Hurricane Irma relative to those who did not. These findings suggest an important role of RSI for assessing subtle microstructural changes related to functionally significant changes in the developing brain in response to environmental events.
33325561	PMC8206237	10.1002/dev.22071	Altered hippocampal microstructure and function in children who experienced Hurricane Irma	['Conley MI', 'Skalaban LJ', 'Rapuano KM', 'Gonzalez R', 'Laird AR', 'Dick AS', 'Sutherland MT', 'Watts R', 'Casey BJ']	2021	7	3	Dev Psychobiol	63	5	864-877	Hurricane Irma was the most powerful Atlantic hurricane in recorded history, displacing 6 million and killing over 120 people in the state of Florida alone. Unpredictable disasters like Irma are associated with poor cognitive and health outcomes that can disproportionately impact children. This study examined the effects of Hurricane Irma on the hippocampus and memory processes previously related to unpredictable stress. We used an innovative application of an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging technique, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), to characterize hippocampal microstructure (i.e., cell density) in 9- to 10-year-old children who were exposed to Hurricane Irma relative to a non-exposed control group (i.e., assessed the year before Hurricane Irma). We tested the hypotheses that the experience of Hurricane Irma would be associated with decreases in: (a) hippocampal cellularity (e.g., neurogenesis), based on known associations between unpredictable stress and hippocampal alterations; and (b) hippocampal-related memory function as indexed by delayed recall. We show an association between decreased hippocampal cellularity and delayed recall memory in children who experienced Hurricane Irma relative to those who did not. These findings suggest an important role of RSI for assessing subtle microstructural changes related to functionally significant changes in the developing brain in response to environmental events.
33431246	PMC8012253	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.12.002	Do Parents Still Matter? The Impact of Parents and Peers on Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use	['Trucco EM', 'Cristello JV', 'Sutherland MT']	2021	4	3	J Adolesc Health	68	4	780-786	PURPOSE: Vaping among adolescents has reached epidemic levels. Identifying factors associated with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use initiation could inform prevention programming. This study examined whether parental attitudes toward e-cigarettes impacted adolescent e-cigarette use intentions, positive expectancies of use, and actual use when accounting for adolescent attitudes and peer norms. Parents' negative attitudes toward e-cigarettes were expected to reduce teen e-cigarette use intentions. Low e-cigarette use intentions were expected to mediate the association between parental attitudes and teen e-cigarette use. Peer norms were expected to be associated with positive expectancies. Positive expectancies were expected to mediate the association between peer norms and teen e-cigarette use. METHODS: A sample of e-cigarette naive adolescents (n = 176, aged 14-17 years, 52% female, 82% Latinx/Hispanic) and their parents were assessed. Parents and adolescents rated harm associated with e-cigarette use. Adolescents reported their perceptions of peer e-cigarette norms, intentions, positive expectancies, and e-cigarette use. Cross-sectional models were estimated for e-cigarette use intentions and positive expectancies. Prospective mediation models (n = 142) characterized pathways to e-cigarette use. RESULTS: Parents' attitudes toward e-cigarettes were associated with weaker intentions. Intentions mediated the association between parental attitudes and e-cigarette use. Adolescents reporting favorable e-cigarette peer norms endorsed more positive expectancies. Positive expectancies did not mediate the association between peer norms and e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: Parents actively shape adolescent e-cigarette use even when accounting for peer norms and adolescent attitudes. Involving parents in prevention programming may help reduce vaping among teens. These associations should be examined with a larger and more diverse sample.
33679599	PMC7930488	10.3389/fendo.2020.549928	Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study	['Herting MM', 'Uban KA', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Baker FC', 'Kan EC', 'Thompson WK', 'Granger DA', 'Albaugh MD', 'Anokhin AP', 'Bagot KS', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Breslin FJ', 'Casey BJ', 'Chaarani B', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak CC', 'Constable RT', 'Cottler LB', 'Dagher RK', 'Dapretto M', 'Dick AS', 'Dosenbach N', 'Dowling GJ', 'Dumas JA', 'Edwards S', 'Ernst T', 'Fair DA', 'Feldstein-Ewing SW', 'Freedman EG', 'Fuemmeler BF', 'Garavan H', 'Gee DG', 'Giedd JN', 'Glaser PEA', 'Goldstone A', 'Gray KM', 'Hawes SW', 'Heath AC', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser CJ', 'Hoffman EA', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Infante MA', 'Ivanova MY', 'Jacobus J', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karcher NR', 'Laird AR', 'LeBlanc KH', 'Lisdahl K', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Maes HH', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'McGlade EC', 'Morris AS', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neigh GN', 'Palmer CE', 'Paulus MP', 'Potter AS', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapakse N', 'Rapuano K', 'Reeves G', 'Renshaw PF', 'Schirda C', 'Sher KJ', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Squeglia LM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tapert SF', 'Tomko RL', 'Yurgelun-Todd D', 'Wade NE', 'Weiss SRB', 'Zucker RA', 'Sowell ER']	2020	7	3	Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)	11		549928	AIM: To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. RESULTS: PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.
33679599	PMC7930488	10.3389/fendo.2020.549928	Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study	['Herting MM', 'Uban KA', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Baker FC', 'Kan EC', 'Thompson WK', 'Granger DA', 'Albaugh MD', 'Anokhin AP', 'Bagot KS', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Breslin FJ', 'Casey BJ', 'Chaarani B', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak CC', 'Constable RT', 'Cottler LB', 'Dagher RK', 'Dapretto M', 'Dick AS', 'Dosenbach N', 'Dowling GJ', 'Dumas JA', 'Edwards S', 'Ernst T', 'Fair DA', 'Feldstein-Ewing SW', 'Freedman EG', 'Fuemmeler BF', 'Garavan H', 'Gee DG', 'Giedd JN', 'Glaser PEA', 'Goldstone A', 'Gray KM', 'Hawes SW', 'Heath AC', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser CJ', 'Hoffman EA', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Infante MA', 'Ivanova MY', 'Jacobus J', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karcher NR', 'Laird AR', 'LeBlanc KH', 'Lisdahl K', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Maes HH', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'McGlade EC', 'Morris AS', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neigh GN', 'Palmer CE', 'Paulus MP', 'Potter AS', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapakse N', 'Rapuano K', 'Reeves G', 'Renshaw PF', 'Schirda C', 'Sher KJ', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Squeglia LM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tapert SF', 'Tomko RL', 'Yurgelun-Todd D', 'Wade NE', 'Weiss SRB', 'Zucker RA', 'Sowell ER']	2020	7	3	Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)	11		549928	AIM: To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. RESULTS: PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.
33749724	PMC7985817	10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0306	Rates of Incidental Findings in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children	['Li Y', 'Thompson WK', 'Reuter C', 'Nillo R', 'Jernigan T', 'Dale A', 'Sugrue LP', 'Brown J', 'Dougherty RF', 'Rauschecker A', 'Rudie J', 'Barch DM', 'Calhoun V', 'Hagler D', 'Hatton S', 'Tanabe J', 'Marshall A', 'Sher KJ', 'Heeringa S', 'Hermosillo R', 'Banich MT', 'Squeglia L', 'Bjork J', 'Zucker R', 'Neale M', 'Herting M', 'Sheth C', 'Huber R', 'Reeves G', 'Hettema JM', 'Howlett KD', 'Cloak C', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Rapuano K', 'Gonzalez R', 'Karcher N', 'Laird A', 'Baker F', 'James R', 'Sowell E', 'Dick A', 'Hawes S', 'Sutherland M', 'Bagot K', 'Bodurka J', 'Breslin F', 'Morris A', 'Paulus M', 'Gray K', 'Hoffman E', 'Weiss S', 'Rajapakse N', 'Glantz M', 'Nagel B', 'Ewing SF', 'Goldstone A', 'Pfefferbaum A', 'Prouty D', 'Rosenberg M', 'Bookheimer S', 'Tapert S', 'Infante M', 'Jacobus J', 'Giedd J', 'Shilling P', 'Wade N', 'Uban K', 'Haist F', 'Heyser C', 'Palmer C', 'Kuperman J', 'Hewitt J', 'Cottler L', 'Isaiah A', 'Chang L', 'Edwards S', 'Ernst T', 'Heitzeg M', 'Puttler L', 'Sripada C', 'Iacono W', 'Luciana M', 'Clark D', 'Luna B', 'Schirda C', 'Foxe J', 'Freedman E', 'Mason M', 'McGlade E', 'Renshaw P', 'Yurgelun-Todd D', 'Albaugh M', 'Allgaier N', 'Chaarani B', 'Potter A', 'Ivanova M', 'Lisdahl K', 'Do E', 'Maes H', 'Bogdan R', 'Anokhin A', 'Dosenbach N', 'Glaser P', 'Heath A', 'Casey BJ', 'Gee D', 'Garavan HP', 'Dowling G', 'Brown S']	2021	5	1	JAMA Neurol	78	5	578-587	IMPORTANCE: Incidental findings (IFs) are unexpected abnormalities discovered during imaging and can range from normal anatomic variants to findings requiring urgent medical intervention. In the case of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reliable data about the prevalence and significance of IFs in the general population are limited, making it difficult to anticipate, communicate, and manage these findings. OBJECTIVES: To determine the overall prevalence of IFs in brain MRI in the nonclinical pediatric population as well as the rates of specific findings and findings for which clinical referral is recommended. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was based on the April 2019 release of baseline data from 11 810 children aged 9 to 10 years who were enrolled and completed baseline neuroimaging in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, the largest US population-based longitudinal observational study of brain development and child health, between September 1, 2016, and November 15, 2018. Participants were enrolled at 21 sites across the US designed to mirror the demographic characteristics of the US population. Baseline structural MRIs were centrally reviewed for IFs by board-certified neuroradiologists and findings were described and categorized (category 1, no abnormal findings; 2, no referral recommended; 3; consider referral; and 4, consider immediate referral). Children were enrolled through a broad school-based recruitment process in which all children of eligible age at selected schools were invited to participate. Exclusion criteria were severe sensory, intellectual, medical, or neurologic disorders that would preclude or interfere with study participation. During the enrollment process, demographic data were monitored to ensure that the study met targets for sex, socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial diversity. Data were analyzed from March 15, 2018, to November 20, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Percentage of children with IFs in each category and prevalence of specific IFs. RESULTS: A total of 11 679 children (52.1% boys, mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.62] years) had interpretable baseline structural MRI results. Of these, 2464 participants (21.1%) had IFs, including 2013 children (17.2%) assigned to category 2, 431 (3.7%) assigned to category 3, and 20 (0.2%) assigned to category 4. Overall rates of IFs did not differ significantly between singleton and twin gestations or between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, but heritability analysis showed heritability for the presence or absence of IFs (h2 = 0.260; 95% CI, 0.135-0.387). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Incidental findings in brain MRI and findings with potential clinical significance are both common in the general pediatric population. By assessing IFs and concurrent developmental and health measures and following these findings over the longitudinal study course, the ABCD study has the potential to determine the significance of many common IFs.
33932337	PMC9153215	10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.001	Brainhack: Developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience	"['Gau R', 'Noble S', 'Heuer K', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bilgin IP', 'Yang YF', 'Huntenburg JM', 'Bayer JMM', 'Bethlehem RAI', 'Rhoads SA', 'Vogelbacher C', 'Borghesani V', 'Levitis E', 'Wang HT', 'Van Den Bossche S', 'Kobeleva X', 'Legarreta JH', 'Guay S', 'Atay SM', 'Varoquaux GP', 'Huijser DC', 'Sandstrom MS', 'Herholz P', 'Nastase SA', 'Badhwar A', 'Dumas G', 'Schwab S', 'Moia S', 'Dayan M', 'Bassil Y', 'Brooks PP', 'Mancini M', 'Shine JM', ""O'Connor D"", 'Xie X', 'Poggiali D', 'Friedrich P', 'Heinsfeld AS', 'Riedl L', 'Toro R', 'Caballero-Gaudes C', 'Eklund A', 'Garner KG', 'Nolan CR', 'Demeter DV', 'Barrios FA', 'Merchant JS', 'McDevitt EA', 'Oostenveld R', 'Craddock RC', 'Rokem A', 'Doyle A', 'Ghosh SS', 'Nikolaidis A', 'Stanley OW', 'Urunuela E']"	2021	6	2	Neuron	109	11	1769-1775	Brainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open, inclusive environment. This NeuroView describes the myriad benefits for participants and the research community and how Brainhacks complement conventional formats to augment scientific progress.
33970388		10.1007/s10548-021-00847-z	What Executive Function Network is that? An Image-Based Meta-Analysis of Network Labels	['Witt ST', 'van Ettinger-Veenstra H', 'Salo T', 'Riedel MC', 'Laird AR']	2021	9	3	Brain Topogr	34	5	598-607	The current state of label conventions used to describe brain networks related to executive functions is highly inconsistent, leading to confusion among researchers regarding network labels. Visually similar networks are referred to by different labels, yet these same labels are used to distinguish networks within studies. We performed a literature review of fMRI studies and identified nine frequently-used labels that are used to describe topographically or functionally similar neural networks: central executive network (CEN), cognitive control network (CCN), dorsal attention network (DAN), executive control network (ECN), executive network (EN), frontoparietal network (FPN), working memory network (WMN), task positive network (TPN), and ventral attention network (VAN). Our aim was to meta-analytically determine consistency of network topography within and across these labels. We hypothesized finding considerable overlap in the spatial topography among the neural networks associated with these labels. An image-based meta-analysis was performed on 158 group-level statistical maps (SPMs) received from authors of 69 papers listed on PubMed. Our results indicated that there was very little consistency in the SPMs labeled with a given network name. We identified four clusters of SPMs representing four spatially distinct executive function networks. We provide recommendations regarding label nomenclature and propose that authors looking to assign labels to executive function networks adopt this template set for labeling networks.
34099922	PMC8947197	10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9	Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study	['Chaarani B', 'Hahn S', 'Allgaier N', 'Adise S', 'Owens MM', 'Juliano AC', 'Yuan DK', 'Loso H', 'Ivanciu A', 'Albaugh MD', 'Dumas J', 'Mackey S', 'Laurent J', 'Ivanova M', 'Hagler DJ', 'Cornejo MD', 'Hatton S', 'Agrawal A', 'Aguinaldo L', 'Ahonen L', 'Aklin W', 'Anokhin AP', 'Arroyo J', 'Avenevoli S', 'Babcock D', 'Bagot K', 'Baker FC', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Bartsch H', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Bjork JM', 'Blachman-Demner D', 'Bloch M', 'Bogdan R', 'Bookheimer SY', 'Breslin F', 'Brown S', 'Calabro FJ', 'Calhoun V', 'Casey BJ', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak C', 'Constable RT', 'Constable K', 'Corley R', 'Cottler LB', 'Coxe S', 'Dagher RK', 'Dale AM', 'Dapretto M', 'Delcarmen-Wiggins R', 'Dick AS', 'Do EK', 'Dosenbach NUF', 'Dowling GJ', 'Edwards S', 'Ernst TM', 'Fair DA', 'Fan CC', 'Feczko E', 'Feldstein-Ewing SW', 'Florsheim P', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Friedman NP', 'Friedman-Hill S', 'Fuemmeler BF', 'Galvan A', 'Gee DG', 'Giedd J', 'Glantz M', 'Glaser P', 'Godino J', 'Gonzalez M', 'Gonzalez R', 'Grant S', 'Gray KM', 'Haist F', 'Harms MP', 'Hawes S', 'Heath AC', 'Heeringa S', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hermosillo R', 'Herting MM', 'Hettema JM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser C', 'Hoffman E', 'Howlett K', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Iacono WG', 'Infante MA', 'Irfanoglu O', 'Isaiah A', 'Iyengar S', 'Jacobus J', 'James R', 'Jean-Francois B', 'Jernigan T', 'Karcher NR', 'Kaufman A', 'Kelley B', 'Kit B', 'Ksinan A', 'Kuperman J', 'Laird AR', 'Larson C', 'LeBlanc K', 'Lessov-Schlagger C', 'Lever N', 'Lewis DA', 'Lisdahl K', 'Little AR', 'Lopez M', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Madden PA', 'Maes HH', 'Makowski C', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'Matochik J', 'McCandliss BD', 'McGlade E', 'Montoya I', 'Morgan G', 'Morris A', 'Mulford C', 'Murray P', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neale MC', 'Neigh G', 'Nencka A', 'Noronha A', 'Nixon SJ', 'Palmer CE', 'Pariyadath V', 'Paulus MP', 'Pelham WE', 'Pfefferbaum D', 'Pierpaoli C', 'Prescot A', 'Prouty D', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapaske N', 'Rapuano KM', 'Reeves G', 'Renshaw PF', 'Riedel MC', 'Rojas P', 'de la Rosa M', 'Rosenberg MD', 'Ross MJ', 'Sanchez M', 'Schirda C', 'Schloesser D', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sher KJ', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Simmons WK', 'Sowell ER', 'Speer N', 'Spittel M', 'Squeglia LM', 'Sripada C', 'Steinberg J', 'Striley C', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tanabe J', 'Tapert SF', 'Thompson W', 'Tomko RL', 'Uban KA', 'Vrieze S', 'Wade NE', 'Watts R', 'Weiss S', 'Wiens BA', 'Williams OD', 'Wilbur A', 'Wing D', 'Wolff-Hughes D', 'Yang R', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Zucker RA', 'Potter A', 'Garavan HP']	2021	8	3	Nat Neurosci	24	8	1176-1186	The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study((R)) is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.
