diff --git a/src/__tests__/trpc/userWalletsAuth.test.ts b/src/__tests__/trpc/userWalletsAuth.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e79f2ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/__tests__/trpc/userWalletsAuth.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, jest } from "@jest/globals";
+
+import { makeAnonymousCtx, makeSessionCtx, makeWalletCtx } from "./helpers";
+
+jest.mock("superjson", () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  default: {
+    serialize: (value: unknown) => value,
+    deserialize: (value: unknown) => value,
+  },
+}));
+
+jest.mock("@/server/auth", () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  getServerAuthSession: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+let createCaller: typeof import("@/server/api/root").createCaller;
+
+const SIGNER = "addr_test1signer";
+const OTHER = "addr_test1other";
+
+const walletRow = {
+  id: "wallet-1",
+  name: "Treasury",
+  description: "Board treasury",
+  signersAddresses: [SIGNER, OTHER],
+  signersDescriptions: ["Alice", "Bob"],
+};
+
+const makeMockDb = () => ({
+  wallet: {
+    findMany: jest.fn(async (_args: unknown) => [walletRow]),
+  },
+});
+
+/**
+ * wallet.getUserWallets lists every wallet that names an address as a signer.
+ * Signer addresses are public on-chain, so the address alone proves nothing:
+ * the caller must hold a session for it.
+ */
+describe("wallet.getUserWallets authorization", () => {
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    ({ createCaller } = await import("@/server/api/root"));
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it("refuses an anonymous caller without touching the database", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const caller = createCaller(makeAnonymousCtx(db) as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "UNAUTHORIZED" });
+
+    expect(db.wallet.findMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("refuses a wallet session asking for someone else's address", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const caller = createCaller(makeWalletCtx(OTHER, db) as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "FORBIDDEN" });
+
+    expect(db.wallet.findMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("refuses a NextAuth session asking for someone else's address", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const caller = createCaller(makeSessionCtx(OTHER, db) as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "FORBIDDEN" });
+
+    expect(db.wallet.findMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("lists the wallets of the address the wallet session holds", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const caller = createCaller(makeWalletCtx(SIGNER, db) as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual([walletRow]);
+
+    expect(db.wallet.findMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      where: { signersAddresses: { has: SIGNER } },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("lists the wallets for any address in a multi-wallet session", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const ctx = { ...makeWalletCtx(OTHER, db), sessionWallets: [OTHER, SIGNER] };
+    const caller = createCaller(ctx as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual([walletRow]);
+  });
+
+  it("lists the wallets of a NextAuth user's own address", async () => {
+    const db = makeMockDb();
+    const caller = createCaller(makeSessionCtx(SIGNER, db) as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      caller.wallet.getUserWallets({ address: SIGNER }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual([walletRow]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/pages/homepage/wallets/index.tsx b/src/components/pages/homepage/wallets/index.tsx
index 0be9ab03..1a50051f 100644
--- a/src/components/pages/homepage/wallets/index.tsx
+++ b/src/components/pages/homepage/wallets/index.tsx
@@ -29,8 +29,32 @@ import { ImportTransferDialog } from "./import-transfer-dialog";
 import BotManagementCard from "@/components/pages/user/BotManagementCard";
 
 
+/**
+ * Shown to a connected wallet that has not signed the session nonce yet. The
+ * wallet list is only served to a session for the address, so without this
+ * the page would claim the user has no wallets at all.
+ */
+function AuthorizeToSeeWallets() {
+  const requestReauth = useUserStore((state) => state.requestReauth);
+  return (
+    <div className="col-span-full rounded-lg border border-dashed p-6 text-center">
+      <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+        Authorize your connected wallet to see the multisig wallets it signs
+        for.
+      </p>
+      <Button className="mt-4" onClick={() => requestReauth()}>
+        Authorize wallet
+      </Button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 export default function PageWallets() {
-  const { wallets, isLoading: isLoadingWallets } = useUserWallets();
+  const {
+    wallets,
+    isLoading: isLoadingWallets,
+    needsAuthorization,
+  } = useUserWallets();
   const [showArchived, setShowArchived] = useState(false);
   const userAddress = useUserStore((state) => state.userAddress);
   const address = userAddress ?? "";
@@ -43,18 +67,17 @@ export default function PageWallets() {
       refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
     },
   );
+  // Both wallet-creation lists are protectedProcedures: without a session for
+  // this address they can only answer 401/403.
   const isAuthorized = walletSession?.authorized ?? false;
-  const sessionWallets = walletSession?.wallets ?? [];
-  // If there's no wallet-session constraint, public read queries can run without authorization
-  const canQueryPublicWalletData = sessionWallets.length === 0 || isAuthorized;
 
