diff --git a/apps/2026/src/lib/hacker-portal.tsx b/apps/2026/src/lib/hacker-portal.tsx
index 0376ce55f..21368e234 100644
--- a/apps/2026/src/lib/hacker-portal.tsx
+++ b/apps/2026/src/lib/hacker-portal.tsx
@@ -611,13 +611,11 @@ export function useHackerDashboardFlow(
   const { client } = useHackerSdkClient();
   const confirmKey = useIdempotencyLease("confirm");
   const withdrawKey = useIdempotencyLease("withdraw");
-  const checkInPassKey = useIdempotencyLease("check-in-pass");
   const qrMutation = useMutation({
     mutationFn: async () => {
       const pass = await issuePassMutation.mutateAsync({
-        idempotencyKey: checkInPassKey.acquire("issue"),
+        idempotencyKey: "check-in-pass:v1",
       });
-      checkInPassKey.release();
       return QRCode.toDataURL(pass.payload, { margin: 4, width: 640 });
     },
   });
diff --git a/packages/api/src/hacker-portal/mutations.ts b/packages/api/src/hacker-portal/mutations.ts
index 86f3e74cf..0b78bb682 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/hacker-portal/mutations.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/hacker-portal/mutations.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   Hacker,
   HackerAttendee,
   HackerCheckInPass,
+  HackerParticipantCommand,
   HackerProfile,
 } from "@forge/db/schemas/knight-hacks";
 
@@ -803,7 +804,18 @@ export async function withdrawApplication(
           .set({ lastStatusSendId: sendId, status: "withdrawn" })
           .where(eq(HackerAttendee.id, application.attendeeId));
         await removeHackerTeamMember(tx, application.attendeeId);
-        await revokeActivePasses(tx, application.attendeeId, now);
+        await tx
+          .delete(HackerCheckInPass)
+          .where(eq(HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId, application.attendeeId));
+        await tx
+          .delete(HackerParticipantCommand)
+          .where(
+            and(
+              eq(HackerParticipantCommand.userId, ctx.session.userId),
+              eq(HackerParticipantCommand.hackathonId, hackathon.id),
+              eq(HackerParticipantCommand.operation, "issue_check_in_pass"),
+            ),
+          );
         await createAdminAuditEvent(
           {
             actionKey: "hacker.application_withdrawn",
diff --git a/packages/api/src/tests/hackathon-events/check-in.test.ts b/packages/api/src/tests/hackathon-events/check-in.test.ts
index 7c5bc7acb..ec7c630a9 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/tests/hackathon-events/check-in.test.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/tests/hackathon-events/check-in.test.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import type { db } from "@forge/db/client";
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ describe.skipIf(!canRunDatabaseTests())("hackathon event check-in core", () => {
     await client.delete(knightHacks.HackerDiscordRoleGrant);
     await client.delete(knightHacks.HackerCheckInAttempt);
     await client.delete(knightHacks.HackerEventAttendee);
+    await client.delete(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass);
     await client.update(knightHacks.HackerAttendee).set({
       checkedInAt: null,
       checkedInBy: null,
@@ -255,6 +257,125 @@ describe.skipIf(!canRunDatabaseTests())("hackathon event check-in core", () => {
     source: "scanner" as const,
   });
 
+  it("accepts current and older QRs while the attendee has an active pass", async () => {
+    const ids = personIds(people.base);
+    const olderPayload = `fhp1.${"a".repeat(43)}`;
+    const currentPayload = `fhp1.${"b".repeat(43)}`;
+    const tokenHash = (payload: string) =>
+      createHash("sha256").update(payload).digest("hex");
+    await client.insert(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass).values([
+      {
+        attendeeId: ids.attendeeId,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        revokedAt: NOW,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(olderPayload),
+      },
+      {
+        attendeeId: ids.attendeeId,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(currentPayload),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const current = await checkIn({
+      actor,
+      input: {
+        ...scannerInput(PRIMARY_EVENT_ID, people.base, false),
+        qrPayload: currentPayload,
+      },
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(current.result).toMatchObject({
+      name: "Hacker1 Fixture",
+      status: "checked_in",
+    });
+
+    const older = await checkIn({
+      actor,
+      input: {
+        ...scannerInput(PRIMARY_EVENT_ID, people.base, false),
+        qrPayload: olderPayload,
+      },
+      now: NOW,
+    });
+    expect(older.result).toMatchObject({
+      name: "Hacker1 Fixture",
+      status: "already_checked_in",
+    });
+
+    await client
+      .update(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass)
+      .set({ revokedAt: LATER })
+      .where(eq(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId, ids.attendeeId));
+    const rejected = await checkIn({
+      actor,
+      input: {
+        ...scannerInput(PRIMARY_EVENT_ID, people.base, false),
+        qrPayload: olderPayload,
+      },
+      now: LATER,
+    });
+    expect(rejected.result).toEqual({ status: "invalid_qr" });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects expired current and older QRs", async () => {
+    const expiredCurrent = `fhp1.${"c".repeat(43)}`;
+    const expiredOlder = `fhp1.${"d".repeat(43)}`;
+    const replacement = `fhp1.${"e".repeat(43)}`;
+    const olderWithExpiredReplacement = `fhp1.${"f".repeat(43)}`;
+    const expiredReplacement = `fhp1.${"g".repeat(43)}`;
+    const tokenHash = (payload: string) =>
+      createHash("sha256").update(payload).digest("hex");
+    await client.insert(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass).values([
+      {
+        attendeeId: personIds(people.regular).attendeeId,
+        expiresAt: NOW,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(expiredCurrent),
+      },
+      {
+        attendeeId: personIds(people.vip).attendeeId,
+        expiresAt: NOW,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        revokedAt: NOW,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(expiredOlder),
+      },
+      {
+        attendeeId: personIds(people.vip).attendeeId,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(replacement),
+      },
+      {
+        attendeeId: personIds(people.allocation).attendeeId,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        revokedAt: NOW,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(olderWithExpiredReplacement),
+      },
+      {
+        attendeeId: personIds(people.allocation).attendeeId,
+        expiresAt: NOW,
+        hackathonId: HACKATHON_ID,
+        tokenHash: tokenHash(expiredReplacement),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    for (const [person, qrPayload] of [
+      [people.regular, expiredCurrent],
+      [people.vip, expiredOlder],
+      [people.allocation, olderWithExpiredReplacement],
+    ] as const) {
+      const result = await checkIn({
+        actor,
+        input: {
+          ...scannerInput(PRIMARY_EVENT_ID, person, false),
+          qrPayload,
+        },
+        now: NOW,
+      });
+      expect(result.result).toEqual({ status: "invalid_qr" });
+    }
+  });
+
   it("does not make ordinary event scans wait for team allocation", async () => {
     const { lockHackerTeams } = await import("../../utils/hacker-teams/teams");
     await client.transaction(async (tx) => {
diff --git a/packages/api/src/tests/integration/hacker-portal-lifecycle.test.ts b/packages/api/src/tests/integration/hacker-portal-lifecycle.test.ts
index 22aa0876f..29c702074 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/tests/integration/hacker-portal-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/tests/integration/hacker-portal-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ describe.skipIf(!canRunDatabaseTests())("hacker portal lifecycle", () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it("[TC-LIFE-004/005] makes withdrawal terminal and revokes the active pass", async () => {
+  it("[TC-LIFE-004/005] makes withdrawal terminal and deletes issued passes", async () => {
     const hackathon = await seedHackathon();
     if (!hackathon.applicationAgreementId)
       throw new Error("Application agreement was not seeded.");
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ describe.skipIf(!canRunDatabaseTests())("hacker portal lifecycle", () => {
       "FORBIDDEN_STATUS",
     );
 