34099922	PMC8947197	10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9	Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study	['Chaarani B', 'Hahn S', 'Allgaier N', 'Adise S', 'Owens MM', 'Juliano AC', 'Yuan DK', 'Loso H', 'Ivanciu A', 'Albaugh MD', 'Dumas J', 'Mackey S', 'Laurent J', 'Ivanova M', 'Hagler DJ', 'Cornejo MD', 'Hatton S', 'Agrawal A', 'Aguinaldo L', 'Ahonen L', 'Aklin W', 'Anokhin AP', 'Arroyo J', 'Avenevoli S', 'Babcock D', 'Bagot K', 'Baker FC', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Bartsch H', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Bjork JM', 'Blachman-Demner D', 'Bloch M', 'Bogdan R', 'Bookheimer SY', 'Breslin F', 'Brown S', 'Calabro FJ', 'Calhoun V', 'Casey BJ', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak C', 'Constable RT', 'Constable K', 'Corley R', 'Cottler LB', 'Coxe S', 'Dagher RK', 'Dale AM', 'Dapretto M', 'Delcarmen-Wiggins R', 'Dick AS', 'Do EK', 'Dosenbach NUF', 'Dowling GJ', 'Edwards S', 'Ernst TM', 'Fair DA', 'Fan CC', 'Feczko E', 'Feldstein-Ewing SW', 'Florsheim P', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Friedman NP', 'Friedman-Hill S', 'Fuemmeler BF', 'Galvan A', 'Gee DG', 'Giedd J', 'Glantz M', 'Glaser P', 'Godino J', 'Gonzalez M', 'Gonzalez R', 'Grant S', 'Gray KM', 'Haist F', 'Harms MP', 'Hawes S', 'Heath AC', 'Heeringa S', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hermosillo R', 'Herting MM', 'Hettema JM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser C', 'Hoffman E', 'Howlett K', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Iacono WG', 'Infante MA', 'Irfanoglu O', 'Isaiah A', 'Iyengar S', 'Jacobus J', 'James R', 'Jean-Francois B', 'Jernigan T', 'Karcher NR', 'Kaufman A', 'Kelley B', 'Kit B', 'Ksinan A', 'Kuperman J', 'Laird AR', 'Larson C', 'LeBlanc K', 'Lessov-Schlagger C', 'Lever N', 'Lewis DA', 'Lisdahl K', 'Little AR', 'Lopez M', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Madden PA', 'Maes HH', 'Makowski C', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'Matochik J', 'McCandliss BD', 'McGlade E', 'Montoya I', 'Morgan G', 'Morris A', 'Mulford C', 'Murray P', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neale MC', 'Neigh G', 'Nencka A', 'Noronha A', 'Nixon SJ', 'Palmer CE', 'Pariyadath V', 'Paulus MP', 'Pelham WE', 'Pfefferbaum D', 'Pierpaoli C', 'Prescot A', 'Prouty D', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapaske N', 'Rapuano KM', 'Reeves G', 'Renshaw PF', 'Riedel MC', 'Rojas P', 'de la Rosa M', 'Rosenberg MD', 'Ross MJ', 'Sanchez M', 'Schirda C', 'Schloesser D', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sher KJ', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Simmons WK', 'Sowell ER', 'Speer N', 'Spittel M', 'Squeglia LM', 'Sripada C', 'Steinberg J', 'Striley C', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tanabe J', 'Tapert SF', 'Thompson W', 'Tomko RL', 'Uban KA', 'Vrieze S', 'Wade NE', 'Watts R', 'Weiss S', 'Wiens BA', 'Williams OD', 'Wilbur A', 'Wing D', 'Wolff-Hughes D', 'Yang R', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Zucker RA', 'Potter A', 'Garavan HP']	2021	8	3	Nat Neurosci	24	8	1176-1186	The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study((R)) is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.
34224796	PMC8380727	10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110398	HIV infection is linked with reduced error-related default mode network suppression and poorer medication management abilities	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2021	12	20	Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry	111		110398	OBJECTIVE: Brain activity linked with error processing has rarely been examined among persons living with HIV (PLWH) despite importance for monitoring and modifying behaviors that could lead to adverse health outcomes (e.g., medication non-adherence, drug use, risky sexual practices). Given that cannabis (CB) use is prevalent among PLWH and impacts error processing, we assessed the influence of HIV serostatus and chronic CB use on error-related brain activity while also considering associated implications for everyday functioning and clinically-relevant disease management behaviors. METHODS: A sample of 109 participants, stratified into four groups by HIV and CB (HIV+/CB+, n = 32; HIV+/CB-, n = 27; HIV-/CB+, n = 28; HIV-/CB-, n = 22), underwent fMRI scanning while completing a modified Go/NoGo paradigm called the Error Awareness Task (EAT). Participants also completed a battery of well-validated instruments including a subjective report of everyday cognitive failures and an objective measure of medication management abilities. RESULTS: Across all participants, we observed expected error-related anterior insula (aI) activation which correlated with better task performance (i.e., less errors) and, among HIV- participants, fewer self-reported cognitive failures. Regarding awareness, greater insula activation as well as greater posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) deactivation were notably linked with aware (vs. unaware) errors. Regarding group effects, unlike HIV- participants, PLWH displayed a lack of error-related deactivation in two default mode network (DMN) regions (i.e., PCC, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]). No CB main or interaction effects were detected. Across all participants, reduced error-related PCC deactivation correlated with reduced medication management abilities and PCC deactivation mediated the effect of HIV on such abilities. More lifetime CB use was linked with reduced error-related mPFC deactivation among HIV- participants and poorer medication management across CB users. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that insufficient error-related DMN suppression linked with HIV infection, as well as chronic CB use among HIV- participants, has real-world consequences for medication management behaviors. We speculate that insufficient DMN suppression may reflect an inability to disengage task irrelevant mental operations, ultimately hindering error monitoring and behavior modification.
34224796	PMC8380727	10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110398	HIV infection is linked with reduced error-related default mode network suppression and poorer medication management abilities	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2021	12	20	Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry	111		110398	OBJECTIVE: Brain activity linked with error processing has rarely been examined among persons living with HIV (PLWH) despite importance for monitoring and modifying behaviors that could lead to adverse health outcomes (e.g., medication non-adherence, drug use, risky sexual practices). Given that cannabis (CB) use is prevalent among PLWH and impacts error processing, we assessed the influence of HIV serostatus and chronic CB use on error-related brain activity while also considering associated implications for everyday functioning and clinically-relevant disease management behaviors. METHODS: A sample of 109 participants, stratified into four groups by HIV and CB (HIV+/CB+, n = 32; HIV+/CB-, n = 27; HIV-/CB+, n = 28; HIV-/CB-, n = 22), underwent fMRI scanning while completing a modified Go/NoGo paradigm called the Error Awareness Task (EAT). Participants also completed a battery of well-validated instruments including a subjective report of everyday cognitive failures and an objective measure of medication management abilities. RESULTS: Across all participants, we observed expected error-related anterior insula (aI) activation which correlated with better task performance (i.e., less errors) and, among HIV- participants, fewer self-reported cognitive failures. Regarding awareness, greater insula activation as well as greater posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) deactivation were notably linked with aware (vs. unaware) errors. Regarding group effects, unlike HIV- participants, PLWH displayed a lack of error-related deactivation in two default mode network (DMN) regions (i.e., PCC, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]). No CB main or interaction effects were detected. Across all participants, reduced error-related PCC deactivation correlated with reduced medication management abilities and PCC deactivation mediated the effect of HIV on such abilities. More lifetime CB use was linked with reduced error-related mPFC deactivation among HIV- participants and poorer medication management across CB users. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that insufficient error-related DMN suppression linked with HIV infection, as well as chronic CB use among HIV- participants, has real-world consequences for medication management behaviors. We speculate that insufficient DMN suppression may reflect an inability to disengage task irrelevant mental operations, ultimately hindering error monitoring and behavior modification.
34392051	PMC8833837	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108946	Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study	['Lisdahl KM', 'Tapert S', 'Sher KJ', 'Gonzalez R', 'Nixon SJ', 'Feldstein Ewing SW', 'Conway KP', 'Wallace A', 'Sullivan R', 'Hatcher K', 'Kaiver C', 'Thompson W', 'Reuter C', 'Bartsch H', 'Wade NE', 'Jacobus J', 'Albaugh MD', 'Allgaier N', 'Anokhin AP', 'Bagot K', 'Baker FC', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Breslin FJ', 'Brown SA', 'Calhoun V', 'Casey BJ', 'Chaarani B', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak C', 'Constable RT', 'Cottler LB', 'Dagher RK', 'Dapretto M', 'Dick A', 'Do EK', 'Dosenbach NUF', 'Dowling GJ', 'Fair DA', 'Florsheim P', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Friedman NP', 'Garavan HP', 'Gee DG', 'Glantz MD', 'Glaser P', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Gray KM', 'Grant S', 'Haist F', 'Hawes S', 'Heeringa SG', 'Hermosillo R', 'Herting MM', 'Hettema JM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser C', 'Hoffman EA', 'Howlett KD', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Iacono WG', 'Isaiah A', 'Ivanova MY', 'James RS', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karcher NR', 'Kuperman JM', 'Laird AR', 'Larson CL', 'LeBlanc KH', 'Lopez MF', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Maes HH', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'McGlade E', 'Morris AS', 'Mulford C', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neigh G', 'Palmer CE', 'Paulus MP', 'Pecheva D', 'Prouty D', 'Potter A', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapakse N', 'Ross JM', 'Sanchez M', 'Schirda C', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Sowell ER', 'Speer N', 'Squeglia L', 'Sripada C', 'Steinberg J', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tomko R', 'Uban K', 'Vrieze S', 'Weiss SRB', 'Wing D', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Zucker RA', 'Heitzeg MM']	2021	10	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	227		108946	BACKGROUND: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development  Study (ABCD Study(R)) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12. METHODS: This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study(R) SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). PRIMARY RESULTS: At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort.
34392051	PMC8833837	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108946	Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study	['Lisdahl KM', 'Tapert S', 'Sher KJ', 'Gonzalez R', 'Nixon SJ', 'Feldstein Ewing SW', 'Conway KP', 'Wallace A', 'Sullivan R', 'Hatcher K', 'Kaiver C', 'Thompson W', 'Reuter C', 'Bartsch H', 'Wade NE', 'Jacobus J', 'Albaugh MD', 'Allgaier N', 'Anokhin AP', 'Bagot K', 'Baker FC', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Breslin FJ', 'Brown SA', 'Calhoun V', 'Casey BJ', 'Chaarani B', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Cloak C', 'Constable RT', 'Cottler LB', 'Dagher RK', 'Dapretto M', 'Dick A', 'Do EK', 'Dosenbach NUF', 'Dowling GJ', 'Fair DA', 'Florsheim P', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Friedman NP', 'Garavan HP', 'Gee DG', 'Glantz MD', 'Glaser P', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Gray KM', 'Grant S', 'Haist F', 'Hawes S', 'Heeringa SG', 'Hermosillo R', 'Herting MM', 'Hettema JM', 'Hewitt JK', 'Heyser C', 'Hoffman EA', 'Howlett KD', 'Huber RS', 'Huestis MA', 'Hyde LW', 'Iacono WG', 'Isaiah A', 'Ivanova MY', 'James RS', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karcher NR', 'Kuperman JM', 'Laird AR', 'Larson CL', 'LeBlanc KH', 'Lopez MF', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Maes HH', 'Marshall AT', 'Mason MJ', 'McGlade E', 'Morris AS', 'Mulford C', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neigh G', 'Palmer CE', 'Paulus MP', 'Pecheva D', 'Prouty D', 'Potter A', 'Puttler LI', 'Rajapakse N', 'Ross JM', 'Sanchez M', 'Schirda C', 'Schulenberg J', 'Sheth C', 'Shilling PD', 'Sowell ER', 'Speer N', 'Squeglia L', 'Sripada C', 'Steinberg J', 'Sutherland MT', 'Tomko R', 'Uban K', 'Vrieze S', 'Weiss SRB', 'Wing D', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Zucker RA', 'Heitzeg MM']	2021	10	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	227		108946	BACKGROUND: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development  Study (ABCD Study(R)) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12. METHODS: This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study(R) SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). PRIMARY RESULTS: At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort.
34400176	PMC8511211	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.010	The cue-reactivity paradigm: An ensemble of networks driving attention and cognition when viewing drug and natural reward-related stimuli	['Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Poudel R', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Camilleri JA', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2021	11	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	130		201-213	The cue-reactivity paradigm is a widely adopted neuroimaging probe engendering brain activity linked with attentional, affective, and reward processes following presentation of appetitive stimuli. Given the multiple mental operations invoked, we sought to decompose cue-related brain activity into constituent components employing emergent meta-analytic techniques when considering drug and natural reward-related cues. We conducted coordinate-based meta-analyses delineating common and distinct brain activity convergence across cue-reactivity studies (N = 196 articles) involving drug (n = 133) or natural (n = 63) visual stimuli. Across all studies, convergence was observed in limbic, cingulate, insula, and fronto-parieto-occipital regions. Drug-distinct convergence was observed in posterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and temporo-parietal regions, whereas distinct-natural convergence was observed in thalamic, insular, orbitofrontal, and occipital regions. We characterized connectivity profiles of identified regions by leveraging task-independent and task-dependent MRI datasets, grouped these profiles into subnetworks, and linked each with putative mental operations. Outcomes suggest multifaceted brain activity during cue-reactivity can be decomposed into elemental processes and indicate that while drugs of abuse usurp the brain's natural-reward-processing system, some regions appear distinct to drug cue-reactivity.
34400176	PMC8511211	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.010	The cue-reactivity paradigm: An ensemble of networks driving attention and cognition when viewing drug and natural reward-related stimuli	['Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Poudel R', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Camilleri JA', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2021	11	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	130		201-213	The cue-reactivity paradigm is a widely adopted neuroimaging probe engendering brain activity linked with attentional, affective, and reward processes following presentation of appetitive stimuli. Given the multiple mental operations invoked, we sought to decompose cue-related brain activity into constituent components employing emergent meta-analytic techniques when considering drug and natural reward-related cues. We conducted coordinate-based meta-analyses delineating common and distinct brain activity convergence across cue-reactivity studies (N = 196 articles) involving drug (n = 133) or natural (n = 63) visual stimuli. Across all studies, convergence was observed in limbic, cingulate, insula, and fronto-parieto-occipital regions. Drug-distinct convergence was observed in posterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and temporo-parietal regions, whereas distinct-natural convergence was observed in thalamic, insular, orbitofrontal, and occipital regions. We characterized connectivity profiles of identified regions by leveraging task-independent and task-dependent MRI datasets, grouped these profiles into subnetworks, and linked each with putative mental operations. Outcomes suggest multifaceted brain activity during cue-reactivity can be decomposed into elemental processes and indicate that while drugs of abuse usurp the brain's natural-reward-processing system, some regions appear distinct to drug cue-reactivity.
34414422	PMC8377301	10.1093/gigascience/giab051	Centering inclusivity in the design of online conferences-An OHBM-Open Science perspective	['Levitis E', 'van Praag CDG', 'Gau R', 'Heunis S', 'DuPre E', 'Kiar G', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Glatard T', 'Nikolaidis A', 'Whitaker KJ', 'Mancini M', 'Niso G', 'Afyouni S', 'Alonso-Ortiz E', 'Appelhoff S', 'Arnatkeviciute A', 'Atay SM', 'Auer T', 'Baracchini G', 'Bayer JMM', 'Beauvais MJS', 'Bijsterbosch JD', 'Bilgin IP', 'Bollmann S', 'Bollmann S', 'Botvinik-Nezer R', 'Bright MG', 'Calhoun VD', 'Chen X', 'Chopra S', 'Chuan-Peng H', 'Close TG', 'Cookson SL', 'Craddock RC', 'De La Vega A', 'De Leener B', 'Demeter DV', 'Di Maio P', 'Dickie EW', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Esteban O', 'Finc K', 'Frigo M', 'Ganesan S', 'Ganz M', 'Garner KG', 'Garza-Villarreal EA', 'Gonzalez-Escamilla G', 'Goswami R', 'Griffiths JD', 'Grootswagers T', 'Guay S', 'Guest O', 'Handwerker DA', 'Herholz P', 'Heuer K', 'Huijser DC', 'Iacovella V', 'Joseph MJE', 'Karakuzu A', 'Keator DB', 'Kobeleva X', 'Kumar M', 'Laird AR', 'Larson-Prior LJ', 'Lautarescu A', 'Lazari A', 'Legarreta JH', 'Li XY', 'Lv J', 'Mansour L S', 'Meunier D', 'Moraczewski D', 'Nandi T', 'Nastase SA', 'Nau M', 'Noble S', 'Norgaard M', 'Obungoloch J', 'Oostenveld R', 'Orchard ER', 'Pinho AL', 'Poldrack RA', 'Qiu A', 'Raamana PR', 'Rokem A', 'Rutherford S', 'Sharan M', 'Shaw TB', 'Syeda WT', 'Testerman MM', 'Toro R', 'Valk SL', 'Van Den Bossche S', 'Varoquaux G', 'Vasa F', 'Veldsman M', 'Vohryzek J', 'Wagner AS', 'Walsh RJ', 'White T', 'Wong FT', 'Xie X', 'Yan CG', 'Yang YF', 'Yee Y', 'Zanitti GE', 'Van Gulick AE', 'Duff E', 'Maumet C']	2021	8	20	Gigascience	10	8		As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities. Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements of an online conference are still significant barriers to truly diverse participation: the tools used can be inaccessible for some individuals; the scheduling choices can favour some geographical locations; the set-up of the conference can provide more visibility to well-established researchers and reduce opportunities for early-career researchers. While acknowledging the benefits of an online setting, especially for individuals who have traditionally been underrepresented or excluded, we recognize that fostering social justice requires inclusivity to actively be centered in every aspect of online conference design. Here, we draw from the literature and from our own experiences to identify practices that purposefully encourage a diverse community to attend, participate in, and lead online conferences. Reflecting on how to design more inclusive online events is especially important as multiple scientific organizations have announced that they will continue offering an online version of their event when in-person conferences can resume.