   const { data: newPendingWallets, isLoading: isLoadingNewWallets } = api.wallet.getUserNewWallets.useQuery(
     { address },
     {
       // Only enable query when user is authorized (prevents 403 errors)
-      enabled: address.length > 0 && canQueryPublicWalletData,
+      enabled: address.length > 0 && isAuthorized,
       retry: (failureCount, error) => {
-        // Don't retry on authorization errors (403)
+        // Don't retry on authorization errors (401/403)
         if (error && typeof error === "object") {
           const err = error as {
             code?: string;
@@ -65,8 +88,11 @@ export default function PageWallets() {
           const errorMessage = err.message || err.shape?.message || "";
           const isAuthError =
             err.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+            err.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
             err.data?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+            err.data?.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
             err.data?.httpStatus === 403 ||
+            err.data?.httpStatus === 401 ||
             err.shape?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
             errorMessage.includes("Address mismatch");
           if (isAuthError) return false;
@@ -81,9 +107,9 @@ export default function PageWallets() {
       { address },
       {
         // Only enable query when user is authorized (prevents 403 errors)
-        enabled: address.length > 0 && canQueryPublicWalletData,
+        enabled: address.length > 0 && isAuthorized,
         retry: (failureCount, error) => {
-          // Don't retry on authorization errors (403)
+          // Don't retry on authorization errors (401/403)
           if (error && typeof error === "object") {
             const err = error as {
               code?: string;
@@ -94,8 +120,11 @@ export default function PageWallets() {
             const errorMessage = err.message || err.shape?.message || "";
             const isAuthError =
               err.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+              err.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
               err.data?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+              err.data?.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
               err.data?.httpStatus === 403 ||
+              err.data?.httpStatus === 401 ||
               err.shape?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
               errorMessage.includes("Address mismatch");
             if (isAuthError) return false;
@@ -147,9 +176,13 @@ export default function PageWallets() {
               <WalletCardSkeleton />
             </>
           )}
-          {!isLoadingWallets && address.length > 0 && (!wallets || wallets.length === 0) && (
-            <EmptyWalletsState />
+          {!isLoadingWallets && needsAuthorization && (
+            <AuthorizeToSeeWallets />
           )}
+          {!isLoadingWallets &&
+            !needsAuthorization &&
+            address.length > 0 &&
+            (!wallets || wallets.length === 0) && <EmptyWalletsState />}
           {!isLoadingWallets && wallets &&
             wallets
               .filter((wallet) => showArchived || !wallet.isArchived)
diff --git a/src/hooks/useUserWallets.ts b/src/hooks/useUserWallets.ts
index adde9bc1..e9e01271 100644
--- a/src/hooks/useUserWallets.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/useUserWallets.ts
@@ -11,27 +11,32 @@ export default function useUserWallets() {
   const address = userAddress ?? "";
   