-    const [application, pass] = await Promise.all([
+    const [application, pass, passCommands] = await Promise.all([
       client
         .select({
           lastStatusSendId: knightHacks.HackerAttendee.lastStatusSendId,
@@ -896,13 +896,27 @@ describe.skipIf(!canRunDatabaseTests())("hacker portal lifecycle", () => {
         .from(knightHacks.HackerAttendee)
         .where(eq(knightHacks.HackerAttendee.hackathonId, hackathon.id)),
       client
-        .select({ revokedAt: knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass.revokedAt })
+        .select({ id: knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass.id })
         .from(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass)
         .where(eq(knightHacks.HackerCheckInPass.hackathonId, hackathon.id)),
+      client
+        .select({ id: knightHacks.HackerParticipantCommand.id })
+        .from(knightHacks.HackerParticipantCommand)
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(knightHacks.HackerParticipantCommand.userId, userId),
+            eq(knightHacks.HackerParticipantCommand.hackathonId, hackathon.id),
+            eq(
+              knightHacks.HackerParticipantCommand.operation,
+              "issue_check_in_pass",
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
     ]);
     expect(application[0]?.status).toBe("withdrawn");
     expect(typeof application[0]?.lastStatusSendId).toBe("string");
-    expect(pass[0]?.revokedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    expect(pass).toEqual([]);
+    expect(passCommands).toEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("replays a QR pass without storing plaintext and expires its command record", async () => {
diff --git a/packages/api/src/utils/hackathon-events/check-in.ts b/packages/api/src/utils/hackathon-events/check-in.ts
index d53238414..10cbc7c4b 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/utils/hackathon-events/check-in.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/utils/hackathon-events/check-in.ts
@@ -242,9 +242,12 @@ export async function performHackathonEventCheckIn({
       input.source === "scanner"
         ? parseOpaqueHackerCheckInPass(input.qrPayload)
         : null;
-    const [opaquePass] = opaquePayload
+    const [matchedOpaquePass] = opaquePayload
       ? await tx
-          .select({ attendeeId: HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId })
+          .select({
+            attendeeId: HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId,
+            revokedAt: HackerCheckInPass.revokedAt,
+          })
           .from(HackerCheckInPass)
           .where(
             and(
@@ -253,7 +256,6 @@ export async function performHackathonEventCheckIn({
                 HackerCheckInPass.tokenHash,
                 hashOpaqueHackerCheckInPass(opaquePayload),
               ),
-              isNull(HackerCheckInPass.revokedAt),
               or(
                 isNull(HackerCheckInPass.expiresAt),
                 gt(HackerCheckInPass.expiresAt, now),
@@ -262,6 +264,30 @@ export async function performHackathonEventCheckIn({
           )
           .limit(1)
       : [];
+    const [activeOpaquePass] =
+      matchedOpaquePass?.revokedAt === null
+        ? [matchedOpaquePass]
+        : matchedOpaquePass
+          ? await tx
+              .select({ attendeeId: HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId })
+              .from(HackerCheckInPass)
+              .where(
+                and(
+                  eq(
+                    HackerCheckInPass.attendeeId,
+                    matchedOpaquePass.attendeeId,
+                  ),
+                  eq(HackerCheckInPass.hackathonId, input.hackathonId),
+                  isNull(HackerCheckInPass.revokedAt),
+                  or(
+                    isNull(HackerCheckInPass.expiresAt),
+                    gt(HackerCheckInPass.expiresAt, now),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              )
+              .limit(1)
+          : [];
+    const opaquePass = activeOpaquePass ? matchedOpaquePass : null;
     const resolveBy =
       input.source === "manual"
         ? eq(HackerAttendee.id, input.attendeeId)