34427866		10.1007/s11481-021-10005-8	Interactive Effects of HIV Infection and Cannabis Use on Insula Subregion Functional Connectivity	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Poudel R', 'Adams AR', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	6	3	J Neuroimmune Pharmacol	17	1-2	289-304	Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system is one mechanism through which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may lead to progressive cognitive decline. Given cannabis's (CB's) anti-inflammatory properties, use prevalence among people living with HIV (PLWH), and evidence implicating the insula in both, we examined independent and interactive effects of HIV and CB on insular circuitry, cognition, and immune function. We assessed resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of three insula subregions among 106 participants across four groups (co-occurring: HIV+/CB+; HIV-only: HIV+/CB-; CB-only: HIV-/CB+; controls: HIV-/CB-). Participants completed a neurocognitive battery assessing functioning across multiple domains and self-reported somatic complaints. Blood samples quantified immune function (T-cell counts) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]). We observed interactive HIV x CB effects on rsFC strength between two anterior insula (aI) subregions and sensorimotor cortices such that, CB appeared to normalize altered rsFC among non-using PLWH. Specifically, compared to controls, HIV-only and CB-only groups displayed decreased dorsal anterior insula (DI) - postcentral gyrus rsFC and increased ventral anterior insula (VI) - supplementary motor area rsFC, whereas the co-occurring group displayed DI and VI rsFC more akin to that of controls. Altered DI - postcentral rsFC correlated with decreased processing speed and somatic complaints, but did not significantly correlate with inflammation (TNF-alpha). These outcomes implicate insula - sensorimotor neurocircuitries in HIV and CB and are consistent with prior work suggesting that CB use may normalize insula functioning among PLWH.
34427866		10.1007/s11481-021-10005-8	Interactive Effects of HIV Infection and Cannabis Use on Insula Subregion Functional Connectivity	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Poudel R', 'Adams AR', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	6	3	J Neuroimmune Pharmacol	17	1-2	289-304	Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system is one mechanism through which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may lead to progressive cognitive decline. Given cannabis's (CB's) anti-inflammatory properties, use prevalence among people living with HIV (PLWH), and evidence implicating the insula in both, we examined independent and interactive effects of HIV and CB on insular circuitry, cognition, and immune function. We assessed resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of three insula subregions among 106 participants across four groups (co-occurring: HIV+/CB+; HIV-only: HIV+/CB-; CB-only: HIV-/CB+; controls: HIV-/CB-). Participants completed a neurocognitive battery assessing functioning across multiple domains and self-reported somatic complaints. Blood samples quantified immune function (T-cell counts) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]). We observed interactive HIV x CB effects on rsFC strength between two anterior insula (aI) subregions and sensorimotor cortices such that, CB appeared to normalize altered rsFC among non-using PLWH. Specifically, compared to controls, HIV-only and CB-only groups displayed decreased dorsal anterior insula (DI) - postcentral gyrus rsFC and increased ventral anterior insula (VI) - supplementary motor area rsFC, whereas the co-occurring group displayed DI and VI rsFC more akin to that of controls. Altered DI - postcentral rsFC correlated with decreased processing speed and somatic complaints, but did not significantly correlate with inflammation (TNF-alpha). These outcomes implicate insula - sensorimotor neurocircuitries in HIV and CB and are consistent with prior work suggesting that CB use may normalize insula functioning among PLWH.
34530359	PMC8445885	10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102810	Neural response to monetary loss among youth with disruptive behavior disorders and callous-unemotional traits in the ABCD study	['Byrd AL', 'Hawes SW', 'Waller R', 'Delgado MR', 'Sutherland MT', 'Dick AS', 'Trucco EM', 'Riedel MC', 'Pacheco-Colon I', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2021	7	3	Neuroimage Clin	32		102810	Etiological models highlight reduced punishment sensitivity as a core risk factor for disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study examined neural sensitivity to the anticipation and receipt of loss, one key aspect of punishment sensitivity, among youth with DBD, comparing those with and without CU traits. Data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD)(SM) Study (N = 11,874; Mage = 9.51; 48% female). Loss-related fMRI activity during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 empirically-derived a priori brain regions (e.g., striatum, amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex) and compared across the following groups: (1) typically developing (n = 693); (2) DBD (n = 995), subdivided into those (3) with CU traits (DBD + CU, n = 198), and (4) without CU traits (DBD-only, n = 276). Latent variable modeling was also employed to examine network-level activity. There were no significant between-group differences in brain activity to loss anticipation or receipt. Null findings were confirmed with and without covariates, using alternative grouping approaches, and in dimensional models. Network-level analyses also demonstrated comparable activity across groups during loss anticipation and receipt. Findings suggest that differences in punishment sensitivity among youth with DBD are unrelated to loss anticipation or receipt. More precise characterizations of other aspects punishment sensitivity are needed to understand risk for DBD and CU traits.
34530359	PMC8445885	10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102810	Neural response to monetary loss among youth with disruptive behavior disorders and callous-unemotional traits in the ABCD study	['Byrd AL', 'Hawes SW', 'Waller R', 'Delgado MR', 'Sutherland MT', 'Dick AS', 'Trucco EM', 'Riedel MC', 'Pacheco-Colon I', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R']	2021	7	3	Neuroimage Clin	32		102810	Etiological models highlight reduced punishment sensitivity as a core risk factor for disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study examined neural sensitivity to the anticipation and receipt of loss, one key aspect of punishment sensitivity, among youth with DBD, comparing those with and without CU traits. Data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD)(SM) Study (N = 11,874; Mage = 9.51; 48% female). Loss-related fMRI activity during the monetary incentive delay task was examined across 16 empirically-derived a priori brain regions (e.g., striatum, amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex) and compared across the following groups: (1) typically developing (n = 693); (2) DBD (n = 995), subdivided into those (3) with CU traits (DBD + CU, n = 198), and (4) without CU traits (DBD-only, n = 276). Latent variable modeling was also employed to examine network-level activity. There were no significant between-group differences in brain activity to loss anticipation or receipt. Null findings were confirmed with and without covariates, using alternative grouping approaches, and in dimensional models. Network-level analyses also demonstrated comparable activity across groups during loss anticipation and receipt. Findings suggest that differences in punishment sensitivity among youth with DBD are unrelated to loss anticipation or receipt. More precise characterizations of other aspects punishment sensitivity are needed to understand risk for DBD and CU traits.
34536537		10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118579	Large, open datasets for human connectomics research: Considerations for reproducible and responsible data use	['Laird AR']	2021	12	1	Neuroimage	244		118579	Large, open datasets have emerged as important resources in the field of human connectomics. In this review, the evolution of data sharing involving magnetic resonance imaging is described. A summary of the challenges and progress in conducting reproducible data analyses is provided, including description of recent progress made in the development of community guidelines and recommendations, software and data management tools, and initiatives to enhance training and education. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of ethical conduct relevant to analyses of large, open datasets and a researcher's responsibility to prevent further stigmatization of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Moving forward, future work should include an enhanced emphasis on the social determinants of health, which may further contextualize findings among diverse population-based samples. Leveraging the progress to date and guided by interdisciplinary collaborations, the future of connectomics promises to be an impressive era of innovative research, yielding a more inclusive understanding of brain structure and function.
34772304		10.1177/00332941211048467	The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students	['Kondracki AJ', 'Riedel MC', 'Crooks K', 'Perez PV', 'Flannery JS', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2023	2	3	Psychol Rep	126	1	265-287	Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being. However, little is known regarding potential cognitive-behavioral pathways through which individual differences in trait neuroticism could influence the propensity to cognitive failures. Using a sample of 1003 undergraduate college students (females: n = 779) consisting of self-reported questionnaire data, we conducted correlational and mediational analyses to investigate the interrelationship between neuroticism, mindfulness, and cognitive failures. Higher neuroticism scores (females: r = -0.388, males: r = -0.390) and higher cognitive failures scores (females: r = -0.339, males: r = -0.407, p < .001) were significantly correlated with lower self-reported mindfulness scores. Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures (beta = 0.50, 95%, CI: 0.37, 0.65). These findings indicate that higher mindfulness may help ameliorate negative effects of neuroticism on everyday cognitive failures. Future research will determine how college students may benefit from positive impact of mindfulness to improve their psychological and physical health.
34772304		10.1177/00332941211048467	The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students	['Kondracki AJ', 'Riedel MC', 'Crooks K', 'Perez PV', 'Flannery JS', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2023	2	3	Psychol Rep	126	1	265-287	Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being. However, little is known regarding potential cognitive-behavioral pathways through which individual differences in trait neuroticism could influence the propensity to cognitive failures. Using a sample of 1003 undergraduate college students (females: n = 779) consisting of self-reported questionnaire data, we conducted correlational and mediational analyses to investigate the interrelationship between neuroticism, mindfulness, and cognitive failures. Higher neuroticism scores (females: r = -0.388, males: r = -0.390) and higher cognitive failures scores (females: r = -0.339, males: r = -0.407, p < .001) were significantly correlated with lower self-reported mindfulness scores. Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures (beta = 0.50, 95%, CI: 0.37, 0.65). These findings indicate that higher mindfulness may help ameliorate negative effects of neuroticism on everyday cognitive failures. Future research will determine how college students may benefit from positive impact of mindfulness to improve their psychological and physical health.
34795422	PMC8607811	10.1038/s41562-021-01216-3	Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media are associated with post-traumatic stress in youth	['Dick AS', 'Silva K', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR', 'Thompson WK', 'Tapert SF', 'Squeglia LM', 'Gray KM', 'Nixon SJ', 'Cottler LB', 'La Greca AM', 'Gurwitch RH', 'Comer JS']	2021	11	3	Nat Hum Behav	5	11	1578-1589	The human toll of disasters extends beyond death, injury and loss. Post-traumatic stress (PTS) can be common among directly exposed individuals, and children are particularly vulnerable. Even children far removed from harm's way report PTS, and media-based exposure may partially account for this phenomenon. In this study, we examine this issue using data from nearly 400 9- to 11-year-old children collected before and after Hurricane Irma, evaluating whether pre-existing neural patterns moderate associations between hurricane experiences and later PTS. The 'dose' of both self-reported objective exposure and media exposure predicted PTS, the latter even among children far from the hurricane. Furthermore, neural responses in brain regions associated with anxiety and stress conferred particular vulnerability. For example, heightened amygdala reactivity to fearful stimuli moderated the association between self-reported media exposure and PTS. Collectively, these findings show that for some youth with measurable vulnerability, consuming extensive disaster-related media may offer an alternative pathway to disaster exposure that transcends geography and objective risk.
34795422	PMC8607811	10.1038/s41562-021-01216-3	Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media are associated with post-traumatic stress in youth	['Dick AS', 'Silva K', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR', 'Thompson WK', 'Tapert SF', 'Squeglia LM', 'Gray KM', 'Nixon SJ', 'Cottler LB', 'La Greca AM', 'Gurwitch RH', 'Comer JS']	2021	11	3	Nat Hum Behav	5	11	1578-1589	The human toll of disasters extends beyond death, injury and loss. Post-traumatic stress (PTS) can be common among directly exposed individuals, and children are particularly vulnerable. Even children far removed from harm's way report PTS, and media-based exposure may partially account for this phenomenon. In this study, we examine this issue using data from nearly 400 9- to 11-year-old children collected before and after Hurricane Irma, evaluating whether pre-existing neural patterns moderate associations between hurricane experiences and later PTS. The 'dose' of both self-reported objective exposure and media exposure predicted PTS, the latter even among children far from the hurricane. Furthermore, neural responses in brain regions associated with anxiety and stress conferred particular vulnerability. For example, heightened amygdala reactivity to fearful stimuli moderated the association between self-reported media exposure and PTS. Collectively, these findings show that for some youth with measurable vulnerability, consuming extensive disaster-related media may offer an alternative pathway to disaster exposure that transcends geography and objective risk.
34924096	PMC9207150	10.1017/S0954579421001565	Risk factors for early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol: Dimensions and profiles of temperament	['Hartmann SA', 'Hayes T', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2023	5	3	Dev Psychopathol	35	2	481-493	Adolescent e-cigarette use has been labeled an epidemic and alcohol use during this developmental period is associated with deleterious outcomes. Though specific temperamental dimensions have been shown to predict substance use, profiles of temperament have rarely been examined as predictors. This study examines dimensions and profiles of adolescent temperament as predictors of early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol. The sample was comprised of adolescent (62.07% female, 87.59% White, 82.76% Hispanic/Latinx)/caregiver dyads (N = 146) who completed the first two timepoints (M age at second timepoint = 16.16, SD = 0.68) of a longitudinal adolescent substance use study. Models showed parent-reported effortful control predicted protection against adolescent use of e-cigarettes, whereas adolescent report of effortful control predicted protection against alcohol use. Though dissimilar in temperamental pattern, three profiles emerged from both parent- and adolescent-report-based latent profile analysis models. Adolescents characterized by parents as displaying a Resilient profile had greater odds of e-cigarette use than those characterized by a Reserved profile, whereas adolescents who self-characterized as Mixed-type had markedly greater odds of alcohol use than those who self-characterized as Resilient. Utilization of temperamental profiles may aid in identification of particularly vulnerable subgroups of adolescents who may benefit from relevant preventative programing.
35065977	PMC10165612	10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106957	Changes in harm perception of ENDS and their predictors among US adolescents: findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study, 2013-2018	['Li W', 'Osibogun O', 'Li T', 'Sutherland MT', 'Maziak W']	2022	2	3	Prev Med	155		106957	Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use has dramatically increased in the US. This study aimed to characterize changes in ENDS harm perception over time and associated predictors among US adolescents. Data from the 2013-2018 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (PATH) for adolescents (12-17 years) were utilized. Trend analyses were employed to delineate changes in comparative and absolute ENDS harm perception over a four-year interval. We applied a time-varying effect model (TVEM) to examine the associations between the changes in harm perception and associated predictors. The results suggest that perception of ENDS as less harmful than cigarettes significantly decreased from 54.3% at Wave 1 (2013) to 30.4% at Wave 4 (2018) (P < 0.001). Perception of ENDS as no or little harm decreased from 35.9% at Wave 1 to 16.9% at Wave 4 (P < 0.001). These changes in harm perception were less robust among males, adolescents who did not have positive tobacco-related attitudes, and those with smoke-free home rules (P's < 0.05). Additionally, having ever used ENDS or alcohol were more likely to be associated with reduced ENDS-related harm perception over time (P's < 0.05). Our results show that while ENDS-related harm perception have generally increased, this does not appear to be equally experienced across all adolescents, potentially highlighting the importance of at-risk groups and targets for intervention. This study can help identify individuals at risk of ENDS initiation because of their favorable ENDS harm perception profile, as well as guide the development of ENDS risk communication interventions for adolescents.
35196383		10.1093/ntr/ntac051	Prevalence and Predictors of Waterpipe Smoking Initiation and Progression Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Waves 1-4 (2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study	['Gautam P', 'Sharma E', 'Kalan ME', 'Li W', 'Ward KD', 'Sutherland MT', 'Cano MA', 'Li T', 'Maziak W']	2022	7	13	Nicotine Tob Res	24	8	1281-1290	INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smoking has increased among the young population in the United States. This study assessed the extent and predictors of WPT smoking initiation and progression among US adolescents (12-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years) longitudinally. AIMS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 4 waves (2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study comprising 10 692 respondents (adolescents = 5428 and young adults = 5264). Kaplan-Meier survival method estimated probabilities of WPT initiation and progression. Cox proportional hazards regression models delineated predictors of the outcomes. RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2018, 4.8% of adolescents initiated and 10.6% progressed WPT smoking. Among young adults, 18.5% initiated and 14.1% progressed WPT smoking during the same time interval. Predictors among adolescents included, WPT initiation: Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio (aHR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-2.49), lower harm perception (aHR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.10-3.98), and other tobacco products use (aHR = 3.97, 95% CI = 2.73-5.78); WPT progression: illicit drug use (aHR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.99-10.67). Predictors among young adults included, WPT initiation: non-Hispanic Black (aHR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.78-3.00), Hispanic (aHR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.34-2.33), lower harm perception (aHR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.19-3.50), and other tobacco products use (aHR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.25-4.38); WPT progression: non-Hispanic Black (aHR = 1.51 95% CI = 1.09-2.10), lower harm perception (aHR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.41-2.30), and alcohol use (aHR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.13-2.30). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a high prevalence of WPT initiation and progression among adolescents and young adults over time, with minority racial/ethnic groups being at greater risk for both. WPT-specific risk communication interventions (eg, educational campaigns and health warning labels) are warranted to limit WPT smoking among young people.
35262825	PMC8905569	10.1007/s10964-022-01593-6	The Impact of COVID-19 Experiences on Adolescent Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Among a Predominantly Latinx Sample	['Trucco EM', 'Fallah-Sohy N', 'Hartmann SA', 'Cristello JV', 'Comer JS', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	5	3	J Youth Adolesc	51	5	821-831	Given the salience of socialization factors on adolescence and their role in vulnerability to disasters and trauma, this study examined whether COVID-19-associated fears and impacted quality of life mediated associations between pandemic-focused family conversations and media exposure and subsequent youth mental health. A primarily Latinx sample of adolescents (N = 167; Mage = 16.2 years, 44.9% female) participated in a longitudinal (summer 2020-winter 2020) COVID-19 study. COVID-19 media exposure predicted engagement in relevant safety behaviors, which negatively impacted quality of life, which in turn predicted increased internalizing problems. COVID-19 family conversations predicted social distancing fears, which negatively impacted quality of life, which then in turn also predicted increased internalizing problems. Targeting key socialization factors may minimize negative consequences following major community trauma among adolescents.