   // Check wallet session authorization before enabling queries
-  const { data: walletSession } = api.auth.getWalletSession.useQuery(
-    { address },
-    {
-      enabled: address.length > 0,
-      refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
-    },
-  );
+  const { data: walletSession, isError: sessionCheckFailed } =
+    api.auth.getWalletSession.useQuery(
+      { address },
+      {
+        enabled: address.length > 0,
+        refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+      },
+    );
+  // The wallet list is only served to a caller with a session for `address`
+  // (the server answers 401/403 otherwise), so wait for the authorization
+  // step instead of firing a request that is bound to fail. The layout
+  // refetches the session after authorizing, which flips this on.
   const isAuthorized = walletSession?.authorized ?? false;
-  const sessionWallets = walletSession?.wallets ?? [];
-  // If there's no wallet-session constraint, public read queries can run without authorization
-  const canQueryPublicWalletData = sessionWallets.length === 0 || isAuthorized;
-  
-  const { data: wallets, isLoading } = api.wallet.getUserWallets.useQuery(
+
+  const {
+    data: wallets,
+    isLoading,
+    error: walletsError,
+  } = api.wallet.getUserWallets.useQuery(
     { address },
     {
-      // Only enable query when user is authorized (prevents 403 errors)
-      enabled: address.length > 0 && canQueryPublicWalletData,
+      enabled: address.length > 0 && isAuthorized,
       staleTime: 1 * 60 * 1000, // 1 minute (user/wallet data)
       gcTime: 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes
       retry: (failureCount, error) => {
-        // Don't retry on authorization errors (403)
+        // Don't retry on authorization errors (401/403)
         if (error && typeof error === "object") {
           const err = error as { 
             code?: string; 
@@ -42,8 +47,11 @@ export default function useUserWallets() {
           const errorMessage = err.message || err.shape?.message || "";
           const isAuthError =
             err.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+            err.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
             err.data?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+            err.data?.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
             err.data?.httpStatus === 403 ||
+            err.data?.httpStatus === 401 ||
             err.shape?.code === "FORBIDDEN" ||
             errorMessage.includes("Address mismatch");
           if (isAuthError) return false;
@@ -61,5 +69,25 @@ export default function useUserWallets() {
       .map((wallet) => buildWallet(wallet, network));
   }, [wallets, network]);
 
-  return { wallets: mappedWallets, isLoading };
+  // Until the session question is answered the list is effectively loading;
+  // once it is answered "no", callers should ask the user to authorize rather
+  // than render "you have no wallets".
+  // A failed session check is not a "no": the auth modal only opens on an
+  // answer, so prompting then would offer a button that does nothing. A list
+  // request refused with 401 is a "no" (the cookie expired since the session
+  // check was cached).
+  const isCheckingSession =
+    address.length > 0 && walletSession === undefined && !sessionCheckFailed;
+  const listRefused =
+    walletsError?.data?.code === "UNAUTHORIZED" ||
+    walletsError?.data?.httpStatus === 401;
+  const needsAuthorization =
+    address.length > 0 &&
+    ((walletSession !== undefined && !isAuthorized) || listRefused);
+
+  return {
+    wallets: mappedWallets,
+    isLoading: isLoading || isCheckingSession,
+    needsAuthorization,
+  };
 }
diff --git a/src/server/api/routers/wallets.ts b/src/server/api/routers/wallets.ts
index d3714ae0..ca892148 100644
--- a/src/server/api/routers/wallets.ts
+++ b/src/server/api/routers/wallets.ts
@@ -223,7 +223,14 @@ function walletDataFromPayload(
 }
 
 export const walletRouter = createTRPCRouter({
-  // Read operations stay public but validate signer membership by address param
+  // Lists every wallet that names `address` as a signer, so the caller must
+  // have proved control of that address (wallet session or NextAuth user).
+  //
+  // This used to skip the check when there was no session at all, which let
+  // anyone look up any address — signer addresses are public on-chain — and
+  // read back full wallet rows: names, descriptions, the signers' own labels
+  // and import bodies. getWallet already refuses anonymous callers; the list
+  // must not hand out more than the single-wallet read does.
   getUserWallets: publicProcedure
     .input(z.object({ address: z.string() }))
     .query(async ({ ctx, input }) => {
@@ -233,9 +240,10 @@ export const walletRouter = createTRPCRouter({
         : ctx.sessionAddress
           ? [ctx.sessionAddress]
           : [];
-      // If user has an active session, validate that the requested address is authorized
-      // Throw error if address doesn't match (security: prevent unauthorized access)
-      if (addresses.length > 0 && !addresses.includes(input.address)) {
+      if (addresses.length === 0) {
+        throw new TRPCError({ code: "UNAUTHORIZED" });
+      }
+      if (!addresses.includes(input.address)) {
         throw new TRPCError({ code: "FORBIDDEN", message: "Address mismatch" });
       }
       // Query wallets where the user is a signer