35385783	PMC10739684	10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113867	Risky decision-making strategies mediate the relationship between amygdala activity and real-world financial savings among individuals from lower income households: A pilot study	['Poudel R', 'Tobia MJ', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Dick AS', 'Laird AR', 'Parra CM', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	6	25	Behav Brain Res	428		113867	Lower financial savings among individuals experiencing adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) increases vulnerabilities during times of crisis. SDoH including low socioeconomic status (low-SES) influence cognitive abilities as well as health and life outcomes that may perpetuate poverty and disparities. Despite evidence suggesting a role for financial growth in minimizing SDoH-related disparities and vulnerabilities, neurobiological mechanisms linked with financial behavior remain to be elucidated. As such, we examined the relationships between brain activity during decision-making (DM), laboratory-based task performance, and money savings behavior. Participants (N = 24, 14 females) from low-SES households (income<$20,000/year) underwent fMRI scanning while performing the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), a DM paradigm probing risky- and strategic-DM processes. Participants also completed self-report instruments characterizing relevant personality characteristics and then engaged in a community outreach financial program where amount of money saved was tracked over a 6-month period. Regarding BART-related brain activity, we observed expected activity in regions implicated in reward and emotional processing including the amygdala. Regarding brain-behavior relationships, we found that laboratory-based BART performance mediated the impact of amygdala activity on real-world behavior. That is, elevated amygdala activity was linked with BART strategic-DM which, in turn, was linked with more money saved after 6 months. In exploratory analyses, this mediation was moderated by emotion-related personality characteristics such that, only individuals reporting lower alexithymia demonstrated a relationship between amygdala activity and savings. These outcomes suggest that DM-related amygdala activity and/or emotion-related personality characteristics may provide utility as an endophenotypic marker of individual's financial savings behavior.
35385783	PMC10739684	10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113867	Risky decision-making strategies mediate the relationship between amygdala activity and real-world financial savings among individuals from lower income households: A pilot study	['Poudel R', 'Tobia MJ', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Dick AS', 'Laird AR', 'Parra CM', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	6	25	Behav Brain Res	428		113867	Lower financial savings among individuals experiencing adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) increases vulnerabilities during times of crisis. SDoH including low socioeconomic status (low-SES) influence cognitive abilities as well as health and life outcomes that may perpetuate poverty and disparities. Despite evidence suggesting a role for financial growth in minimizing SDoH-related disparities and vulnerabilities, neurobiological mechanisms linked with financial behavior remain to be elucidated. As such, we examined the relationships between brain activity during decision-making (DM), laboratory-based task performance, and money savings behavior. Participants (N = 24, 14 females) from low-SES households (income<$20,000/year) underwent fMRI scanning while performing the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), a DM paradigm probing risky- and strategic-DM processes. Participants also completed self-report instruments characterizing relevant personality characteristics and then engaged in a community outreach financial program where amount of money saved was tracked over a 6-month period. Regarding BART-related brain activity, we observed expected activity in regions implicated in reward and emotional processing including the amygdala. Regarding brain-behavior relationships, we found that laboratory-based BART performance mediated the impact of amygdala activity on real-world behavior. That is, elevated amygdala activity was linked with BART strategic-DM which, in turn, was linked with more money saved after 6 months. In exploratory analyses, this mediation was moderated by emotion-related personality characteristics such that, only individuals reporting lower alexithymia demonstrated a relationship between amygdala activity and savings. These outcomes suggest that DM-related amygdala activity and/or emotion-related personality characteristics may provide utility as an endophenotypic marker of individual's financial savings behavior.
35623159	PMC9384700	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109500	Alexithymia mediates the association between childhood trauma and adolescent E-cigarette use	['Sutherland BD', 'Fallah-Sohy N', 'Kopera M', 'Jakubczyk A', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2022	7	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	236		109500	BACKGROUND: Adolescent electronic cigarette use (e-cigarette) is a public health concern and factors associated with vaping remain to be understood. Childhood emotional abuse/neglect is a risk factor for e-cigarettes. Yet, pathways by which trauma impacts use remain unclear. Alexithymia (i.e., difficulties identifying and describing feelings) is one possible link. Indeed, emotional abuse/neglect leads to difficulties identifying and verbalizing emotions. This impairment may lead to distress and promote e-cigarette use as a coping strategy. METHODS: Using parallel mediation, this study examined the degree to which alexithymia, assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, mediates the link between emotional abuse/neglect, assessed using the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen, and e-cigarette use. The sample (n = 166) consisted of adolescents from a larger multi-wave study. RESULTS: Emotional abuse/neglect predicted difficulty describing feelings (effect = 0.23, p = 0.001), which in turn predicted e-cigarette use (effect = 0.30, p = 0.004). Moreover, difficulty describing feelings mediated the link between emotional abuse/neglect and e-cigarette use (sum of indirect 95% CI [1.68, 16.48]). Difficulty identifying feelings was not a significant mediator and the externally-oriented thinking subscale was excluded due to low reliability. CONCLUSIONS: As e-cigarettes are often used in social contexts, teens who experience difficulty describing feelings may vape as a means of connecting emotionally with others. Moreover, nicotine, found in most e-cigarettes, releases dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain modulating action, learning, and memory processes; plausibly, improving verbalization of emotions. Programming which identifies nuances in alexithymia among adolescents with emotional abuse/neglect could mitigate e-cigarette use or delay initiation.
35664889	PMC9148620	10.1002/dad2.12318	Convergent regional brain abnormalities in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 73 studies	['Kamalian A', 'Khodadadifar T', 'Saberi A', 'Masoudi M', 'Camilleri JA', 'Eickhoff CR', 'Zarei M', 'Pasquini L', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Tahmasian M']	2022	7	3	Alzheimers Dement (Amst)	14	1	e12318	INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have reported brain alterations in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, they pointed to inconsistent findings. METHODS: We used a meta-analytic approach to identify the convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities in bvFTD. Following current best-practice neuroimaging meta-analysis guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase databases and performed reference tracking. Then, the coordinates of group comparisons between bvFTD and controls from 73 studies were extracted and tested for convergence using activation likelihood estimation. RESULTS: We identified convergent abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortices, anterior insula, amygdala, paracingulate, striatum, and hippocampus. Task-based and resting-state functional connectivity pointed to the networks that are connected to the obtained consistent regions. Functional decoding analyses suggested associated dysfunction of emotional processing, interoception, reward processing, higher-order cognitive functions, and olfactory and gustatory perceptions in bvFTD. DISCUSSION: Our findings highlighted the key role of the salience network and subcortical regions in the pathophysiology of bvFTD.
35843345	PMC10750488	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104780	Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA): A proposed neurodevelopmental model	['Akbar SA', 'Mattfeld AT', 'Laird AR', 'McMakin DL']	2022	9	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	140		104780	The prevalence of internalizing disorders, i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders, spikes in adolescence and has been increasing amongst adolescents despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, highlighting the need for advancing theories on how internalizing disorders emerge. The current review presents a theoretical model, called the Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA) Model, to explain how risk factors, namely sleep-related problems (SRPs), are prospectively associated with internalizing disorders in adolescence. Specifically, SRPs during late childhood and early adolescence, around the initiation of pubertal development, contribute to the interruption of intrinsic brain networks dynamics, both within the default mode network and between the default mode network and other networks in the brain. This interruption leaves adolescents vulnerable to repetitive negative thought, such as worry or rumination, which then increases vulnerability to internalizing symptoms and disorders later in adolescence. Sleep-related behaviors are observable, modifiable, low-stigma, and beneficial beyond treating internalizing psychopathology, highlighting the intervention potential associated with understanding the neurodevelopmental impact of SRPs around the transition to adolescence. This review details support for the SIPYA Model, as well as gaps in the literature and future directions.
35998541	PMC9730909	10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107458	The association of amygdala-insula functional connectivity and adolescent e-cigarette use via sleep problems and depressive symptoms	['Sutherland BD', 'Viera Perez PM', 'Crooks KE', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Laird AR', 'Trucco EM', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	12	3	Addict Behav	135		107458	BACKGROUND: Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high. Elucidating contributing factors may enhance prevention strategies. Neurobiologically, amygdala-insula resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been linked with aspects of sleep, affect, and substance use (SU). As such, we hypothesized that amygdala's rsFC with the insula would be associated with e-cigarette use via sleep problems and/or depression levels. METHODS: An adolescent sample (N = 146) completed a rs-fMRI scan at time 1 and self-reports at time 2 ( approximately 15 months later). Given consistent associations between mental health outcomes and the rsFC of the laterobasal amygdala (lbAMY) with the anterior insula, we utilized a seed region (lbAMY) to region of interest (ROI) analysis approach to characterize brain-behavior relationships. Two serial mediation models tested the interrelations between amygdala's rsFC with distinct anterior insula subregions (i.e., ventral insula [vI], dorsal insula [dI]), sleep problems, depression levels, and days of e-cigarette use. RESULTS: An indirect effect was observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the vI. Greater rsFC predicted more sleep problems, more sleep problems were linked with greater depressive symptoms, and greater depressive symptoms were associated with more e-cigarette use (indirect effect = 0.08, CI [0.01,0.21]). Indicative of a neurobiological dissociation, a similar indirect effect linking these variables was not observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the dI (indirect effect = 0.03, CI [-0.001,0.10]). CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes highlight functional interactions between the amygdala and insula as a neurobiological contributor to sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and ultimately SU thereby suggesting potential intervention points to reduce teen e-cigarette use.
35998541	PMC9730909	10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107458	The association of amygdala-insula functional connectivity and adolescent e-cigarette use via sleep problems and depressive symptoms	['Sutherland BD', 'Viera Perez PM', 'Crooks KE', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Laird AR', 'Trucco EM', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	12	3	Addict Behav	135		107458	BACKGROUND: Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use remains high. Elucidating contributing factors may enhance prevention strategies. Neurobiologically, amygdala-insula resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been linked with aspects of sleep, affect, and substance use (SU). As such, we hypothesized that amygdala's rsFC with the insula would be associated with e-cigarette use via sleep problems and/or depression levels. METHODS: An adolescent sample (N = 146) completed a rs-fMRI scan at time 1 and self-reports at time 2 ( approximately 15 months later). Given consistent associations between mental health outcomes and the rsFC of the laterobasal amygdala (lbAMY) with the anterior insula, we utilized a seed region (lbAMY) to region of interest (ROI) analysis approach to characterize brain-behavior relationships. Two serial mediation models tested the interrelations between amygdala's rsFC with distinct anterior insula subregions (i.e., ventral insula [vI], dorsal insula [dI]), sleep problems, depression levels, and days of e-cigarette use. RESULTS: An indirect effect was observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the vI. Greater rsFC predicted more sleep problems, more sleep problems were linked with greater depressive symptoms, and greater depressive symptoms were associated with more e-cigarette use (indirect effect = 0.08, CI [0.01,0.21]). Indicative of a neurobiological dissociation, a similar indirect effect linking these variables was not observed when considering the lbAMY's rsFC with the dI (indirect effect = 0.03, CI [-0.001,0.10]). CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes highlight functional interactions between the amygdala and insula as a neurobiological contributor to sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and ultimately SU thereby suggesting potential intervention points to reduce teen e-cigarette use.
36041007	PMC9560985	10.1080/10826084.2022.2115848	Electronic Cigarette Use Intentions Mediate the Association between Low Self-Control and Future Use by Internalizing Symptoms	['Sutherland BD', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2022	7	3	Subst Use Misuse	57	12	1797-1807	Background: Adolescent electronic (e-)cigarette use intentions are related to initiation. Low self-control is also a risk factor for early stages of substance use. Yet, the impact of low self-control on use through intentions may vary across individuals; depression and anxiety may affect this association. Methods: A sample of 200 adolescents who completed waves 1 and 2 of an ongoing longitudinal study were assessed. We hypothesized that high internalizing symptoms would moderate the indirect effect of low self-control on actual e-cigarette use through e-cigarette use intentions. Results: The mediation pathway was significant at high levels of internalizing symptoms, but not at low or moderate levels. Conclusion: Specifically, those with low self-control and high internalizing symptomatology endorsed the highest e-cigarette use intentions and were more likely to subsequently use e-cigarettes. Youth low in self-control and high in depression and anxiety might be at increased risk to initiate e-cigarette use compared to youth high in self-control and high in internalizing symptomatology.
36100907	PMC9472396	10.1186/s12993-022-00196-2	Extended functional connectivity of convergent structural alterations among individuals with PTSD: a neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Pankey BS', 'Riedel MC', 'Cowan I', 'Bartley JE', 'Pintos Lobo R', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Salo T', 'Musser ED', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2022	9	13	Behav Brain Funct	18	1	9	BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder defined by the onset of intrusive, avoidant, negative cognitive or affective, and/or hyperarousal symptoms after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Previous voxel-based morphometry studies have provided insight into structural brain alterations associated with PTSD with notable heterogeneity across these studies. Furthermore, how structural alterations may be associated with brain function, as measured by task-free and task-based functional connectivity, remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we sought to first identify a consensus of structural alterations in PTSD using the anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Next, we generated functional profiles of identified convergent structural regions utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and meta-analytic co-activation modeling (MACM) methods. Finally, we performed functional decoding to examine mental functions associated with our ALE, rsFC, and MACM brain characterizations. RESULTS: We observed convergent structural alterations in a single region located in the medial prefrontal cortex. The resultant rsFC and MACM maps identified functional connectivity across a widespread, whole-brain network that included frontoparietal and limbic regions. Functional decoding revealed overlapping associations with attention, memory, and emotion processes. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based functional connectivity was observed in regions of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks, which play a role in the tripartite model of psychopathology. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with PTSD.
36100907	PMC9472396	10.1186/s12993-022-00196-2	Extended functional connectivity of convergent structural alterations among individuals with PTSD: a neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Pankey BS', 'Riedel MC', 'Cowan I', 'Bartley JE', 'Pintos Lobo R', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Salo T', 'Musser ED', 'Sutherland MT', 'Laird AR']	2022	9	13	Behav Brain Funct	18	1	9	BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder defined by the onset of intrusive, avoidant, negative cognitive or affective, and/or hyperarousal symptoms after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Previous voxel-based morphometry studies have provided insight into structural brain alterations associated with PTSD with notable heterogeneity across these studies. Furthermore, how structural alterations may be associated with brain function, as measured by task-free and task-based functional connectivity, remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we sought to first identify a consensus of structural alterations in PTSD using the anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Next, we generated functional profiles of identified convergent structural regions utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and meta-analytic co-activation modeling (MACM) methods. Finally, we performed functional decoding to examine mental functions associated with our ALE, rsFC, and MACM brain characterizations. RESULTS: We observed convergent structural alterations in a single region located in the medial prefrontal cortex. The resultant rsFC and MACM maps identified functional connectivity across a widespread, whole-brain network that included frontoparietal and limbic regions. Functional decoding revealed overlapping associations with attention, memory, and emotion processes. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based functional connectivity was observed in regions of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks, which play a role in the tripartite model of psychopathology. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with PTSD.
36115222		10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109625	Convergent gray matter alterations across drugs of abuse and network-level implications: A meta-analysis of structural MRI studies	['Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	11	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	240		109625	"BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies often consider brain alterations linked with substance abuse within the context of individual drugs (e.g., nicotine), while neurobiological theories of addiction emphasize common brain network-level alterations across drug classes. Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we identified common structural brain alterations across drugs and characterized the functionally-connected networks with which such structurally altered regions interact. METHODS: We identified 82 articles characterizing gray matter (GM) volume differences for substance users vs. controls. Using the anatomical likelihood estimation algorithm, we identified convergent GM reductions across drug classes. Next, we performed resting-state and meta-analytic functional connectivity analyses using each structurally altered region as a seed and computed whole-brain functional connectivity profiles as the union of both maps. We characterized an ""extended network"" by identifying brain areas demonstrating the highest degree of functional coupling with structurally impacted regions. Finally, hierarchical clustering was performed leveraging extended network nodes' functional connectivity profiles to delineate subnetworks. RESULTS: Across drug classes, we identified medial frontal/ventromedial prefrontal, and multiple regions in anterior cingulate (ACC) and insula as regions displaying convergent GM reductions among users. Overlap of these regions' functional connectivity profiles identified ACC, inferior frontal, PCC, insula, superior temporal, and putamen as regions of an impacted extended network. Hierarchical clustering revealed 3 subnetworks closely corresponding to default mode (PCC, angular), salience (dACC, caudate), and executive control networks (dlPFC and parietal). CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that substance-related structural brain alterations likely have implications for the functioning of canonical large-scale networks and the perpetuation of substance use and neurocognitive alterations."
36115222		10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109625	Convergent gray matter alterations across drugs of abuse and network-level implications: A meta-analysis of structural MRI studies	['Hill-Bowen LD', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Poudel R', 'Laird AR', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	11	1	Drug Alcohol Depend	240		109625	"BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies often consider brain alterations linked with substance abuse within the context of individual drugs (e.g., nicotine), while neurobiological theories of addiction emphasize common brain network-level alterations across drug classes. Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we identified common structural brain alterations across drugs and characterized the functionally-connected networks with which such structurally altered regions interact. METHODS: We identified 82 articles characterizing gray matter (GM) volume differences for substance users vs. controls. Using the anatomical likelihood estimation algorithm, we identified convergent GM reductions across drug classes. Next, we performed resting-state and meta-analytic functional connectivity analyses using each structurally altered region as a seed and computed whole-brain functional connectivity profiles as the union of both maps. We characterized an ""extended network"" by identifying brain areas demonstrating the highest degree of functional coupling with structurally impacted regions. Finally, hierarchical clustering was performed leveraging extended network nodes' functional connectivity profiles to delineate subnetworks. RESULTS: Across drug classes, we identified medial frontal/ventromedial prefrontal, and multiple regions in anterior cingulate (ACC) and insula as regions displaying convergent GM reductions among users. Overlap of these regions' functional connectivity profiles identified ACC, inferior frontal, PCC, insula, superior temporal, and putamen as regions of an impacted extended network. Hierarchical clustering revealed 3 subnetworks closely corresponding to default mode (PCC, angular), salience (dACC, caudate), and executive control networks (dlPFC and parietal). CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that substance-related structural brain alterations likely have implications for the functioning of canonical large-scale networks and the perpetuation of substance use and neurocognitive alterations."
36436737	PMC9843621	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104971	Neural systems underlying RDoC social constructs: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis	['Pintos Lobo R', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Toma AI', 'Hare MM', 'Smith DD', 'Moor AC', 'Cowan IK', 'Valdes JA', 'Bartley JE', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Pankey B', 'Sutherland MT', 'Musser ED', 'Laird AR']	2023	1	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	144		104971	"Neuroscientists have sought to identify the underlying neural systems supporting social processing that allow interaction and communication, forming social relationships, and navigating the social world. Through the use of NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we evaluated consensus among studies that examined brain activity during social tasks to elucidate regions comprising the ""social brain"". We examined convergence across tasks corresponding to the four RDoC social constructs, including Affiliation and Attachment, Social Communication, Perception and Understanding of Self, and Perception and Understanding of Others. We performed a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method. Meta-analysis was performed on whole-brain coordinates reported from 864 fMRI contrasts using the NiMARE Python package, revealing convergence in medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, bilateral insula, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. Additionally, four separate RDoC-based meta-analyses revealed differential convergence associated with the four social constructs. These outcomes highlight the neural support underlying these social constructs and inform future research on alterations among neurotypical and atypical populations."
36436737	PMC9843621	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104971	Neural systems underlying RDoC social constructs: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis	['Pintos Lobo R', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Toma AI', 'Hare MM', 'Smith DD', 'Moor AC', 'Cowan IK', 'Valdes JA', 'Bartley JE', 'Salo T', 'Boeving ER', 'Pankey B', 'Sutherland MT', 'Musser ED', 'Laird AR']	2023	1	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	144		104971	"Neuroscientists have sought to identify the underlying neural systems supporting social processing that allow interaction and communication, forming social relationships, and navigating the social world. Through the use of NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we evaluated consensus among studies that examined brain activity during social tasks to elucidate regions comprising the ""social brain"". We examined convergence across tasks corresponding to the four RDoC social constructs, including Affiliation and Attachment, Social Communication, Perception and Understanding of Self, and Perception and Understanding of Others. We performed a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method. Meta-analysis was performed on whole-brain coordinates reported from 864 fMRI contrasts using the NiMARE Python package, revealing convergence in medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, bilateral insula, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. Additionally, four separate RDoC-based meta-analyses revealed differential convergence associated with the four social constructs. These outcomes highlight the neural support underlying these social constructs and inform future research on alterations among neurotypical and atypical populations."
36605414	PMC9810366	10.1162/netn_a_00241	Altered large-scale brain network interactions associated with HIV infection and error processing	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Poudel R', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Salo T', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	7	3	Netw Neurosci	6	3	791-815	Altered activity within and between large-scale brain networks has been implicated across various neuropsychiatric conditions. However, patterns of network dysregulation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and further impacted by cannabis (CB) use, remain to be delineated. We examined the impact of HIV and CB on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain networks and associations with error awareness and error-related network responsivity. Participants (N = 106), stratified into four groups (HIV+/CB+, HIV+/CB-, HIV-/CB+, HIV-/CB-), underwent fMRI scanning while completing a resting-state scan and a modified Go/NoGo paradigm assessing brain responsivity to errors and explicit error awareness. We examined separate and interactive effects of HIV and CB on resource allocation indexes (RAIs), a measure quantifying rsFC strength between the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN). We observed reduced RAIs among HIV+ (vs. HIV-) participants, which was driven by increased SN-DMN rsFC. No group differences were detected for SN-CEN rsFC. Increased SN-DMN rsFC correlated with diminished error awareness, but not with error-related network responsivity. These outcomes highlight altered network interactions among participants with HIV and suggest such rsFC dysregulation may persist during task performance, reflecting an inability to disengage irrelevant mental operations, ultimately hindering error processing.
36605414	PMC9810366	10.1162/netn_a_00241	Altered large-scale brain network interactions associated with HIV infection and error processing	['Flannery JS', 'Riedel MC', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Poudel R', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Salo T', 'Laird AR', 'Gonzalez R', 'Sutherland MT']	2022	7	3	Netw Neurosci	6	3	791-815	Altered activity within and between large-scale brain networks has been implicated across various neuropsychiatric conditions. However, patterns of network dysregulation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and further impacted by cannabis (CB) use, remain to be delineated. We examined the impact of HIV and CB on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain networks and associations with error awareness and error-related network responsivity. Participants (N = 106), stratified into four groups (HIV+/CB+, HIV+/CB-, HIV-/CB+, HIV-/CB-), underwent fMRI scanning while completing a resting-state scan and a modified Go/NoGo paradigm assessing brain responsivity to errors and explicit error awareness. We examined separate and interactive effects of HIV and CB on resource allocation indexes (RAIs), a measure quantifying rsFC strength between the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN). We observed reduced RAIs among HIV+ (vs. HIV-) participants, which was driven by increased SN-DMN rsFC. No group differences were detected for SN-CEN rsFC. Increased SN-DMN rsFC correlated with diminished error awareness, but not with error-related network responsivity. These outcomes highlight altered network interactions among participants with HIV and suggest such rsFC dysregulation may persist during task performance, reflecting an inability to disengage irrelevant mental operations, ultimately hindering error processing.
36778322	PMC9915604	10.1101/2023.02.02.526818	Graded functional organisation in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity	['Diveica V', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Laird AR', 'Jackson RL', 'Binney RJ']	2023	2	2	bioRxiv				The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, including language, executive function and social cognition. However, its functional organisation, and how the specific areas implicated in these cognitive domains relate to each other, is unclear. Possibilities include that the LIFG underpins a domain-general function or, alternatively, that it is characterized by functional differentiation, which might occur in either a discrete or a graded pattern. The aim of the present study was to explore the topographical organisation of the LIFG using a bimodal data-driven approach. To this end, we extracted functional connectivity (FC) gradients from 1) the resting-state fMRI time-series of 150 participants (77 female), and 2) patterns of co-activation derived meta-analytically from task data across a diverse set of cognitive domains. We then sought to characterize the FC differences driving these gradients with seed-based resting-state FC and meta-analytic co-activation modelling analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on an FC profile that shifted in a graded fashion along two main organisational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior LIFG) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually-driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal LIFG), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into a graded functional organisation of the LIFG underpinning both task-free and task-constrained mental states, and suggest that the LIFG is an interface between distinct large-scale functional networks.
36788285	PMC10423745	10.1111/dar.13620	Subjective norms as a mediator between exposure to online alcohol and marijuana content and offline use among adolescents	['Cristello JV', 'Litt DM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2024	1	3	Drug Alcohol Rev	43	1	111-121	INTRODUCTION: While adolescent substance use (SU) may be viewed as normative, SU can quickly escalate leading to consequences. Social media use may increase SU risk. Despite using social media to connect with others, adolescents also view depictions of glamorised SU by both peers and influential figures. Exposure to online alcohol and marijuana content may impact subjective norms (i.e., injunctive and descriptive) ultimately leading to increased offline SU. Data from a multi-wave project was collected to assess whether subjective norms-mediated associations between exposure to alcohol and marijuana content by peers and influential figures on Instagram and Snapchat and offline SU. METHODS: At Wave 1, participants were 264 adolescents (M(age)  = 14.91, 51% female, 86% White, 85% Hispanic/Latino/a/x). RESULTS: Injunctive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to alcohol content posted by peers and influential figures on Instagram and Snapchat and offline alcohol use. Injunctive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to marijuana content posted by peers and influential figures on Instagram, and peers on Snapchat and offline marijuana use. Descriptive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to alcohol content posted by peers on Instagram, as well as peers and influential figures on Snapchat and offline alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Increased exposure to online SU content was more consistently associated with injunctive norms rather than descriptive norms. Future research should examine which social media features (e.g., the like button) contribute to increased subjective norms. Overall, findings suggest that social media may strongly convey approval of SU behaviours rather than actual use.
37067640	PMC10108819	10.1007/s10964-023-01775-w	Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts the Link between Child Abuse and Adolescent Internalizing Problems	['Trucco EM', 'Fava NM', 'Villar MG', 'Kumar M', 'Sutherland MT']	2023	6	3	J Youth Adolesc	52	6	1313-1324	Collective traumas have a notable impact on adolescent well-being. While some youth face increased risk for mental health problems (e.g., those with maltreatment histories), many demonstrate resilience following traumatic events. One contributing factor to well-being following trauma is the degree to which one isolates from others. Accordingly, we examined the association between maltreatment and internalizing problems during the COVID-19 pandemic as moderated by social isolation. Among adolescents reporting pre-pandemic emotional abuse, those experiencing less isolation reported the lowest levels of anxiety symptoms. Among adolescents reporting pre-pandemic physical abuse, those experiencing less isolation reported the greatest levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The findings highlight a public health-oriented approach to youth well-being during collective trauma that extends beyond mitigating disease transmission.
37214806	PMC10197716	10.1101/2023.04.27.23289228	Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design	"['Gross R', 'Thaweethai T', 'Rosenzweig EB', 'Chan J', 'Chibnik LB', 'Cicek MS', 'Elliott AJ', 'Flaherman VJ', 'Foulkes AS', 'Witvliet MG', 'Gallagher R', 'Gennaro ML', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karlson EW', 'Katz SD', 'Kinser PA', 'Kleinman LC', 'Lamendola-Essel MF', 'Milner JD', 'Mohandas S', 'Mudumbi PC', 'Newburger JW', 'Rhee KE', 'Salisbury AL', 'Snowden JN', 'Stein CR', 'Stockwell MS', 'Tantisira KG', 'Thomason ME', 'Truong DT', 'Warburton D', 'Wood JC', 'Ahmed S', 'Akerlundh A', 'Alshawabkeh AN', 'Anderson BR', 'Aschner JL', 'Atz AM', 'Aupperle RL', 'Baker FC', 'Balaraman V', 'Banerjee D', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Bhuiyan S', 'Bind MC', 'Bogie AL', 'Buchbinder NC', 'Bueler E', 'Bukulmez H', 'Casey BJ', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Clifton RG', 'Clouser KN', 'Cottrell L', 'Cowan K', ""D'Sa V"", 'Dapretto M', 'Dasgupta S', 'Dehority W', 'Dummer KB', 'Elias MD', 'Esquenazi-Karonika S', 'Evans DN', 'Faustino EVS', 'Fiks AG', 'Forsha D', 'Foxe JJ', 'Friedman NP', 'Fry G', 'Gaur S', 'Gee DG', 'Gray KM', 'Harahsheh AS', 'Heath AC', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hester CM', 'Hill S', 'Hobart-Porter L', 'Hong TKF', 'Horowitz CR', 'Hsia DS', 'Huentelman M', 'Hummel KD', 'Iacono WG', 'Irby K', 'Jacobus J', 'Jacoby VL', 'Jone PN', 'Kaelber DC', 'Kasmarcak TJ', 'Kluko MJ', 'Kosut JS', 'Laird AR', 'Landeo-Gutierrez J', 'Lang SM', 'Larson CL', 'Lim PPC', 'Lisdahl KM', 'McCrindle BW', 'McCulloh RJ', 'Mendelsohn AL', 'Metz TD', 'Morgan LM', 'Muller-Oehring EM', 'Nahin ER', 'Neale MC', 'Ness-Cochinwala M', 'Nolan SM', 'Oliveira CR', 'Oster ME', 'Payne RM', 'Raissy H', 'Randall IG', 'Rao S', 'Reeder HT', 'Rosas JM', 'Russell MW', 'Sabati AA', 'Sanil Y', 'Sato AI', 'Schechter MS', 'Selvarangan R', 'Shakti D', 'Sharma K', 'Squeglia LM', 'Stevenson MD', 'Szmuszkovicz J', 'Talavera-Barber MM', 'Teufel RJ 2nd', 'Thacker D', 'Udosen MM', 'Warner MR', 'Watson SE', 'Werzberger A', 'Weyer JC', 'Wood MJ', 'Yin HS', 'Zempsky WT', 'Zimmerman E', 'Dreyer BP']"	2023	5	12	medRxiv				"IMPORTANCE: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or ""Long COVID"") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults. OBSERVATIONS: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's RE searching COV ID to E nhance R ecovery (RECOVER) Initiative. RECOVER-Pediatrics is an observational meta-cohort study of caregiver-child pairs (birth through 17 years) and young adults (18 through 25 years), recruited from more than 100 sites across the US. This report focuses on two of five cohorts that comprise RECOVER-Pediatrics: 1) a de novo RECOVER prospective cohort of children and young adults with and without previous or current infection; and 2) an extant cohort derived from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study ( n =10,000). The de novo cohort incorporates three tiers of data collection: 1) remote baseline assessments (Tier 1, n=6000); 2) longitudinal follow-up for up to 4 years (Tier 2, n=6000); and 3) a subset of participants, primarily the most severely affected by PASC, who will undergo deep phenotyping to explore PASC pathophysiology (Tier 3, n=600). Youth enrolled in the ABCD study participate in Tier 1. The pediatric protocol was developed as a collaborative partnership of investigators, patients, researchers, clinicians, community partners, and federal partners, intentionally promoting inclusivity and diversity. The protocol is adaptive to facilitate responses to emerging science. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: RECOVER-Pediatrics seeks to characterize the clinical course, underlying mechanisms, and long-term effects of PASC from birth through 25 years old. RECOVER-Pediatrics is designed to elucidate the epidemiology, four-year clinical course, and sociodemographic correlates of pediatric PASC. The data and biosamples will allow examination of mechanistic hypotheses and biomarkers, thus providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions. CLINICAL TRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT05172011."
37481961	PMC10718478	10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101821	Convergent abnormality in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in insomnia disorder: A revisited neuroimaging meta-analysis of 39 studies	['Reimann GM', 'Kuppers V', 'Camilleri JA', 'Hoffstaedter F', 'Langner R', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Spiegelhalder K', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Tahmasian M']	2023	10	3	Sleep Med Rev	71		101821	The neurobiological underpinnings of insomnia disorder (ID) are still poorly understood. A previous meta-analysis conducted by our research group in 2018 revealed no consistent regional alterations based on the limited number of eligible studies. Given the number of studies published during the last few years, we revisited the meta-analysis to provide an update to the field. Following the best-practice guidelines for conducting neuroimaging meta-analyses, we searched several databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and BrainMap) and identified 39 eligible structural and functional studies, reporting coordinates re fl ecting significant group differences between ID patients and healthy controls. A significant convergent regional alteration in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) was observed using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm. Behavioural decoding using the BrainMap database indicated that this region is involved in fear-related emotional and cognitive processing. The sgACC showed robust task-based co-activation in meta-analytic connectivity modelling and task-free functional connectivity in a resting-state functional connectivity analysis with the main hubs of the salience and default mode networks, including the posterior cingulate cortex and dorsal ACC, amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Collectively, the findings from this large-scale meta-analysis suggest a critical role of the sgACC in the pathophysiology of ID.
37536527	PMC10833064	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120287	Profiling intra- and inter-individual differences in brain development across early adolescence	['Bottenhorn KL', 'Cardenas-Iniguez C', 'Mills KL', 'Laird AR', 'Herting MM']	2023	10	1	Neuroimage	279		120287	As we move toward population-level developmental neuroscience, understanding intra- and inter-individual variability in brain maturation and sources of neurodevelopmental heterogeneity becomes paramount. Large-scale, longitudinal neuroimaging studies have uncovered group-level neurodevelopmental trajectories, and while recent work has begun to untangle intra- and inter-individual differences, they remain largely unclear. Here, we aim to quantify both intra- and inter-individual variability across facets of neurodevelopment across early adolescence (ages 8.92 to 13.83 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and examine inter-individual variability as a function of age, sex, and puberty. Our results provide novel insight into differences in annualized percent change in macrostructure, microstructure, and functional brain development from ages 9-13 years old. These findings reveal moderate age-related intra-individual change, but age-related differences in inter-individual variability only in a few measures of cortical macro- and microstructure development. Greater inter-individual variability in brain development were seen in mid-pubertal individuals, except for a few aspects of white matter development that were more variable between prepubertal individuals in some tracts. Although both sexes contributed to inter-individual differences in macrostructure and functional development in a few regions of the brain, we found limited support for hypotheses regarding greater male-than-female variability. This work highlights pockets of individual variability across facets of early adolescent brain development, while also highlighting regional differences in heterogeneity to facilitate future investigations in quantifying and probing nuances in normative development, and deviations therefrom.
37577598	PMC10418206	10.1101/2023.08.01.551505	Methods for decoding cortical gradients of functional connectivity	['Peraza JA', 'Salo T', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Poline JB', 'Dockes J', 'Kent JD', 'Bartley JE', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Lobo RP', 'Poudel R', 'Ray KL', 'Robinson JL', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'de la Vega A', 'Laird AR']	2023	12	15	bioRxiv				Macroscale gradients have emerged as a central principle for understanding functional brain organization. Previous studies have demonstrated that a principal gradient of connectivity in the human brain exists, with unimodal primary sensorimotor regions situated at one end and transmodal regions associated with the default mode network and representative of abstract functioning at the other. The functional significance and interpretation of macroscale gradients remains a central topic of discussion in the neuroimaging community, with some studies demonstrating that gradients may be described using meta-analytic functional decoding techniques. However, additional methodological development is necessary to fully leverage available meta-analytic methods and resources and quantitatively evaluate their relative performance. Here, we conducted a comprehensive series of analyses to investigate and improve the framework of data-driven, meta-analytic methods, thereby establishing a principled approach for gradient segmentation and functional decoding. We found that a two-segment solution determined by a k-means segmentation approach and an LDA-based meta-analysis combined with the NeuroQuery database was the optimal combination of methods for decoding functional connectivity gradients. Finally, we proposed a method for decoding additional components of the gradient decomposition. The current work aims to provide recommendations on best practices and flexible methods for gradient-based functional decoding of fMRI data.
37577598	PMC10418206	10.1101/2023.08.01.551505	Methods for decoding cortical gradients of functional connectivity	['Peraza JA', 'Salo T', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Poline JB', 'Dockes J', 'Kent JD', 'Bartley JE', 'Flannery JS', 'Hill-Bowen LD', 'Lobo RP', 'Poudel R', 'Ray KL', 'Robinson JL', 'Laird RW', 'Sutherland MT', 'de la Vega A', 'Laird AR']	2023	12	15	bioRxiv				Macroscale gradients have emerged as a central principle for understanding functional brain organization. Previous studies have demonstrated that a principal gradient of connectivity in the human brain exists, with unimodal primary sensorimotor regions situated at one end and transmodal regions associated with the default mode network and representative of abstract functioning at the other. The functional significance and interpretation of macroscale gradients remains a central topic of discussion in the neuroimaging community, with some studies demonstrating that gradients may be described using meta-analytic functional decoding techniques. However, additional methodological development is necessary to fully leverage available meta-analytic methods and resources and quantitatively evaluate their relative performance. Here, we conducted a comprehensive series of analyses to investigate and improve the framework of data-driven, meta-analytic methods, thereby establishing a principled approach for gradient segmentation and functional decoding. We found that a two-segment solution determined by a k-means segmentation approach and an LDA-based meta-analysis combined with the NeuroQuery database was the optimal combination of methods for decoding functional connectivity gradients. Finally, we proposed a method for decoding additional components of the gradient decomposition. The current work aims to provide recommendations on best practices and flexible methods for gradient-based functional decoding of fMRI data.
37689430	PMC10501206	10.1016/j.tine.2023.100204	Task-based attentional and default mode connectivity associated with science and math anxiety profiles among university physics students	['Smith DD', 'Meca A', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Peraza JA', 'Laird RW', 'Pruden SM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2023	9	3	Trends Neurosci Educ	32		100204	PURPOSE: Attentional control theory (ACT) posits that elevated anxiety increases the probability of re-allocating cognitive resources needed to complete a task to processing anxiety-related stimuli. This process impairs processing efficiency and can lead to reduced performance effectiveness. Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students frequently experience anxiety about their coursework, which can interfere with learning and performance and negatively impact student retention and graduation rates. The objective of this study was to extend the ACT framework to investigate the neurobiological associations between science and math anxiety and cognitive performance among 123 physics undergraduate students. PROCEDURES: Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four profiles of science and math anxiety among STEM students, including two profiles that represented the majority of the sample (Low Science and Math Anxiety; 59.3% and High Math Anxiety; 21.9%) and two additional profiles that were not well represented (High Science and Math Anxiety; 6.5% and High Science Anxiety; 4.1%). Students underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session in which they performed two tasks involving physics cognition: the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) task and the Physics Knowledge (PK) task. FINDINGS: No significant differences were observed in FCI or PK task performance between High Math Anxiety and Low Science and Math Anxiety students. During the three phases of the FCI task, we found no significant brain connectivity differences during scenario and question presentation, yet we observed significant differences during answer selection within and between the dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and default mode network (DMN). Further, we found significant group differences during the PK task were limited to the DAN, including DAN-VAN and within-DAN connectivity. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the different cognitive processes required for physics conceptual reasoning compared to physics knowledge retrieval, provide new insight into the underlying brain dynamics associated with anxiety and physics cognition, and confirm the relevance of ACT theory for science and math anxiety.
37689430	PMC10501206	10.1016/j.tine.2023.100204	Task-based attentional and default mode connectivity associated with science and math anxiety profiles among university physics students	['Smith DD', 'Meca A', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Bartley JE', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Peraza JA', 'Laird RW', 'Pruden SM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2023	9	3	Trends Neurosci Educ	32		100204	PURPOSE: Attentional control theory (ACT) posits that elevated anxiety increases the probability of re-allocating cognitive resources needed to complete a task to processing anxiety-related stimuli. This process impairs processing efficiency and can lead to reduced performance effectiveness. Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students frequently experience anxiety about their coursework, which can interfere with learning and performance and negatively impact student retention and graduation rates. The objective of this study was to extend the ACT framework to investigate the neurobiological associations between science and math anxiety and cognitive performance among 123 physics undergraduate students. PROCEDURES: Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four profiles of science and math anxiety among STEM students, including two profiles that represented the majority of the sample (Low Science and Math Anxiety; 59.3% and High Math Anxiety; 21.9%) and two additional profiles that were not well represented (High Science and Math Anxiety; 6.5% and High Science Anxiety; 4.1%). Students underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session in which they performed two tasks involving physics cognition: the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) task and the Physics Knowledge (PK) task. FINDINGS: No significant differences were observed in FCI or PK task performance between High Math Anxiety and Low Science and Math Anxiety students. During the three phases of the FCI task, we found no significant brain connectivity differences during scenario and question presentation, yet we observed significant differences during answer selection within and between the dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and default mode network (DMN). Further, we found significant group differences during the PK task were limited to the DAN, including DAN-VAN and within-DAN connectivity. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the different cognitive processes required for physics conceptual reasoning compared to physics knowledge retrieval, provide new insight into the underlying brain dynamics associated with anxiety and physics cognition, and confirm the relevance of ACT theory for science and math anxiety.
37744469	PMC10516110		The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)	"['Poldrack RA', 'Markiewicz CJ', 'Appelhoff S', 'Ashar YK', 'Auer T', 'Baillet S', 'Bansal S', 'Beltrachini L', 'Benar CG', 'Bertazzoli G', 'Bhogawar S', 'Blair RW', 'Bortoletto M', 'Boudreau M', 'Brooks TL', 'Calhoun VD', 'Castelli FM', 'Clement P', 'Cohen AL', 'Cohen-Adad J', ""D'Ambrosio S"", 'de Hollander G', 'de la Iglesia-Vaya M', 'de la Vega A', 'Delorme A', 'Devinsky O', 'Draschkow D', 'Duff EP', 'DuPre E', 'Earl E', 'Esteban O', 'Feingold FW', 'Flandin G', 'Galassi A', 'Gallitto G', 'Ganz M', 'Gau R', 'Gholam J', 'Ghosh SS', 'Giacomel A', 'Gillman AG', 'Gleeson P', 'Gramfort A', 'Guay S', 'Guidali G', 'Halchenko YO', 'Handwerker DA', 'Hardcastle N', 'Herholz P', 'Hermes D', 'Honey CJ', 'Innis RB', 'Ioanas HI', 'Jahn A', 'Karakuzu A', 'Keator DB', 'Kiar G', 'Kincses B', 'Laird AR', 'Lau JC', 'Lazari A', 'Legarreta JH', 'Li A', 'Li X', 'Love BC', 'Lu H', 'Marcantoni E', 'Maumet C', 'Mazzamuto G', 'Meisler SL', 'Mikkelsen M', 'Mutsaerts H', 'Nichols TE', 'Nikolaidis A', 'Nilsonne G', 'Niso G', 'Norgaard M', 'Okell TW', 'Oostenveld R', 'Ort E', 'Park PJ', 'Pawlik M', 'Pernet CR', 'Pestilli F', 'Petr J', 'Phillips C', 'Poline JB', 'Pollonini L', 'Raamana PR', 'Ritter P', 'Rizzo G', 'Robbins KA', 'Rockhill AP', 'Rogers C', 'Rokem A', 'Rorden C', 'Routier A', 'Saborit-Torres JM', 'Salo T', 'Schirner M', 'Smith RE', 'Spisak T', 'Sprenger J', 'Swann NC', 'Szinte M', 'Takerkart S', 'Thirion B', 'Thomas AG', 'Torabian S', 'Varoquaux G', 'Voytek B', 'Welzel J', 'Wilson M', 'Yarkoni T', 'Gorgolewski KJ']"	2024	1	9	ArXiv				The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS.
37781138	PMC10473266	10.1162/netn_a_00323	Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature	['Uddin LQ', 'Betzel RF', 'Cohen JR', 'Damoiseaux JS', 'De Brigard F', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fornito A', 'Gratton C', 'Gordon EM', 'Laird AR', 'Larson-Prior L', 'McIntosh AR', 'Nickerson LD', 'Pessoa L', 'Pinho AL', 'Poldrack RA', 'Razi A', 'Sadaghiani S', 'Shine JM', 'Yendiki A', 'Yeo BTT', 'Spreng RN']	2023	7	3	Netw Neurosci	7	3	864-905	Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level of macroscale organization of the brain, is beginning to confront the challenges associated with developing a taxonomy of its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy of NETworks (WHATNET) was formed in 2020 as an Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee to provide recommendations on points of consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas of ongoing debate in the service of moving the field toward standardized reporting of network neuroscience results. The committee conducted a survey to catalog current practices in large-scale brain network nomenclature. A few well-known network names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses to the survey, and a number of illuminating points of disagreement emerged. We summarize survey results and provide initial considerations and recommendations from the workgroup. This perspective piece includes a selective review of challenges to this enterprise, including (1) network scale, resolution, and hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability of networks; (3) dynamics and nonstationarity of networks; (4) consideration of network affiliations of subcortical structures; and (5) consideration of multimodal information. We close with minimal reporting guidelines for the cognitive and network neuroscience communities to adopt.
37831222		10.1007/s10802-023-01138-w	Parental Deprivation- and Threat-Based Factors Associated with Youth Emotion-Based Neurocircuitry and Externalizing Behavior: A Systematic Review	['Feeney K', 'Pintos Lobo R', 'Hare MM', 'Morris SSJ', 'Laird AR', 'Musser ED']	2024	3	3	Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol	52	3	311-323	Parental factors, including negative parenting practices (e.g., family conflict, low monitoring), parental depression, and parental substance use, are associated with externalizing behaviors among youth. However, the ways in which these parental factors are associated with youth brain function and consequent externalizing behavior has been less studied. Both the dimensional and stress acceleration models provide frameworks for understanding how parental factors may be associated with frontolimbic and frontoparietal networks implicated in emotional attention and regulation processes. The current review builds upon this work by examining how deprivation- and threat-based parental factors are associated with youth neurocircuitry involved in emotional functioning and externalizing behaviors. A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was completed and included five studies assessing parenting behaviors, six studies assessing parental depressive symptoms and/or diagnosis, and 12 studies assessing parental history of substance use. Synthesis of reviewed studies discusses support for the dimensional and stress acceleration models within the context of deprivation and threat. Further, a limited number of studies tested (i.e., six studies) and supported (i.e., three studies) youth neural structure and function as a mediator of the association between parental factors and youth externalizing behavior. Specific recommendations for future work include more deliberate planning related to sample composition, improved clarity related to parental constructs, consistency in methodology, and longitudinal study design in order to better understand associations between contextual parental influences and youth neural and behavioral functioning.
37833772	PMC10690868	10.1093/cercor/bhad373	Graded functional organization in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity	['Diveica V', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Laird AR', 'Jackson RL', 'Binney RJ']	2023	11	27	Cereb Cortex	33	23	11384-11399	The left inferior frontal gyrus has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, such as language and executive function. However, its functional organization is unclear. Possibilities include a singular domain-general function, or multiple functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. Furthermore, spatial transition in function may be either abrupt or graded. The present study explored the topographical organization of the left inferior frontal gyrus using a bimodal data-driven approach. We extracted functional connectivity gradients from (i) resting-state fMRI time-series and (ii) coactivation patterns derived meta-analytically from heterogenous sets of task data. We then sought to characterize the functional connectivity differences underpinning these gradients with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity, meta-analytic coactivation modeling and functional decoding analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on graded functional connectivity changes along 2 main organizational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior functional connectivity) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal functional connectivity), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into an overarching graded functional organization of the functional connectivity that explains its role in multiple cognitive domains.
37881576	PMC10593892	10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.005	Acculturative Orientations Among Hispanic/Latinx Caregivers in the ABCD Study: Associations With Caregiver and Youth Mental Health and Youth Brain Function	['Meca A', 'Peraza JA', 'Riedel MC', 'Hale W', 'Pettit JW', 'Musser ED', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Dick AS', 'Pintos Lobo R', 'Ucros LM', 'Greaves CA', 'Hawes SW', 'Sanchez M', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Sutherland MT', 'Gonzalez R', 'Laird AR']	2023	10	3	Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci	3	4	785-796	BACKGROUND: Population-based neuroscience offers opportunities to examine important but understudied sociocultural factors such as acculturation. Acculturation refers to the extent to which an individual retains their cultural heritage and/or adopts the receiving society's culture and is particularly salient among Hispanic/Latinx immigrants. Specific acculturative orientations have been linked to vulnerability to substance use, depression, and suicide and are known to influence family dynamics between caregivers and their children. METHODS: Using data from first- and second-generation Hispanic/Latinx caregivers in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1057), we examined how caregivers' acculturative orientation affects their mental health, as well as the mental health and brain function of their children. Neuroimaging analyses focused on regions associated with self- and affiliation-based social processing (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and temporoparietal junction). RESULTS: We identified 2 profiles of caregiver acculturation: bicultural (retains heritage culture while adopting U.S. culture) and detached (discards heritage culture and rejects U.S. culture). Bicultural caregivers exhibited fewer internalizing and externalizing problems than detached caregivers; furthermore, youth exhibited similar internalizing effects across caregiver profiles. In addition, youth with bicultural caregivers displayed increased resting-state brain activity (i.e., fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity) in the left insula, which has been linked to psychopathology; however, differences in long-range functional connectivity were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver acculturation is an important familial factor that has been linked to significant differences in youth mental health and insula activity. Future work should examine sociocultural and neurodevelopmental changes across adolescence to assess health outcomes and determine whether localized, corticolimbic brain effects are ultimately translated into long-range connectivity differences.
37881576	PMC10593892	10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.005	Acculturative Orientations Among Hispanic/Latinx Caregivers in the ABCD Study: Associations With Caregiver and Youth Mental Health and Youth Brain Function	['Meca A', 'Peraza JA', 'Riedel MC', 'Hale W', 'Pettit JW', 'Musser ED', 'Salo T', 'Flannery JS', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Dick AS', 'Pintos Lobo R', 'Ucros LM', 'Greaves CA', 'Hawes SW', 'Sanchez M', 'Gonzalez MR', 'Sutherland MT', 'Gonzalez R', 'Laird AR']	2023	10	3	Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci	3	4	785-796	BACKGROUND: Population-based neuroscience offers opportunities to examine important but understudied sociocultural factors such as acculturation. Acculturation refers to the extent to which an individual retains their cultural heritage and/or adopts the receiving society's culture and is particularly salient among Hispanic/Latinx immigrants. Specific acculturative orientations have been linked to vulnerability to substance use, depression, and suicide and are known to influence family dynamics between caregivers and their children. METHODS: Using data from first- and second-generation Hispanic/Latinx caregivers in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1057), we examined how caregivers' acculturative orientation affects their mental health, as well as the mental health and brain function of their children. Neuroimaging analyses focused on regions associated with self- and affiliation-based social processing (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and temporoparietal junction). RESULTS: We identified 2 profiles of caregiver acculturation: bicultural (retains heritage culture while adopting U.S. culture) and detached (discards heritage culture and rejects U.S. culture). Bicultural caregivers exhibited fewer internalizing and externalizing problems than detached caregivers; furthermore, youth exhibited similar internalizing effects across caregiver profiles. In addition, youth with bicultural caregivers displayed increased resting-state brain activity (i.e., fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity) in the left insula, which has been linked to psychopathology; however, differences in long-range functional connectivity were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver acculturation is an important familial factor that has been linked to significant differences in youth mental health and insula activity. Future work should examine sociocultural and neurodevelopmental changes across adolescence to assess health outcomes and determine whether localized, corticolimbic brain effects are ultimately translated into long-range connectivity differences.
37917482		10.1037/cdp0000625	Profiles of acculturative strategies and cultural stressors among Hispanic/Latinx college-attending emerging adults	['Meca A', 'Cruz B', 'Lucero J', 'Ward C', 'Schwartz SJ', 'Stuart J', 'Szabo A', 'Hinojosa Z', 'Laird AR']	2025	4	3	Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol	31	2	245-255	OBJECTIVE: The present study identified unique profiles of cultural stressors (i.e., bicultural stress, discrimination, and negative context of reception) and acculturative strategies (i.e., heritage practices, heritage identification, U.S. practices, and U.S. identification), in Hispanic/Latinx (HL) emerging adults. Additionally, we examined associations between positive and negative psychosocial functioning, with profiles of acculturative strategies and cultural stressors. METHOD: The present study utilized a baseline sample of 779 HL college students (75.8% female, M(age) = 20.80 years, SD = 2.66) drawn from a daily diary study on acculturation. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles. The Bicultural and Low Cultural Stressors (B-LowCS; 53.55%) was marked by strong heritage and U.S. cultural orientation and low levels across all cultural stressors. The Marginalization and High Acculturative Stressors (M-HighAS; 20.13%) was marked by weak heritage and U.S. cultural orientation, high acculturative stressors, and low discrimination. The third profile, the Heritage Rejection and Low Cultural Stressors (HR-LowCS; 16.05%) was marked by rejection of heritage culture and low cultural stressors. Finally, the Separation and High Cultural Stressors (S-HighCS; 10.26%) was marked by weak U.S. cultural orientation and high cultural stressors. Consistent with past research, the B-LowCS profile was marked by the highest level of positive psychosocial functioning and the lowest levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study highlight the usefulness of person-centered approaches for understanding the interplay between acculturative strategies and cultural stressors, and the implications of these distinct profiles on psychosocial functioning in HL emerging adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
38076878	PMC10705609	10.1101/2023.11.24.23298991	Convergent functional effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Saberi A', 'Ebneabbasi A', 'Rahimi S', 'Sarebannejad S', 'Sen ZD', 'Graf H', 'Walter M', 'Sorg C', 'Camilleri JA', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Valk SL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Tahmasian M']	2024	8	30	medRxiv				"BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have provided valuable insights into the macroscale impacts of antidepressants on brain functions in patients with major depressive disorder. However, the findings of individual studies are inconsistent. Here, we aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of the literature to identify convergence of the reported findings at both regional and network levels and to examine their associations with neurotransmitter systems. METHODS: Through a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed 5,258 abstracts and identified 36 eligible functional neuroimaging studies on antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder. Activation likelihood estimation was used to investigate regional convergence of the reported foci of consistent antidepressant effects, followed by functional decoding and connectivity mapping of the convergent clusters. Additionally, utilizing group-averaged data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed convergent resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the reported foci. Next, we compared the convergent circuit with the circuits targeted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy. Last, we studied the association of regional and network-level convergence maps with selected neurotransmitter receptors/transporters maps. RESULTS: No regional convergence was found across foci of treatment-associated alterations in functional imaging. Subgroup analysis across the Treated > Untreated contrast revealed a convergent cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which was associated with working memory and attention behavioral domains. Moreover, we found network-level convergence of the treatment-associated alterations in a circuit more prominent in the frontoparietal areas. This circuit was co-aligned with circuits targeted by ""anti-subgenual"" and ""Beam F3"" TMS therapy. We observed no significant correlations between our meta-analytic findings with the maps of neurotransmitter receptors/transporters. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the importance of the frontoparietal network and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, which may relate to their role in improving executive functions and emotional processing."
38713673	PMC11075869	10.1371/journal.pone.0285635	Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design	"['Gross RS', 'Thaweethai T', 'Rosenzweig EB', 'Chan J', 'Chibnik LB', 'Cicek MS', 'Elliott AJ', 'Flaherman VJ', 'Foulkes AS', 'Gage Witvliet M', 'Gallagher R', 'Gennaro ML', 'Jernigan TL', 'Karlson EW', 'Katz SD', 'Kinser PA', 'Kleinman LC', 'Lamendola-Essel MF', 'Milner JD', 'Mohandas S', 'Mudumbi PC', 'Newburger JW', 'Rhee KE', 'Salisbury AL', 'Snowden JN', 'Stein CR', 'Stockwell MS', 'Tantisira KG', 'Thomason ME', 'Truong DT', 'Warburton D', 'Wood JC', 'Ahmed S', 'Akerlundh A', 'Alshawabkeh AN', 'Anderson BR', 'Aschner JL', 'Atz AM', 'Aupperle RL', 'Baker FC', 'Balaraman V', 'Banerjee D', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Bhuiyan S', 'Bind MC', 'Bogie AL', 'Bradford T', 'Buchbinder NC', 'Bueler E', 'Bukulmez H', 'Casey BJ', 'Chang L', 'Chrisant M', 'Clark DB', 'Clifton RG', 'Clouser KN', 'Cottrell L', 'Cowan K', ""D'Sa V"", 'Dapretto M', 'Dasgupta S', 'Dehority W', 'Dionne A', 'Dummer KB', 'Elias MD', 'Esquenazi-Karonika S', 'Evans DN', 'Faustino EVS', 'Fiks AG', 'Forsha D', 'Foxe JJ', 'Friedman NP', 'Fry G', 'Gaur S', 'Gee DG', 'Gray KM', 'Handler S', 'Harahsheh AS', 'Hasbani K', 'Heath AC', 'Hebson C', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Hester CM', 'Hill S', 'Hobart-Porter L', 'Hong TKF', 'Horowitz CR', 'Hsia DS', 'Huentelman M', 'Hummel KD', 'Irby K', 'Jacobus J', 'Jacoby VL', 'Jone PN', 'Kaelber DC', 'Kasmarcak TJ', 'Kluko MJ', 'Kosut JS', 'Laird AR', 'Landeo-Gutierrez J', 'Lang SM', 'Larson CL', 'Lim PPC', 'Lisdahl KM', 'McCrindle BW', 'McCulloh RJ', 'McHugh K', 'Mendelsohn AL', 'Metz TD', 'Miller J', 'Mitchell EC', 'Morgan LM', 'Muller-Oehring EM', 'Nahin ER', 'Neale MC', 'Ness-Cochinwala M', 'Nolan SM', 'Oliveira CR', 'Osakwe O', 'Oster ME', 'Payne RM', 'Portman MA', 'Raissy H', 'Randall IG', 'Rao S', 'Reeder HT', 'Rosas JM', 'Russell MW', 'Sabati AA', 'Sanil Y', 'Sato AI', 'Schechter MS', 'Selvarangan R', 'Sexson Tejtel SK', 'Shakti D', 'Sharma K', 'Squeglia LM', 'Srivastava S', 'Stevenson MD', 'Szmuszkovicz J', 'Talavera-Barber MM', 'Teufel RJ 2nd', 'Thacker D', 'Trachtenberg F', 'Udosen MM', 'Warner MR', 'Watson SE', 'Werzberger A', 'Weyer JC', 'Wood MJ', 'Yin HS', 'Zempsky WT', 'Zimmerman E', 'Dreyer BP']"	2024	7	3	PLoS One	19	5	e0285635	"IMPORTANCE: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or ""Long COVID"") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults. OBSERVATIONS: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative. RECOVER-Pediatrics is an observational meta-cohort study of caregiver-child pairs (birth through 17 years) and young adults (18 through 25 years), recruited from more than 100 sites across the US. This report focuses on two of four cohorts that comprise RECOVER-Pediatrics: 1) a de novo RECOVER prospective cohort of children and young adults with and without previous or current infection; and 2) an extant cohort derived from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (n = 10,000). The de novo cohort incorporates three tiers of data collection: 1) remote baseline assessments (Tier 1, n = 6000); 2) longitudinal follow-up for up to 4 years (Tier 2, n = 6000); and 3) a subset of participants, primarily the most severely affected by PASC, who will undergo deep phenotyping to explore PASC pathophysiology (Tier 3, n = 600). Youth enrolled in the ABCD study participate in Tier 1. The pediatric protocol was developed as a collaborative partnership of investigators, patients, researchers, clinicians, community partners, and federal partners, intentionally promoting inclusivity and diversity. The protocol is adaptive to facilitate responses to emerging science. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: RECOVER-Pediatrics seeks to characterize the clinical course, underlying mechanisms, and long-term effects of PASC from birth through 25 years old. RECOVER-Pediatrics is designed to elucidate the epidemiology, four-year clinical course, and sociodemographic correlates of pediatric PASC. The data and biosamples will allow examination of mechanistic hypotheses and biomarkers, thus providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions. CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT05172011."
38717776	PMC11079691	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10441	Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Variance Across Social Strata	['Bottenhorn KL', 'Cardenas-Iniguez C', 'Schachner JN', 'Rosario MA', 'Mills KL', 'Laird AR', 'Herting MM']	2024	5	1	JAMA Netw Open	7	5	e2410441	
38869879	PMC11293992	10.1037/abn0000923	Unique versus shared neural correlates of externalizing psychopathology in late childhood	['Perlstein S', 'Hawes SW', 'Byrd AL', 'Barzilay R', 'Gur RE', 'Laird AR', 'Waller R']	2024	8	3	J Psychopathol Clin Sci	133	6	477-488	Childhood externalizing psychopathology is heterogeneous. Symptom variability in conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate different subgroups of children with externalizing problems who have specific treatment needs. However, CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits are highly comorbid. Studies need to generate insights into shared versus unique risk mechanisms, including through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, we tested whether symptoms of CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits were best represented within a bifactor framework, simultaneously modeling shared (i.e., general externalizing problems) and unique (i.e., symptom-specific) variance, or through a four-correlated factor or second-order factor model. Participants (N = 11,878, age, M = 9 years) were from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. We used questionnaire and functional magnetic resonance imaging data (emotional N-back task) from the baseline assessment. A bifactor model specifying a general externalizing and specific CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits factors demonstrated the best fit. The four-correlated and second-order factor models both fit the data well and were retained for analyses. Across models, reduced right amygdala activity to fearful faces was associated with more general externalizing problems and reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity to fearful faces was associated with higher CU traits. ADHD scores were related to greater right nucleus accumbens activation to fearful and happy faces. Results give insights into risk mechanisms underlying comorbidity and heterogeneity within externalizing psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
38870743	PMC11247354	10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101388	NowIKnowMyABCD: A global resource hub for researchers using data from the ABCD Study	['Ali SA', 'McCann CF', 'Thieu MK', 'Whitmore LB', 'Laird AR']	2024	6	3	Dev Cogn Neurosci	67		101388	The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, involving over 11,000 youth and their families, is a groundbreaking project examining various factors impacting brain and cognitive development. Despite yielding hundreds of publications and counting, the ABCD Study has lacked a centralized help platform to assist researchers in navigating and analyzing the extensive ABCD dataset. To support the ABCD research community, we created NowIKnowMyABCD, the first centralized documentation and communication resource publicly available to researchers using ABCD Study data. It consists of two core elements: a user-focused website and a moderated discussion board. The website serves as a repository for ABCD-related resources, tutorials, and a live feed of relevant updates and queries sourced from social media websites. The discussion board offers a platform for researchers to seek guidance, troubleshoot issues, and engage with peers. Our aim is for NowIKnowMyABCD to grow with participation from the ABCD research community, fostering transparency, collaboration, and adherence to open science principles.
38948881	PMC11212927	10.1101/2024.06.17.599426	A network correspondence toolbox for quantitative evaluation of novel neuroimaging results	['Kong RQ', 'Spreng RN', 'Xue A', 'Betzel R', 'Cohen JR', 'Damoiseaux J', 'De Brigard F', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fornito A', 'Gratton C', 'Gordon EM', 'Holmes AJ', 'Laird AR', 'Larson-Prior L', 'Nickerson LD', 'Pinho AL', 'Razi A', 'Sadaghiani S', 'Shine J', 'Yendiki A', 'Yeo BTT', 'Uddin LQ']	2024	6	18	bioRxiv				Decades of neuroscience research has shown that macroscale brain dynamics can be reliably decomposed into a subset of large-scale functional networks, but the specific spatial topographies of these networks and the names used to describe them can vary across studies. Such discordance has hampered interpretation and convergence of research findings across the field. To address this problem, we have developed the Network Correspondence Toolbox (NCT) to permit researchers to examine and report spatial correspondence between their novel neuroimaging results and sixteen widely used functional brain atlases, consistent with recommended reporting standards developed by the Organization for Human Brain Mapping. The atlases included in the toolbox show some topographical convergence for specific networks, such as those labeled as default or visual. Network naming varies across atlases, particularly for networks spanning frontoparietal association cortices. For this reason, quantitative comparison with multiple atlases is recommended to benchmark novel neuroimaging findings. We provide several exemplar demonstrations using the Human Connectome Project task fMRI results and UK Biobank independent component analysis maps to illustrate how researchers can use the NCT to report their own findings through quantitative evaluation against multiple published atlases. The NCT provides a convenient means for computing Dice coefficients with spin test permutations to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of correspondence among user-defined maps and existing atlas labels. The NCT also includes functionality to incorporate additional atlases in the future. The adoption of the NCT will make it easier for network neuroscience researchers to report their findings in a standardized manner, thus aiding reproducibility and facilitating comparisons between studies to produce interdisciplinary insights.
39002146	PMC11471956	10.1093/biostatistics/kxae024	Neuroimaging meta regression for coordinate based meta analysis data with a spatial model	['Yu Y', 'Lobo RP', 'Riedel MC', 'Bottenhorn K', 'Laird AR', 'Nichols TE']	2024	10	1	Biostatistics	25	4	1210-1232	Coordinate-based meta-analysis combines evidence from a collection of neuroimaging studies to estimate brain activation. In such analyses, a key practical challenge is to find a computationally efficient approach with good statistical interpretability to model the locations of activation foci. In this article, we propose a generative coordinate-based meta-regression (CBMR) framework to approximate a smooth activation intensity function and investigate the effect of study-level covariates (e.g. year of publication, sample size). We employ a spline parameterization to model the spatial structure of brain activation and consider four stochastic models for modeling the random variation in foci. To examine the validity of CBMR, we estimate brain activation on 20 meta-analytic datasets, conduct spatial homogeneity tests at the voxel level, and compare the results to those generated by existing kernel-based and model-based approaches. Keywords: generalized linear models; meta-analysis; spatial statistics; statistical modeling.
39172000	PMC11777391	10.1080/10826084.2024.2392505	Do Acculturative Gap Conflicts Impact Parenting Practices and Youth E-Cigarette Use? Tests of Moderated Mediation	['Fallah-Sohy N', 'Sutherland MT', 'Trucco EM']	2024	7	3	Subst Use Misuse	59	13	1938-1949	BACKGROUND: Latino/a youth are at increased risk of electronic (e)-cigarette or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use; thus, identifying factors impacting initiation is critical. Parenting practices reflecting warmth (e.g., relationship quality) and control (e.g., parental monitoring) and substance use-specific parenting (e.g., reactions to use, parenting self-efficacy) may influence youth substance use. For Latino/a youth, tensions from intergenerational acculturative differences are linked to substance use. We investigated ENDS use-specific parenting as a mediator between general parenting and youth ENDS use, examining whether acculturative gap conflict moderated the association between general and ENDS use-specific parenting. We expected mediation among families experiencing low acculturative gap conflicts. METHOD:  Data were analyzed over two waves from a predominantly White and Latino/a sample of caregiver-child dyads (N = 143) who identified with a culture in addition to or distinct from American. Youth (M(age) = 14.9 years, SD = 0.67; 62.9% female) reported relationship quality, parental monitoring, caregiver ENDS attitudes and reactions, acculturative gap conflicts, and ENDS use. Caregivers reported on ENDS use-specific parenting self-efficacy. Two moderated multiple mediator regression models (i.e., relationship quality, parental monitoring) were estimated. RESULTS:  Among youth reporting low and mean levels of acculturative gap conflict, ENDS use-specific parenting self-efficacy mediated the association between relationship quality and reduced ENDS use. There was no evidence for an interaction in the parental monitoring model. CONCLUSIONS:  In families experiencing low levels of acculturative gap conflict, relationship quality may impact ENDS use through caregivers' confidence in their ability to prevent child ENDS use.
39196964	PMC11339705	10.1001/jama.2024.12747	Characterizing Long COVID in Children and Adolescents	"['Gross RS', 'Thaweethai T', 'Kleinman LC', 'Snowden JN', 'Rosenzweig EB', 'Milner JD', 'Tantisira KG', 'Rhee KE', 'Jernigan TL', 'Kinser PA', 'Salisbury AL', 'Warburton D', 'Mohandas S', 'Wood JC', 'Newburger JW', 'Truong DT', 'Flaherman VJ', 'Metz TD', 'Karlson EW', 'Chibnik LB', 'Pant DB', 'Krishnamoorthy A', 'Gallagher R', 'Lamendola-Essel MF', 'Hasson DC', 'Katz SD', 'Yin S', 'Dreyer BP', 'Carmilani M', 'Coombs K', 'Fitzgerald ML', 'Guthe N', 'Hornig M', 'Letts RJ', 'Peddie AK', 'Taylor BD', 'Balaraman V', 'Bogie A', 'Bukulmez H', 'Dozor AJ', 'Eckrich D', 'Elliott AJ', 'Evans DN', 'Farkas JS', 'Faustino EVS', 'Fischer L', 'Gaur S', 'Harahsheh AS', 'Hasan UN', 'Hsia DS', 'Huerta-Montanez G', 'Hummel KD', 'Kadish MP', 'Kaelber DC', 'Krishnan S', 'Kosut JS', 'Larrabee J', 'Lim PPC', 'Michelow IC', 'Oliveira CR', 'Raissy H', 'Rosario-Pabon Z', 'Ross JL', 'Sato AI', 'Stevenson MD', 'Talavera-Barber MM', 'Teufel RJ', 'Weakley KE', 'Zimmerman E', 'Bind MC', 'Chan J', 'Guan Z', 'Morse RE', 'Reeder HT', 'Akshoomoff N', 'Aschner JL', 'Bhattacharjee R', 'Cottrell LA', 'Cowan K', ""D'Sa VA"", 'Fiks AG', 'Gennaro ML', 'Irby K', 'Khare M', 'Guttierrez JL', 'McCulloh RJ', 'Narang S', 'Ness-Cochinwala M', 'Nolan S', 'Palumbo P', 'Ryu J', 'Salazar JC', 'Selvarangan R', 'Stein CR', 'Werzberger A', 'Zempsky WT', 'Aupperle R', 'Baker FC', 'Banich MT', 'Barch DM', 'Baskin-Sommers A', 'Bjork JM', 'Bookheimer SY', 'Brown SA', 'Casey BJ', 'Chang L', 'Clark DB', 'Dale AM', 'Dapretto M', 'Ernst TM', 'Fair DA', 'Feldstein Ewing SW', 'Foxe JJ', 'Freedman EG', 'Friedman NP', 'Garavan H', 'Gee DG', 'Gonzalez R', 'Gray KM', 'Heitzeg MM', 'Herting MM', 'Jacobus J', 'Laird AR', 'Larson CL', 'Lisdahl KM', 'Luciana M', 'Luna B', 'Madden PAF', 'McGlade EC', 'Muller-Oehring EM', 'Nagel BJ', 'Neale MC', 'Paulus MP', 'Potter AS', 'Renshaw PF', 'Sowell ER', 'Squeglia LM', 'Tapert S', 'Uddin LQ', 'Wilson S', 'Yurgelun-Todd DA', 'Foulkes AS', 'Stockwell MS']"	2024	8	21	JAMA	332	14	1174-88	IMPORTANCE: Most research to understand postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID, has focused on adults, with less known about this complex condition in children. Research is needed to characterize pediatric PASC to enable studies of underlying mechanisms that will guide future treatment. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common prolonged symptoms experienced by children (aged 6 to 17 years) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, how these symptoms differ by age (school-age [6-11 years] vs adolescents [12-17 years]), how they cluster into distinct phenotypes, and what symptoms in combination could be used as an empirically derived index to assist researchers to study the likely presence of PASC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter longitudinal observational cohort study with participants recruited from more than 60 US health care and community settings between March 2022 and December 2023, including school-age children and adolescents with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection history. EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: PASC and 89 prolonged symptoms across 9 symptom domains. RESULTS: A total of 898 school-age children (751 with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection [referred to as infected] and 147 without [referred to as uninfected]; mean age, 8.6 years; 49% female; 11% were Black or African American, 34% were Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish, and 60% were White) and 4469 adolescents (3109 infected and 1360 uninfected; mean age, 14.8 years; 48% female; 13% were Black or African American, 21% were Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish, and 73% were White) were included. Median time between first infection and symptom survey was 506 days for school-age children and 556 days for adolescents. In models adjusted for sex and race and ethnicity, 14 symptoms in both school-age children and adolescents were more common in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection history compared with those without infection history, with 4 additional symptoms in school-age children only and 3 in adolescents only. These symptoms affected almost every organ system. Combinations of symptoms most associated with infection history were identified to form a PASC research index for each age group; these indices correlated with poorer overall health and quality of life. The index emphasizes neurocognitive, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms in school-age children but change or loss in smell or taste, pain, and fatigue/malaise-related symptoms in adolescents. Clustering analyses identified 4 PASC symptom phenotypes in school-age children and 3 in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study developed research indices for characterizing PASC in children and adolescents. Symptom patterns were similar but distinguishable between the 2 groups, highlighting the importance of characterizing PASC separately for these age ranges.
39308505	PMC11415029	10.1162/imag_a_00103	The past, present, and future of the brain imaging data structure (BIDS)	"['Poldrack RA', 'Markiewicz CJ', 'Appelhoff S', 'Ashar YK', 'Auer T', 'Baillet S', 'Bansal S', 'Beltrachini L', 'Benar CG', 'Bertazzoli G', 'Bhogawar S', 'Blair RW', 'Bortoletto M', 'Boudreau M', 'Brooks TL', 'Calhoun VD', 'Castelli FM', 'Clement P', 'Cohen AL', 'Cohen-Adad J', ""D'Ambrosio S"", 'de Hollander G', 'de la Iglesia-Vaya M', 'de la Vega A', 'Delorme A', 'Devinsky O', 'Draschkow D', 'Duff EP', 'DuPre E', 'Earl E', 'Esteban O', 'Feingold FW', 'Flandin G', 'Galassi A', 'Gallitto G', 'Ganz M', 'Gau R', 'Gholam J', 'Ghosh SS', 'Giacomel A', 'Gillman AG', 'Gleeson P', 'Gramfort A', 'Guay S', 'Guidali G', 'Halchenko YO', 'Handwerker DA', 'Hardcastle N', 'Herholz P', 'Hermes D', 'Honey CJ', 'Innis RB', 'Ioanas HI', 'Jahn A', 'Karakuzu A', 'Keator DB', 'Kiar G', 'Kincses B', 'Laird AR', 'Lau JC', 'Lazari A', 'Legarreta JH', 'Li A', 'Li X', 'Love BC', 'Lu H', 'Marcantoni E', 'Maumet C', 'Mazzamuto G', 'Meisler SL', 'Mikkelsen M', 'Mutsaerts H', 'Nichols TE', 'Nikolaidis A', 'Nilsonne G', 'Niso G', 'Norgaard M', 'Okell TW', 'Oostenveld R', 'Ort E', 'Park PJ', 'Pawlik M', 'Pernet CR', 'Pestilli F', 'Petr J', 'Phillips C', 'Poline JB', 'Pollonini L', 'Raamana PR', 'Ritter P', 'Rizzo G', 'Robbins KA', 'Rockhill AP', 'Rogers C', 'Rokem A', 'Rorden C', 'Routier A', 'Saborit-Torres JM', 'Salo T', 'Schirner M', 'Smith RE', 'Spisak T', 'Sprenger J', 'Swann NC', 'Szinte M', 'Takerkart S', 'Thirion B', 'Thomas AG', 'Torabian S', 'Varoquaux G', 'Voytek B', 'Welzel J', 'Wilson M', 'Yarkoni T', 'Gorgolewski KJ']"	2024	3	1	Imaging Neurosci (Camb)	2		1-19	The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS.
39406999	PMC11746144	10.1038/s41380-024-02780-6	Convergent functional effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a neuroimaging meta-analysis	['Saberi A', 'Ebneabbasi A', 'Rahimi S', 'Sarebannejad S', 'Sen ZD', 'Graf H', 'Walter M', 'Sorg C', 'Camilleri JA', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Valk SL', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Tahmasian M']	2025	2	3	Mol Psychiatry	30	2	736-751	"BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have provided valuable insights into the macroscale impacts of antidepressants on brain functions in patients with major depressive disorder. However, the findings of individual studies are inconsistent. Here, we aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of the literature to identify convergence of the reported findings at both regional and network levels and to examine their associations with neurotransmitter systems. METHODS: Through a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed 5258 abstracts and identified 36 eligible functional neuroimaging studies on antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder. Activation likelihood estimation was used to investigate regional convergence of the reported foci of antidepressant effects, followed by functional decoding and connectivity mapping of the convergent clusters. Additionally, utilizing group-averaged data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed convergent resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the reported foci. Next, we compared the convergent circuit with the circuits targeted by transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy. Last, we studied the association of regional and network-level convergence maps with selected neurotransmitter receptors/transporters maps. RESULTS: No regional convergence was found across foci of treatment-associated alterations in functional imaging. Subgroup analysis in the Treated > Untreated contrast revealed a convergent cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which was associated with working memory and attention behavioral domains. Moreover, we found network-level convergence of the treatment-associated alterations in a circuit more prominent in the frontoparietal areas. This circuit was co-aligned with circuits targeted by ""anti-subgenual"" and ""Beam F3"" transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy. We observed no significant correlations between our meta-analytic findings with the maps of neurotransmitter receptors/transporters. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the importance of the frontoparietal network and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, which may relate to their role in improving executive functions and emotional processing."
39615712		10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105960	Emotion regulation: From neural circuits to a transdiagnostic perspective	['Morawetz C', 'Hemetsberger FJ', 'Laird AR', 'Kohn N']	2025	1	3	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	168		105960	Emotion regulation is a critical factor implicated in diverse psychopathologies. However, evidence for the transdiagnostic feature of emotion regulation remains inconclusive. This study explored whether emotion regulation warrants designation as a transdiagnostic construct by examining its distinct neural basis compared to constructs within the existing Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework and searching for convergent regional brain activity during emotion regulation across psychiatric disorders. Thus, a two-step analysis approach was implemented. First, using coordinate-based meta-analyses, we reanalysed data from ten prior meta-analyses covering current RDoC domains, assessing unique and overlapping brain regions associated with emotion regulation. This analysis included 3.463 experimental contrasts from 78.338 healthy adults. Results indicated that emotion regulation overlapped with each RDoC domain, especially for those related to cognitive and social processes, yet maintained distinct neural patterns, particularly involving the inferior frontal and medial frontal gyrus. Second, in a separate and the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date, we analysed the neural patterns of emotion regulation in clinical populations. This analysis included 3.576 experimental contrasts from 342 participants, contrasting brain activation patterns during emotion regulation in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders with healthy controls. The findings highlighted the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex's role in emotion regulation across psychiatric disorders. Taken together, these findings support the transdiagnostic nature of emotion regulation by demonstrating its unique neural underpinnings within the RDoC framework and across psychiatric disorders. Recognising the critical importance of emotion regulation in both health and disease may help refine diagnostic criteria and develop treatment strategies, improving mental health outcomes through tailored therapeutic approaches.
40060400	PMC11888302	10.1101/2025.02.22.639361	Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics	['Smith DD', 'Bartley JE', 'Peraza JA', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Nomi JS', 'Uddin LQ', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Laird RW', 'Pruden SM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2025	2	25	bioRxiv				Academic institutions are increasingly adopting active learning methods to enhance educational outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neurobiological differences between active learning and traditional lecture-based approaches in university physics education. Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory physics course underwent an fMRI session before and after a 15-week semester. Coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis was used to examine the temporal dynamics of brain states across different cognitive contexts, including physics conceptual reasoning, physics knowledge retrieval, and rest. CAP results identified seven distinct brain states, with contributions from frontoparietal, somatomotor, and visuospatial networks. Among active learning students, physics learning was associated with increased engagement of a somatomotor network, supporting an embodied cognition framework, while lecture-based students demonstrated stronger engagement of a visuospatial network, consistent with observational learning. These findings suggest significant neural restructuring over a semester of physics learning, with different instructional approaches preferentially modulating distinct patterns of brain dynamics.
40060400	PMC11888302	10.1101/2025.02.22.639361	Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics	['Smith DD', 'Bartley JE', 'Peraza JA', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Nomi JS', 'Uddin LQ', 'Riedel MC', 'Salo T', 'Laird RW', 'Pruden SM', 'Sutherland MT', 'Brewe E', 'Laird AR']	2025	2	25	bioRxiv				Academic institutions are increasingly adopting active learning methods to enhance educational outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neurobiological differences between active learning and traditional lecture-based approaches in university physics education. Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory physics course underwent an fMRI session before and after a 15-week semester. Coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis was used to examine the temporal dynamics of brain states across different cognitive contexts, including physics conceptual reasoning, physics knowledge retrieval, and rest. CAP results identified seven distinct brain states, with contributions from frontoparietal, somatomotor, and visuospatial networks. Among active learning students, physics learning was associated with increased engagement of a somatomotor network, supporting an embodied cognition framework, while lecture-based students demonstrated stronger engagement of a visuospatial network, consistent with observational learning. These findings suggest significant neural restructuring over a semester of physics learning, with different instructional approaches preferentially modulating distinct patterns of brain dynamics.
40133295	PMC11937327	10.1038/s41467-025-58176-9	A network correspondence toolbox for quantitative evaluation of novel neuroimaging results	['Kong R', 'Spreng RN', 'Xue A', 'Betzel RF', 'Cohen JR', 'Damoiseaux JS', 'De Brigard F', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Fornito A', 'Gratton C', 'Gordon EM', 'Holmes AJ', 'Laird AR', 'Larson-Prior L', 'Nickerson LD', 'Pinho AL', 'Razi A', 'Sadaghiani S', 'Shine JM', 'Yendiki A', 'Yeo BTT', 'Uddin LQ']	2025	3	25	Nat Commun	16	1	2930	The brain can be decomposed into large-scale functional networks, but the specific spatial topographies of these networks and the names used to describe them vary across studies. Such discordance has hampered interpretation and convergence of research findings across the field. We have developed the Network Correspondence Toolbox (NCT) to permit researchers to examine and report spatial correspondence between their novel neuroimaging results and multiple widely used functional brain atlases. We provide several exemplar demonstrations to illustrate how researchers can use the NCT to report their own findings. The NCT provides a convenient means for computing Dice coefficients with spin test permutations to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of correspondence among user-defined maps and existing atlas labels. The adoption of the NCT will make it easier for network neuroscience researchers to report their findings in a standardized manner, thus aiding reproducibility and facilitating comparisons between studies to produce interdisciplinary insights.
40266625	PMC12019678	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0488	Distinct Convergent Brain Alterations in Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: A Meta-Analysis	['Reimann GM', 'Hoseini A', 'Kocak M', 'Beste M', 'Kuppers V', 'Rosenzweig I', 'Elmenhorst D', 'Pires GN', 'Laird AR', 'Fox PT', 'Spiegelhalder K', 'Reetz K', 'Eickhoff SB', 'Muller VI', 'Tahmasian M']	2025	7	1	JAMA Psychiatry	82	7	681-691	IMPORTANCE: Sleep disorders have different etiologies yet share some nocturnal and daytime symptoms, suggesting common neurobiological substrates; healthy individuals undergoing experimental sleep deprivation also report analogous daytime symptoms. However, brain similarities and differences between long-term sleep disorders and short-term sleep deprivation are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the shared and specific neural correlates across sleep disorders and sleep deprivation. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and BrainMap were searched up to January 2024 to identify relevant structural and functional neuroimaging articles. STUDY SELECTION: Whole-brain neuroimaging articles reporting voxel-based group differences between patients with different sleep disorders and healthy control participants or between total or partial sleep-deprived and well-rested individuals were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Significant coordinates of group comparisons, their contrast direction (eg, patients < controls), and imaging modality were extracted. For each article, 2 raters independently evaluated eligibility and extracted data. Subsequently, several meta-analyses were performed with the revised activation likelihood estimation algorithm using P < .05 cluster-level familywise error correction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Transdiagnostic regional brain alterations were identified across sleep disorders and among articles reporting sleep deprivation. Their associated behavioral functions and task-based or task-free connectivity patterns were explored using 2 independent datasets (BrainMap and the enhanced Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample). RESULTS: A total of 231 articles (140 unique experiments, 3380 unique participants) were retrieved. The analysis across sleep disorders (n = 95 experiments) identified the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (176 voxels, z score = 4.86), associated with reward, reasoning, and gustation, and the amygdala and hippocampus (130 voxels, z score = 4.00), associated with negative emotion processing, memory, and olfaction. Both clusters had positive functional connectivity with the default mode network. The right thalamus (153 voxels, z score = 5.21) emerged as a consistent regional alteration following sleep deprivation (n = 45 experiments). This cluster was associated with thermoregulation, action, and pain perception and showed positive functional connectivity with subcortical and (pre)motor regions. Subanalyses regarding the direction of alterations demonstrated that the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex exhibited decreased activation, connectivity, and/or volume, while the amygdala and hippocampus cluster and the thalamus cluster demonstrated increased activation, connectivity, and/or volume. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Distinct convergent brain abnormalities were observed between long-term sleep disorders (probably reflecting shared symptoms) and short-term sleep deprivation.
40463030	PMC12132253	10.1101/2025.05.14.653992	Habenula alterations in resting state functional connectivity among autistic individuals	['Hampson CL', 'Peraza JA', 'Guerrero LM', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Almuquin F', 'Smith DD', 'Schmarder KM', 'Crooks KE', 'Lobo RP', 'Sutherland MT', 'Musser ED', 'Dai Y', 'Agarwal R', 'Saeed F', 'Laird AR']	2025	5	14	bioRxiv				BACKGROUND: The reward-based theoretical framework of autism suggests that altered reward circuitry contributes to core symptoms. Recent prior research has revealed autism-related structural alterations in the habenula, a small epithalamic structure associated with motivation and emotion; however, potential alterations in functional connectivity (FC) remain unexplored. METHODS: Anatomical and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were accessed for 1,584 participants (N=705 autism; mean age: 16.26 +/- 8.15 years) in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). To investigate habenula alterations, we conducted a whole-brain resting state FC analysis, followed by regression analyses to explore age and brain-behavior interactions. RESULTS: Across the entire sample, extensive habenula connectivity was observed within the midbrain dopaminergic reward system. Compared to neurotypical (NT) controls, autistic participants exhibited significantly increased habenular connectivity with the right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyri. From childhood to early adulthood, habenula FC increased in autistic adolescents, and inversely decreased in NTs, with the left culmen and left parahippocampus. Between groups, habenula hyperconnectivity was inversely associated with behavioral scores for social motivation, executive functioning, and daily living skills, but not social communication. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel evidence of habenula connectivity alterations in autism, highlighting atypical FC with the auditory cortex. Further findings suggest that habenula circuitry develops differently among autistic adolescents, with links between habenula hyperconnectivity and motivation and adaptive behaviors. Taken together, these results contribute to emerging evidence that the dopaminergic reward system may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of autism.
40463030	PMC12132253	10.1101/2025.05.14.653992	Habenula alterations in resting state functional connectivity among autistic individuals	['Hampson CL', 'Peraza JA', 'Guerrero LM', 'Bottenhorn KL', 'Riedel MC', 'Almuquin F', 'Smith DD', 'Schmarder KM', 'Crooks KE', 'Lobo RP', 'Sutherland MT', 'Musser ED', 'Dai Y', 'Agarwal R', 'Saeed F', 'Laird AR']	2025	5	14	bioRxiv				BACKGROUND: The reward-based theoretical framework of autism suggests that altered reward circuitry contributes to core symptoms. Recent prior research has revealed autism-related structural alterations in the habenula, a small epithalamic structure associated with motivation and emotion; however, potential alterations in functional connectivity (FC) remain unexplored. METHODS: Anatomical and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were accessed for 1,584 participants (N=705 autism; mean age: 16.26 +/- 8.15 years) in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). To investigate habenula alterations, we conducted a whole-brain resting state FC analysis, followed by regression analyses to explore age and brain-behavior interactions. RESULTS: Across the entire sample, extensive habenula connectivity was observed within the midbrain dopaminergic reward system. Compared to neurotypical (NT) controls, autistic participants exhibited significantly increased habenular connectivity with the right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyri. From childhood to early adulthood, habenula FC increased in autistic adolescents, and inversely decreased in NTs, with the left culmen and left parahippocampus. Between groups, habenula hyperconnectivity was inversely associated with behavioral scores for social motivation, executive functioning, and daily living skills, but not social communication. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel evidence of habenula connectivity alterations in autism, highlighting atypical FC with the auditory cortex. Further findings suggest that habenula circuitry develops differently among autistic adolescents, with links between habenula hyperconnectivity and motivation and adaptive behaviors. Taken together, these results contribute to emerging evidence that the dopaminergic reward system may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of autism.